STENOGRAPHY. 
sound come together,, without any vowel be- 
tweon them, only one is tube expressed ; but 
if a vowel or vowels intervene, both are to be 
written : only observe, if they are perpendi- 
cular, horizontal, or oblique lines, they must 
only be drawn a size longer than usual ; and 
characters with loops must have the size of 
their heads doubled. See Plate. 
Might is to be written mit, fight Jit, ma- 
chine, mashin, enough enufi, laugh laf, pro- 
[phet profit, physics Jisiks, through lhro\ fo- 
^ reign fioren, sovereign soveren, psalm saw, 
receipt reset, write rite, vv right rit, island 
[ Hand, knavery, raven/, temptation temta- 
' don, knife nifi, stick stik, thigh tin, honour 
\ onour, indictment inditement, acquaint 
aquaint, chaos kaos, Ac. 
Strength strenth, length lentil, friendship 
fire ns hip, connect comic, commandment, co- 
.manmnit, conjunct conjant, humble humle, 
lumber lumsr, slumber stumer, number mi- 
nin', exemplary exemlary, &c. 
Rocks rox, acts, ales or ax, facts falcs or 
i far, districts distriks, or distrix, affects 
' afieks or afix, afflicts ujiiks or aflix, conquer, 
kbnkr, &c. 
Letter leter, little litle, command comand, 
error eror, terror teror, & c. But in reman - 
, her, moment, sister, and such like words, 
where two consonants of the same name have 
an intervening vowel, both of them must be 
written. 
'1’hese four rules, with their examples, 
being carefully considered by the learner, 
will leave him in no doubt concerning the 
disposition and management of the conso- 
nants in this scheme of short-writing ; we shall 
therefore proceed to lay down rules for the 
application of the vowels with ease and expe- 
dition. 
1. Vowels, being only simple articulate 
sounds, though they are the connectives of 
consonants, and employed in every word and 
! every syllable, are not necessary to be in- 
serted in the middle of words; because the 
consonants, if fully pronounced, with the 
assistance of connection, will always discover 
. the meaning of a word, and make the writing 
perfectly legible. . 
2. If a vowel is not strongly accented in 
the incipient syllable of a word, or if it is 
mute in the final, it is likewise to be omitted ; 
because the sound of the incipient vowel is 
often implied in that of the first consonant, 
which will consequently supply its place. 
3. But if the vowel constitutes the first or 
last syllable of a word, or is strongly accent- 
ed at its beginning. or end, that vowel is con- 
tinually to be written. 
4. If a word begins or ends with two or 
more vowels, though separated, or when 
there is a coalition of vowels, as in diphthongs 
j and triphthongs, only one of them is to be ex- 
presses which must be that which agrees best 
with the pronunciation. 
5. In monosyllables, if they begin or end 
with a vowel, it is always to be inserted, un- 
less the vowel is e mute at the end of a word. 
Such are the general principles of this art ; 
in vindication and support of which it will 
be needless to offer any arguments, when it 
I is considered that brevity and expedition are 
the chief objects,, if consistent with legibility; 
and the subsequent specimens in the ortho- 
, graphy recommended, will, we hope, be suf- 
ficient to show that there Is no real deficiency 
! in the last-mentioned particular. 
VoL. II. 
Hewho md us mst.be etrnl, grt, nd mnptnt. 
It is ur dty, as rtnl bugs, to srv, lv, nd oby 
hm. A mn tht wd avd him, shd be srkmspk in 
al hs axns, nd ndvr wth al hs mt to pis evry 
bdy. 1 wd nt fnn any knxns wth a mn who 
lid no rgrd fr hmslf: nthr wd I blv a mn who 
lid 6ns tld me a li. Onrisofal thugs the 
mst df kit to prsrv ntrnshd ; nd whn ons 
nipchd, lk the chsty of a wmn, nvr shns wth 
its wntd lstr. Wth gd innrs, kmplsnsnd an esy 
pit adrs, mny mk a fgr in the wrl, whs mntl 
ablts wd skrsly hv rsd thm abv the rnk of a 
ftmn. Idins is the prnt of a thsnd msfrtns, 
wch ar nvr fit by the ndstrs : it is a pn nd a 
pnshmnt ofitslf, nd brngs wilt nd bgry in its 
ti n. Yrtu is the frst thng tht shd be rgrdd ; 
it is a rwrdof itslf; inks a mn rspktbl hr, nd 
wl mk hm etrnly hpy hrftr. Prd is a mst 
prnss psn, wch yt ws plntd by hvn in ur ntr, 
tors ur einlsn to imtt grt nd wrthy krktrs or 
axns, to xt in us a si fr wht is rt nd gst, nd a 
ldbl ndgnsn gnst oprsrs nd wrkrs of any laid 
ofnkty; in shrt, to mk us st a prpr vlu upn 
urslvs, nd dsps a wrthls flo, liu evr xltd. 'Ths 
fr prd is a vrtu, nd my gstlv.be kid a grtns of 
si. Bt prd, lk othr psns, gnrly fxs upn rug 
obgks, or is apld in rng prprsns. Hu kmn is 
it to se a rtch whm evry vs hs rndrd msrbl, 
nd evry fly kntmtbl, vlng hmslf on hs hi brth, 
nd bstng ths ilstrs nssttrs, of whm he nhrts 
ntling bt the nm or ttl ! nsstrs who if thy nu 
hm, wd dsn thr dpndnt wth kntmt. But al 
prd of ths srt is fly, wd evr to be avdd. 
As the whole of this art depends upon a 
regular method and a simple alphabet, we 
have not only endeavoured to establish the 
former on satisfactory principles, but have 
been careful to appropriate, according to the 
comparative frequency of their occurrence, 
such characters for the letters as, after re- 
peated trials and alterations, were conceived 
to be the best adapted for dispatch. 
The short-hand alphabet consists of 18 
distinct characters (viz. two for the vowels 
and the rest for the consonants) taken from 
lines and semicircular curves ; the formation 
and application of which we shall now ex- 
plain, beginning with the vowels. 
For the three first vowels, a, e, and i, a 
comma is appropriated in different positions ; 
and for the other three, o, a, and ?/, a point. 
The comma and point, when applied to a 
and o, is to be placed, as in the Plate, at the 
top of the next character ; when for e and u, 
opposite to the middle ; and when for i and 
y, at the bottom. 
This arrangement of the vowels is the most 
simple and distinct that can be easily imagin- 
ed. Places at the top, the middle, and the 
bottom of characters, which make three dif- 
ferent positions, are as easily distinguished 
from one another as any three separate cha- 
racters could be ; and a comma is made with 
the same facility as a point. 
Simple lines may be drawn four different 
ways; perpendicular, horizontal, and with an 
angle of about forty-five degrees to the right 
and left. An ascending oblique line to the 
right, which will be perfectly distinct from 
the rest when joined to any other character, 
may likewise be admitted. These charac- 
ters being the simplest in nature, are assigned 
to those five consonants which most fre- 
quently occur, viz. I, r, t, c hard or k, and c 
solt or s. 
Every circle may be divided with a per- 
pendicular and horizontal line, so as to form 
4 X 
713 
likewise four distinct characters. These being 
the next to lines in the simplicity of their for- 
mation, we have appropriated them for b, d, 
n, and m. 
The characters expressing nine of the con- 
sonants are all perfectly distinct from one an- 
other ; eight only remain which are needful, 
viz. fig, or j, h, p, q, r, zv, and x, to find 
characters for which we must have recourse 
to mixed curves and lines. The characters 
which we have adopted are the simplest in 
nature after those already applied, admit of 
the easiest joining, and tend to preserve line- 
ality and beauty in the Writing. 
it must be observed that we have no cha- 
racter for c when it has a hard sound, as ire 
castle ; or soft, as in city ; for it naturally 
takes the sound of /cor s, which in ail cases 
will be sufficient to supply its place. 
R likewise is represented by the same cha- 
racter as l ; only with this difference, r is 
written with such an ascending stroke 
and/ with a descending; which is always to 
be known from the manner of its union with 
the following character ; but in a few mono- 
syllables, where r is the only consonant in the 
word, and consequently stands alone, it is to 
be made as is shown in the alphabet for dis- 
tinction’s sake. 
Z, as it is a letter seldom employed in the 
English language, and only a coarser and 
harder expression of s, must be supplied by s 
whenever it occurs ; as for Zedckiuh, write 
Sedekiah, &c. 
The prepositions and terminations in this 
seheme are so simple, that the greatest be- 
nefit may be reaped from them, and very 
little trouble required to attain them; as the 
incipient letter or the incipient consonant of 
ail the prepositions, and of several of the ter- 
minations, is used to express the whole. But 
although in the Plate sufficient specimens 
are given of the manner of their application, 
that the learner of less ingenuity or more 
slow perception may have every assistance, 
we have subjoined the following directions : 
1. The preposition is always to be written 
without joining, yet so near as plainly to show 
what word it belongs to ; and the best way is 
to observe the same order as if the whole was 
to be connected. 
2. A preposition, though the same letters 
that constitute it may be met with in the 
middle or end of a word, is never to be used, 
because it would expose it to obscurity. 
3. Observe that the preposition omni is 
expressed by the vowel o in its proper posi- 
tion ; and for anti, anta, ante, by the vowel 
a, which the radical part of the word will 
easily distinguish from being only simple 
vowels. 
The first rule for the prepositions is (allow- 
ing such exceptions as may be seen in the 
Plate) to be observed for ihe terminations ; 
and also the second mutatis mutandis, except 
that whenever sis, sus, sys, cious, tious , and 
ceSf occur, they are to be expressed as di- 
rected in the fourth rule for the consonants, 
whether in the beginning, middle, or end of 
words. 
4. The terminative character for don, si on , 
cion , cian, turn, is to be expressed by a small 
circle joined to the nearest letter, and turned 
to the right; and the plurals, dons, sions, 
cions, dans, dans, deuce, by a dot on the 
same side. 
