S T A 
S T A. 
From ear to ear measured across the face, 2 
fourths 5 parts and a half. 
Utmost thickness of the neck in front, 2 
fourths 1 part. 
From the pit between the clavicles to the left 
shoulder measured horizontally, 4 fourths 
4 parts. 
From the great trochanter of the left thigh to 
the most prominent part of the right thigh 
measured horizontally, 5 fourths 9 parts 
and one-half. 
Thickest part of the right thigh measured ho- 
rizontally across the middle of the rectus, 
3 fourths. 
Ditto of the left ditto continuing the same 
horizontal line, 2 fourths 8 parts. 
Right knee across the centre of the patella, 
1 fourth 10 parts ; left ditto, ditto. 
Thickest part of the calf of the right leg, 2 
fourths 1 part and a half; ditto of the left, 
2 fourths and a third of a part. 
Thinnest part of the ancle of the left leg, 1 
fourth 1 part and a fourth ; right, ditto. 
Thickest part of the ancles from the centre 
of bone to bone, 1 fourth 2 parts and 
three-fourths. 
Thickest part of the right foot from the joint 
at the root of the great toe, 1 fourth 9 
parts. 
Ditto, ditto of the left foot, 1 fourth 8 parts. 
From the head of the deltoid muscle to the 
tip of the right elbow measured within, in 
front, 6 fourths 2 parts. 
From the tip of the elbow to the centre of 
the ulna at the right wrist, 4 fourths 4 parts, 
and a half. 
From the head of the deltoid to the left el- 
bow, 5 fourths 9 parts and a half. 
Thickest part of the body from the most pro- 
minent part of the pectoral muscle before, 
to the most prominent part of the scapula, 
taken horizontally in profile, 4 fourths 10 
parts and a half. 
Narrowest part of the body measured just 
above the navel, 3 fourths 6 parts. 
Fl'Om the hollow of the thigh at the head of 
the rectus before, to the most prominent 
part of the glutaeus behind, 4 fourths 2 
parts. 
Thickest part of the right thigh measured be- 
low the glutasus, 3 fourths 5 parts and a 
half. 
Thickness of the right knee in profile from 
the centre of the patella to the hollow be- 
hind, 2 fourths 2 parts and a half. 
Thickest part of ttye calf of the right leg in 
profile, 2 fourths 2 parts; ditto above the 
ancle, 1 fourth 5 parts. 
Length of the right foot, 4 fourths 4 parts 
and three-fourths. 
Thickest part of the right arm from the bi- 
ceps to the triceps, 1 fourth 1 1 parts and 
one-third. 
Broadest part of the wrist from bone to bone, 
1 fourth 2 parts. 
Thickest part of the neck taken in profile, 2 
fourths. 
Far the greatest number of the so much 
admired Grecian statues lay, for a long series 
of years, buried under the ruins of Rome. 
The following is a brief account of the 
Discovery of several qf the most celebrated 
statues, or groups, in various parts oj 
Rome. 
I The equestrian statue of M. Aurelius 
was found on the Caelian hill, near the pre- 
sent church of St. John Lateran, in the pon- 
tificate of Sixtus IV. (1471 to 1484) who 
placed it in that area. About the year 1540 
it was removed to the capitol, under the di- 
rection of Michel Angelo. 
If. The torso of Hercules in the Vatican, 
was found in theCampo de Fiori, in the time 
of Julius If. 
III. The group of the Laoeoon was disco- 
vered in the vineyard of Gualtieri, near the 
baths of Titus, by Felix de Fred is, in 1512, 
as recorded on Ins tOmb in the church of 
Ara Cadi. 
IV. In the reign of Leo X: the Antinous, 
or Mercury according to Visconti, was found 
on the Esquiline hill, near the church of St. 
Martin. 
V. Leo was likewise successful in recover- 
ing from oblivion the Venus called de Medi- 
cis. It was found in the portico of Octavia, 
built by Augustus, near the Theatre of Mar- 
celius, in the modern PeScheria. Removed 
to the gallery at Florence by Cosmo III. 
in 1(176. 
VI. The colossal Pompey of the Spada 
palace, was found during the pontificate of 
Julius III. (1550 to 1555) near the church of 
St. Lorenzo in Damasco. 
VII. The Hercules, and the groupe of 
Dirce, Zethus, and Amphion, called “ II 
toro,” now at Naples, were dug up in the 
baths of Garacalla, and placed in the Farnese 
palace, about the middle of the sixteenth 
century. 
VII j. The Apollo Belvidere, and the Gla- 
diator of the Villa Borghese, were taken from 
under the ruins of the palace and gardens of 
Nero at Antium, 40 miles from Rome, when 
the Casino was made there by cardinal Borg- 
hese, during the reign of Paul V. (1605 to 
1621 ). 
IX. Soon afterward, the sleeping Faun, 
now in the Barberini palace, was found near 
the mausoleum of Hadrian. 
X. The Mirmillo Expirans, or Dying Gla- 
diator of the capitol, was dug up in the gardens 
of Sallust, on the Pincian hill, now the Villa 
Borghese : it was purchased by Benedict the 
14th, of cardinal Lodovisi. 
XI. The small Harpocrates and the Venus 
of the Capitol were found at Tivoli in the 
same reign. 
XII. The Meleager, once in the Picchini 
collection, now in the Vatican, was found 
near the church of St. Bibiena. 
STATUTE, in its general sense, signifies 
a law, ordinance, decree, &c. Statute, in 
our laws and customs, more immediately sig- 
nifies an act of parliament made by the three 
estates of the realm ; and such statutes are 
either public, of which the courts at West- 
minster must take notice, without pleading 
them ; or they are special and private, which 
last must be pleaded. It is held, that a pub- 
lic statute, made in affirmation of the com- 
mon law, extends to all times after the mak- 
ing thereof, although it mentions only a re- 
medy for the present ; and where a thing is 
given or granted by statute, all necessary in- 
cidents are at the same time granted with it. 
The most natural exposition of a statute is, 
to construe one part by another of the same 
statute, because that best expresses the intent 
of the makers ; also statutes, in -general, 
ought to be expounded in suppression of the 
mischiei, and tor the dvancement of the re- 
medy designed by any statute, vet so that 
10 ' 
S T A fir 
no innocent person may suffer or receive any 
damage thereby. It is held, that statutes 
will continue in force, though the records of 
them are destroyed. &c. But if a statute is ., 
against reason, or impossible to be perform- 
ed, the same is void of course. 
When a statute is repealed, all acts done 
under it, while it was in force, are good ; but 
if it is declared null, all these are void. Jenk. 
233., pi. 6. 
Where a statute, before perpetual, is conti- 
nued by an affirmative statute, tor a time, 
this does not amount to a repeal of it at the 
end of that time. Lord Raym. 397. 
Where two acts contradictory to each 
other, are passed in the same session, thg 
latter only shall take effect. 6 Mod. 287. 
Statute M erchan t, is a bond of record, 
acknowledged before one of the clerks of the 
statute merchant, and lord mayor of the city 
of London, or two merchants of the said city, 
for that purpose assigned, or before the mayor 
or warden of the town, or other discreet men 
for that purpose assigned. This recognizance 
is to be entered on a roll, which must be 
double, one part to remain with the mayor, 
and the other with a clerk, who shall \vrite 
with his own hand a bill obligatory, to which, 
a seal of the king for that purpose appointed, 
shall be affixed, together with the seal of the 
debtor. 2 Bac. Abr. 331. 
The design of this security was to promote 
and encourage trade, by providing a sure and 
speedy remedy for merchant-strangers, as 
well as natives, to recover their debts at the 
day assigned for payment. 
But though the statute-merchant seems 
first to be introduced, and wholly calculated, 
for the ease and benefit of merchants, as the 
name itself imports ; yet they were not long 
engrossed by them : for other men finding 
from their own observation, that they have 
much of the same nature with judgments in 
Westminster-hall, but obtained with less 
trouble and expence, out of regard to their 
own interest and quiet, easily fell into this 
way of contracting, and by degrees it came 
to be improved into a common assurance, as 
we find it at this day. Winch. 83. See Insu- 
rance. 
Statute Staple, is a bond of record, ac- 
knowledged before the mayor of the staple, 
in the presence of all or one of the constables. 
But now' statute staple, as well as statute mer- 
chant, are in a great measure become obso- 
lete. 
Statutes, or Statutes sessions, other- 
wise called petit sessions, are a meeting in 
every hundred, of all the shires in England, 
where by custom they have been used, 
whereto the constables and others, both house- 
holders and servants, repair for the debating 
of differences between masters and servants, 
the rating of servants’ wages, and bestowing 
such people in service, as being fit to serve, 
either refuse to seek or get masters. Stat. 5 
Eliz. c. 5. 
Stave, in music, the five horizontal and 
parallel lines on and betw een which the notes 
are plaeed. 
Guido, the great improver of the modem 
music, is said by some to have first used the 
stave ; but others give an earlier date to its 
introduction. Kircher affirms, that in the 
jesuil’s library at Messina he found a Greek 
manuscript of hymns more than seven hun- 
dred years old, in w’bich some of the music 
