TAB 
d it into a fourth on each side, and a tone 
he middle. This system did not, how- 
>, continue long confined to so few 
ids. Chorebus, son of Athis, king of 
iia, as Boetius informs vis, added a fifth 
jrd ; Hyagnis a sixth ; Serpander a seventh, 
{equal the number of the planets ; and 
bhaon an eighth. But Pliny gives a dif- 
tnt account of the progression of the an- 
bt system : according to that writer. Ter- 
rier added three chords to the tetrachord, 
1 was the lirst who used the cithara with 
In chords; Simonidesjoinedto it an eighth, 
1 Timotheus a ninth. 
Whichever of these accounts may be the 
^ the nineteenth letter of our alpha-' 
■ ? bet. 
In abbreviations, amongst the Roman vvrit- 
s, T. stands for Titus, Titius, &c. Tab. for 
abularius ; Tab. P. Id. C. Tabu lari us pro- 
ncis Qispanis citerioris; Tar. Tarquinius; 
i. Tiberius ; Ti. F. Tiberii filius ; Ti. L. 
|berii libertus; Ti. N. Tiberii Nepos; T. 
A. V r , P. V. D. tempora judicem arbi- 
unve postulat ut del; T. M, P. terminum 
osuit ; T M. D D. terminum dedicavit ; 
r. trails, tribunus ; Tr. M. or Mil. tribunus 
lilitum ; T R. P L. D E S. tribunus plebis 
Isignatus; T R. A E R. tribunus aerarii ; 
’ll V. CAP. triumviri capitales ; T. R. 
r L'RIB. POT. tribunicia potestata; Tub 
I. Tullus Hostilius. 
1 Amongst the antients, T. as a numeral, 
;ood for one hundred and sixty : and with a 
Ush at top, thus T, it signified one hundred 
tid sixty thousand. In music, T stands for 
utti, all, or altogether. 
TABANUS, a genus of insects of the or- 
[er diptera. The generic character is, mouth 
ormed into a fleshy proboscis, terminated by 
wo lips ; rostrum furnished with two pointed 
►alpi, placed on each side of, and parallel 
o, the proboscis. There are 53 species. 
| The largest of the British species is the ta- 
janus bovimis of Li imams, having the ap- 
learance. of a very large grey or pale-brown 
ly, often measuring near an inch in length, 
tnd marked down the back by a series of 
arge, whitish, triangular spots, pointing 
lownwards ; on each side also is an approach 
ilso to a similar appearance, though less dis- 
.inct than that of the dorsal row. This in- 
leyt, like the rest of the genus, is seen dor- 
mo; the middle and the decline of summer; 
generally in the hottest part of the day. It 
s extremely troublesome to cattle, piercing 
their skin with the lancets of its trunk, and 
sucking its blood in such a manner as to 
cause considerable pain. It proceeds from a 
large dusky-yellowish larva, nearly resem- 
bling that of a tipula, and marked by trans- 
verse blackish streaks or rings ; it resides 
under ground in moist meadows, &c. and 
changes to a cylindric brownish chrysalis, 
with a roundish V very slightly pointed ex- 
TAB 
true one, it seems pretty certain that the 
system of the Gre eks was gradually extended, 
both upward and downward; and that it at- 
tained and even exceeded the limits of the 
bis diapason, or double octave, an extent 
which they called systema perfectum, maxi- 
mum, i mmestatum, the great system, the 
perfect system. 
This entire system was composed of four 
tetrachords, three conjoint and one disjoint, 
and the chord called proslambanomenos, 
which was added below these tetrachords to 
complete the double octave. 
This general system of the Greeks remain- 
ed nearly ia this state till the eleventh cen- 
T. 
tremity ; out of which, in the space of a 
month, proceeds the perfect insect. See Plate 
Nat. Hist. hg. 388. 
2. Tabanus tropicus is of a smaller size 
than the preceding, and of a brown colour, 
with the sides of the abdomen bright ferru- 
ginous. It is a less common species than the 
former. 
3. Tabanus pluvialis is of the size of a win- 
dow-fly, but of a somewhat longer shape in 
proportion ; it is of a dull brown colour, 
with the wings* of a similar cast, but marbled 
or variegated with very numerous whitish 
specks : this is a very troublesome insect 
during the latter part of summer, fastening 
on the legs, hands, & c. and causing consider- 
able pain by the puncture of its proboscis : 
it is observed to be peculiarly teasing on tire 
approach of rain. 
4. Tabanus caecutiens is an insect of singu- 
lar beauty. It is of the size of a common 
window-fly, and of a vellowish-brown colour 
varied with back ; the wings are transparent, 
and marked by large black bands or patches, 
and the eyes are of the most vivid os lucid 
green, marbled with black spots and streaks. 
It is by no means uncommon during the au- 
tumnal" season. 
TABBY, in commerce, a kind of rich silk, 
which lias undergone the operation of tabby- 
ing. See the next article. 
TABBYING, the passing a silk or stuff 
through a calender, the rolls of which are made 
of iron or copper, variously engraven ; which 
bearing unequally on the stuff, renders the 
surface unequal, so as to reflect the rays of 
light differently, making the representation 
of waves thereon. 
TABELLA, tablet. See Pharmacy. 
TABERNiEMONTANA, a genus of 
plants of the class of pentandria, and order 
of monogynia ; and in the natural system ar- 
ranged under the 30th order, contortae. 
There are two horizontal folioles, and the 
.seeds are immersed in pulp. There are 19 
species, all of foreign growth. 
TABES dorsalis. See Medicine. 
TABLE, in perspective, denotes a plane 
surface, supposed to be transparent, and per- 
pendicular to the horizon. It is always ima- 
5 D 3 
T A C 70 3 
tury, when Guido made a considerable 
change, by adding a new chord below, which 
he called hypoproslambanomenos ; • also a 
fifth tetrachord above, or tetrachord of the 
sur-sharp ; and substituting hexachords in the 
place of the antient tetrachords. Since tiie 
time of Guido, the general system has again 
been greatly extended, and divided into oc- 
taves; which has long been adopted through- 
out Europe, and which the ear certainly re- 
cognises as the most natural of all possible 
partitions of the great scale of sounds. 
SYSTOLE. See Anatomy. 
SYZYGY. See Astronomy. 
gined to be placed at a certain distance be- 
tween the eye and the objects, for the ob- 
jects to be represented thereon by means of 
the visual rays passing from every point 
thereof through the table to the eye ; whence 
it is called perspective-plane. 
Tables, laws of the twelve, were the first 
laws of the Romans; thus called either be- 
cause the Romans then wrote with a style oa 
thin wooden tablets covered with wax, or 
rather, because they were engraven on tables, 
or plates of copper, to be exposed in the 
most noted part of the public forum. After 
the expulsion of the kings, as the Romans 
were then without any fixed or certain sys- 
tem of law, at least had none ample enougk 
to comprehend the various cases that might 
fall between particular persons, it was re- 
solved to adopt the best and wisest laws of 
the Greeks. One Ilermodorus was first ap- 
pointed to translate them, and the decemviri 
afterwards compiled and reduced them into 
ten tables. After much care and application* 
they were at length enacted and confirmed 
by the senate and an assembly of the people, 
in the year of Rome 303. The following 
year they found something wanting in them, 
which they supplied from the laws of the 
former kings of Rome, and from certain cus- 
toms which long use had authorised ; all these 
being engraven on two other tables made the 
law of the twelve tables, so famous in the 
Roman jurisprudence, the source and founda- 
tion of the civil or Roman law. 
'Table, among the jewellers. A table- 
diamond, or other precious stone, is that 
whose upper surface is quite flat, and only the 
sides cut in angles; in whioh sense a dia- 
mond cut tablewise, is used in opposition to 
a rose-diamond. 
Table, in mathematics, systems of num- 
bers calculated to be ready at hand for the 
expediting astronomical, geometrical, and 
other operations : thus we say tables of the 
stars ; tables of sines, tangents, and secants ; 
tables of logarithms, rhumbs, &c. sexagenary 
tables. 
TACAMAlIACA. See Pofulus, and 
Resins. 
TACCA, a genus of the class and order 
hexandria monogynia. The cal. is six-part* 
