004 . 
S II 0 
S H 0 
S H O 
ground. \\ hen he springs birds for the first 
tinu-, it he runs alter them or barks, check 
him by calling out to him, “ take heed.” If he 
points properly, caress him ; but you ought 
never to hunt without the cord until he points 
staunch. 
I he principal objects of this sport are, 1. 
Partridges, which pair in the spring, and lav 
their eggs (generally from 15 to 20) during 
Way and part of June. The young begin to 
fly about tire end of June, and their plumage 
is complete in the beginning of October. 
1 Jfe male has a conspicuous horse-shoe upon 
his breast, and an obtuse spur on the hinder 
part of the leg, which distinguishes him from 
the female. He is also rather larger. 
When a sportsman is shooting in a country 
where 1 he birds are thin, and he no longer 
chooses to range the field for the bare chance 
of meeting with them, the following method 
"'ill show him where to find them on another 
day. In the evening, from sun-set to night- 
fall, he should post himself in a field, at the 
foot of a tree or a bush, and there wait until 
the partridges begin to call or jack, which 
they always do at that time ; not onlv for 
the purpose of drawing together when sepa- 
rated, but also when the birds composing the 
covey are not dispersed. After calling in 
this manner for some little space of lime,, the 
partridges will take to flight; then, if he 
marks the place where they alight, he may- 
be assured they will lie there the whole night, 
unless disturbed. 
2. The pheasant lays its eggs generally in 
the woods, the number of which is ten or 
twelve. Pheasants are accounted stupid 
birds ; for when they are surprised they will 
frequently squat down like a rabbit, suppos- 
ing themselves to be in safety as soon as their 
heads are concealed; and in this way they 
will sometimes suffer themselves to be killed 
with a stick. r I hey love low and moist 
places, and haunt the edges of those pools 
which are found in woods, as well as the high 
grass of marshes that are near at hand ; and 
above all, places where there are clumps of 
alders. 
3. Grouse, or moor-game, are found in 
Wales, in the northern counties of England, 
and in great abundance in Scotland. They 
chiefly inhabit those mountains and moors 
which are covered with heath, and seldom 
descend to the low grounds. They fly in 
companies of four or five braces, and love to 
frequent mossy places, particularly in the 
middle .of the day, or when the weather is 
warm. In pursuing this game, when the 
pointer sets, and the sportsman perceives the 
birds running with their fields erect, he must 
run after them as fast as he can, in the hope 
that he may get near enough to shoot when 
ihey rise upon the wing; for he may be 
pretty certain they will not lie well that day. 
As these birds are apt to grow soon putrid, 
they ought to be drawn carefully the instant 
they are shot, and stuffed with heath; and if 
the feathers happen to be wetted, they must 
be wiped dry. 
4. The woodcock is a bird of passage; it 
commonly arrives about the end of October, 
and remains until the middle of March! 
Woodcocks are fattest in December and Ja- 
nuary, but from the end of February they 
are lean. At their arrival they drop any 
where, but afterwards take up their residence 
in copses of nine or ten years growth. They 
seldom, however, stay in one place longer 
than twelve or fifteen days. During the day 
they remain in those parts of the woods, 
where there are void spaces or glades, pick- 
ing up earth-worms and grubs from the fallen 
leaves. In the evening they go to drink and 
wash their bills at pools and springs, after 
which they repair to the open fields and 
meadows for the night. 
o. 1 he snipe is a bird of passage as well as 
the woodcock. In the month of November 
they grow fat. Snipes frequent springs, bogs, 
and marshy places, and generally fly against 
the wind. The slant and cross shots are 
rather difficult, as the birds are small and fly 
very quickly. The sportsman ought to look 
for them in the direction of the wind ; be- 
cause then they will fly towards him, and 
present a fairer mark. 
6. File wild duck also may In some measure 
be accounted a bird of passage, and arrives 
here in great flocks from the no- them coun- 
tries in the beginning of winter. Still, how- 
ever, a great many remain in our marshes 
and fens during the whole year, and breed. 
> I he wild duck differs little in plumage 
from the lame duck, but is easily distinguish- 
ed by its size, which is less; by the neck, 
which is more slender; by the foot, which is 
smaller; by the nails, which are more black; 
and above all, by the web of the foot, which 
is much liner and softer to the touch. 
In the summer season, when it is known 
that a team of young ducks are in a particular 
piece of water, and just beginning to fly, the 
sportsman is sure to find them early in the 
morning dabbling, at the edges of the pool, 
and amongst the long grass, and then he may 
get very near to them : it is usual also to find 
them in those places at noon. 
In the beginning of autumn almost every 
pool is frequented by teams of wild ducks, 
which remain there during the day, concealed 
in the rushes. If these pools are of small 
extent, two shooters, by going one on each 
siue, making a noise and throwing stones into 
the rushes, will make them fly up; and they 
will in this way frequently get shots, especi- 
ally it the pool is not broad, and contracts at 
one end. But the surest and most success- 
ful way, is to launch a small boat or trow on 
the pool, and to traverse the rushes by the 
openings which are found ; at the same time 
making as little noise as possible. In this 
manner the ducks will suffer the sportsmen to 
come sufficiently near them to shoot flying ; 
and it often happens that the ducks,* after 
having flown up, only make a circuit, return 
in a little time, and again alight upon the 
pool. I lien the sportsmen endeavour a se- 
cond time to come near them. If several 
shooters are in company, they should divide ; 
two should go in (lie boat, whilst the others 
spread themselves about the edge of the pool, 
in order to shoot the ducks in their flight. 
In pools which will not admit a trow, water- 
spaniels are absolutely necessary for this 
sport. 
In winter they may be found on the mar- 
gins of little pools ; and when pools and rivers 
are frozen up, they must be watched for in 
places where there are springs and waters 
which do not freeze. The sport is then 
much more certain, because the ducks are 
confined to these places in order to procure 
aquatic herbs, which are almost their only 
food at this period. 
SHORE. No word lias been used by 
mineralogists with less limitation than short. 
It was first introduced into mineralogy by 
Cronstedt, to denote any stone of a cokimnar 
form, considerable hardness, and a specific 
gravity lroni 3 to 3.4. This description ap- 
plied to a very great number of stones ; and 
succeeding mineralogists, though they made 
the word more definite in its signification, 
left it still so general, that under' the desig- 
nation of shori almost twenty distinct species 
of minerals were included. Mr. \V erner 
first defined the word shori precisely, and 
restricted it to one species of stones. * It oc- 
curs commonly in granite, gneiss, and other si- 
milar rocks ; often in mass, but very frequently 
crystallised. T he primitive form of its crys- 
tals is an ootuse rhomboid, the solid angle 
at the summit of which Is 139°, having rhom- 
bic faces, with angles of 1 1 4° 12' and 65° 43' : 
but it usually occurs in 3, 6, 8, 9, or 12 sided 
prisms, terminated by four or five-sided 
summits, variously truncated. 
Short., black. Colour black. Found in 
mass, disseminated and crystallized. Crys- 
tals three-sided prisms, having their lateral 
edges truncated. Sometimes terminating in 
a pyramid. Lateral faces of the prism stri- 
ated. A itreous. Fracture conclioidal. 
Opaque. Scratch grey. Feel cold. Spe- 
cific gravity from 3 to 3. It becomes electric 
by heat. W hen heated to redness, its colour 
becomes brownish red ; and at 127° Wedge- 
wood, it is converted into a brownish com- 
pact enamel. According to Wiegleb, it is 
composed of 
41.25 alumina 
34. 16 silica 
20.00 iron 
5.4l manganese 
100.82. 
Short, electric. This stone was first made 
known in Europe by specimens brought from 
Ceylon ; but it is now found frequently form- 
ing/ 1 part of the composition of mountains. 
It is sometimes in amorphous pieces, but 
much more frequently crystallized in three 
or. nine-sided -prisms, with four-sided sum- 
mits. 
Colour usually green ; sometimes brown, 
red, blue. Found in mass, in grains, and 
crystallized. Crystals three, six, or nine- 
sided prisms, variously truncated. Faces 
usually striated longitudinally. Its texture 
is foliated. Specific gravity 3. Colour 
brown, sometimes with a tint of green, blue, 
red, or yellow. When heated to 200° Fah- 
renheit, it becomes electric, one of the sum- 
mits negatively and the other positively. 
It reddens when heated, and is fusible per 
se, with white intumescence, into a white or 
grey enamel. According to Vauquelin, it is 
composed of 
40 silica 
39 alumina 
12 oxide of iron 
4 lime 
2.5 oxide of manganese 
SHORLITF, a stone which received its 
name fiom Mr. Klaproth, is generally found 
in oblong masses, which, when regular, are 
six-sided prisms, inserted in granite. Its 
