SUE 
•mail road branching off. On the right hand, 
the off-set is 30, which, with + 40, goes to the 
extent of a small nook, that is 40 links broad 
also. At 300, on the left, is an off-set of 20, 
and, on the right, another of 2,5 ; where also is 
a gate to be noticed — At 760 is an off-set on 
the (eft of 15 ; and, on the right, one of 35, 
where a small road-way branches off. All Which 
.oil-sets are to be pricked off as you go on. 
Draw the boundary-lines through these off-set 
I points; and thus the lirst station will be com- 
pleted. 
Day, now, the parallel ruler from the centre 
| to the angular point of 0 2: move the limb of 
the parallel ruler, until it touches the end of the 
last station ; from whence draw another obscure 
line, from the north, easterly, as noted in the 
field-book. 
Apply the edge of the scale as before, and 
prick off the numbers 30, 200, and 265.— -At 30 
links is a toll-gate, where the off-sets are 15 and 
§30. — At 200, the off-sets are 15 and 25 ; where, 
tin the right hand, is a short line of hedge of 30 
links,- and also a lane of 30 links broad, going 
efr at an acute angle. — At 265, the end of this 
(station, the off-sets are 30 and 10. 
j Lay off the line from © 3, as before directed, 
north-easterly. — Prick off the numbers 20 and 
29:5. Opposite 20 is a hedge branching off to 
:the left — At 293 the off-sets are 35 and 5. 
From © 4 lay off the line north-easterly, and 
r^ck ok the numbers on that line, as they ap- 
pear in the field-book, and make the off-sets as 
follow, viz. At 120 set off 15 and 20. At 410 
are 30 and 15, where two hedges branch off 
nearly in the direction of the side sketches. At 
yfSO the off-sets are 25 and 5, where is a cross 
hedge on the left. At 150, on the left, is 30 -f 15 
with a cross hedge ; on the right is 10. At 1050, 
cm the left, is 20 with a cross hedge, and 20 on 
the right. At 1150, on the right, is 20 -}- 20, 
where stands a house. At 1800, on the left, is 
5 with a cross hedge ; on the right is 30 with a 
road branching from thence. — 1350 completes 
this line. 
At 0 5 the work takes another direction, and 
goes backwards towards the west. Lay the ruler 
from the centre to this station, and draw the ob- 
scure line in the direction mentioned. Prick off 
the distances and off-sets as in the field-book. 
Here we have off-sets on one side only, not being 
pow in a road-way. 
At 0s 6, 7, and 8, set off the lines south-west- 
erly, and prick oil' the distances and off-sets, as 
in the field-book, 
At 30, in © 9, a hedge was crossed ; as also at 
990 and 1040. 
: Station 10 still bears west of the south ; at the 
end of which we again come into a road-way. 
I But at © 11, the direction of the line bears 
&bove the south, towards the east; as does that 
^Iso of © 12. 
At the end of this station, the work comes to 
1 close at © 1. 
1 After having thus plotted his wprk, the mea- 
mrer will have to draw another line, for the 
true meridian, to the eastward of the former, 
jccording to the variation of the magnetic nee- 
Ile, where the estate lies. — On tbrs true meri- 
lian line he must place a jleur as Us , or some 
Jther device, as a north point. — He will also 
»ave to give a title to his map ; to draw a scale 
*f the proportion he has plotted by ; and to 
jive the whole a border. 
After this circuit is plotted off, the measurer 
dust fill up the interior by measuring with the 
hain, and lay each field down in its proper 
feuation and dimensions on the plan. 
J Having thus a prototype of the estate on pa- 
>er, he may draw such measuring-lines on his 
[lan as will enable him to calculate the content 
1 each field separately. 
[.SURVIVORSHIP. See Life Annui- 
B.fcii, 
s u s 
sus 
r5# 
SUS, hog, a genus of quadrupeds, of the 
order belluas. The generic character is, 
front teeth in the upper jaw four, converging, 
in the lower jaw six, projecting ; canine 
teeth, or tusks, in the upper jaw two, rather 
short; in the lower jaw two, long, exserted; 
snout truncated, prominent, moveable; feet 
cloven. r i his genus is in some points of an 
ambiguous nature, being allied to the pecora, 
by its cloven hoofs, and to the fera, in some 
degree, by its teeth ; yet differing widely 
from both in many respects. The internal 
structure ot the feet also approaches to that 
of the digitated quadrupeds, while that of 
some other parts is peculiar to this genus 
alone. It may, therefore, be allowed to form 
at once a link between the cloven-footed, the 
whole-hoofed, and the digitated quadrupeds. 
1. Sus scrofa, common hog .The wild boar, 
the stock or original of the common domestic 
hog, is a native of almost all the temperate 
parts both of Europe and Asia, and is also 
found in the upper parts of Africa. It is a 
stranger to the arctic regions, and is not in- 
digenous to the British isles. 
The wild boar inhabits woods, living on 
various kinds of vegetables, viz. roots, mast, 
acorns, & c. &c. It also occasionally devours 
animal food. It is, in general, considerably 
smaller than the domestic hog, and is of a 
dark brinded grey colour, sometimes black- 
ish ; but when only a year or two old, is of a 
pale rufous or dull yellowish brown cast ; and 
when quite young, is marked by alternate 
dusky and pale stripes disposed longitudinally 
on each side the body. Between the bristles, 
next the skin, is a finer or softer hair, of a 
kind of woolly or curling nature. The snout 
is somewhat longer in proportion than that of 
the domestic animal; but the principal dif- 
ference is in the superior length and size of 
the tusks, which are often several inches 
long, and are capable of inflicting the most 
severe and fatal wounds. 
I he hunting of the wild boar forms one of 
the amusements of the great in some parts of 
Germany, Poland, &c. and is a chace of some 
difficulty and danger ; not on account of the 
swiftness, but the ferocity of the animal. 
As the wild boar advances in age, after the 
period of three or four years, he becomes less 
dangerous, on account of the growth of his 
tusks, which turn up, or make so large a curve 
or flexure, as often rather to impede than as- 
sist his intentions of wounding with them. 
To describe particularly the common or 
domestic hog would be superfluous. It may 
be sufficient to observe, that this animal prin- 
cipally differs from the wild boar in size, in 
having smaller tusks, and larger ears, which 
are also somewhat pendant, and of a more 
pointed form. Of all quadrupeds the hog is 
the most gross in his manners, and has there- 
fore been pretty uniformly considered in all 
nations as the emblem of impurity. The Jews 
were strictly enjoined not to eat its flesh ; and 
in many parts of the world, a' similar prohi- 
bition is still in force ; since the Mahometans 
agree in this respect with the Mosaic institu- 
tion. In most parts of Europe, on the con- 
trary, it constitutes a principal part of the food 
of mankind. This animal is of a remarkably 
prolific nature, being sometimes known to 
produce as many as twenty at a birth. 
The hog was unknown in America, on the 
discovery of that continent ; hut since its in- 
3 
troduction, appears to flourish there as much 
as in the old world. r I he varieties into which 
the hog occasionally runs, chiefly relate to 
size and colour. r I hat called the Chinese hog 
is of a very small size, with a remarkably 
pendulous belly : its colour is commonly black, 
and the skin often nearly bare, or less hairy 
than in the European kinds. 
The variety culled the Guinea hog is dis- 
tinguished by having a smaller head than the 
common hog, with long, slender, sharp-pointed 
ears, and naked tail reaching to the ground. 
Its colour is rufous, and its hair softer, shorter, 
and finer than in other kinds. It is said to be 
most common in Guinea, and is - considered 
by Linnaeus as a distinct species, under the 
title of sus porcus. 
But the most remarkable variety of the hog 
is that in which the hoofs are entire and un- 
divided. This is a mere accidental variety, 
which is, however, observed to be more com- 
mon in some countries than in others, and is, 
according to Linnaeus, not unfrequent in the 
neighbourhood of Upsal in Sweden. It has 
been noticed by Aristotle and Pliny, and is 
said by the former to have been most’eommon 
in Illyria and Paeonia. 
The age of (he domestic hog is said to 
extend from fifteen to twenty-five years, or 
even more. 
2. Sus Ethiopicus, .Ethiopian hog. This 
animal is very, much allied in ils general ap- 
pearance to thecommonhog, but is distinguish- 
ed by a pair of large, flat, semicircular lobes 
or wattles, placed beneath the eyes : the snout 
is also ot a much broader form, and is very 
strong and callous: the ears are large, and 
very slightly pointed : the tusks in the lower 
jaw are rather small ; but those- in the upper 
jaw are large, sharp, curved, and in the old 
animal bend upwards in a semicircular manner 
towards the forehead: there are no fore 
teeth ; their place being supplied by very hard ■ 
gums : the skin of the face, immediately be- 
low the eyes, or above the broad lobe's be- 
fore-mentioned, is loose and wrinkled, and on 
each side the corners of the mouth is a callous 
protuberance. The bodv is of a strong form ; 
the tail slender, slightly flattened, and thinly 
covered with scattered hairs. The general 
colour ofthe whole animal is a dusky or black- 
ish brown. 
This species is a native of the hotter parts 
of Africa, occurring from Sierra Leona to 
Congo, and to within about two hundred 
leagues of the Cape of Good Hope. It also 
occurs in the island of Madagascar. 
It is a fierce and dangerous animal, and is 
said to reside principally in subterraneous re- 
cesses which it digs with its nose and hoofs. 
When attacked or pursued, it rushes on its 
adversary with great force ; and strikes, like 
the common boar, with its tusks, which are 
capable of inflicting the most tremendous 
wounds, 
3. Sus Africanus, Cape Vertl hog. The 
Cape Verd hog has been generally confounded 
with the former animal, from 'which, how- 
ever, it appears to differ very considerably ; 
having a head of a much longer and slenderer 
form, with the upper jaw extending beyond 
the lower. In the upper jaw are also' two 
cutting teeth, and six in the lower : the tusks 
are very large and thick, but those of the lower 
jaw much larger than those of the upper : 
the ears are rather narrow, pointed, and tuftci 
