TEN 
TER 
: the hazard-side, or any particular one or more 
of them. 
These are’ the common kind of odds or 
advantages given ; but there are many others, 
which are ac cording to what is agreed by the 
players; such as playing with board against 
racket, crick et-bat against racket, &c. 
The game of tennis is also played by four 
persons, two partners on each side. In this 
case, they are generally confined to their 
particular quarters, and one of each side ap- 
pointed to serve and strike out ; in every 
other respect, the game is played in the 
same manner as when two only play. 
Any thing more to be said upon this sub- 
ject would be needless, as nothing can be 
recommended, after reading this short ac- 
count of tennis, but practice and attention, 
without which no one can become a profi- 
cient at the game. 
TENON, in building, &c. the square end 
of a piece of wood, or metal, diminished by 
one-third of its thickness, to be received into 
a hole in another place, called a mortise, for 
jointing or fastening the two together. It is 
made in various forms, square, dove-tailed, 
for double mortises, &c. 
TENOR, of writs, records, &c. is the sub- 
stance or purport of them, or a transcript or 
copy. 
Tenor, in music, the second of the four 
parts in harmonical composition, reckoning 
from the bass. The tenor is the part most 
accommodated to the common voice of man; 
from which circumstance it has sometimes, 
by way of preference, been called “ the hu- 
man voice.” Its general compass extends 
from C above G gamut to G the treble-cliff 
note. 
The tenor was formerly the plain-song, or 
principal part in a composition, and derived 
the name of tenor from tire Latin word teneo, 
I hold; because it held or sustained the air, 
point, substance, or meaning, of the whole 
cantus, and every part superaddedto it was 
considered but as its auxiliary. It appears 
that the contrary practice of giving the air to 
the soprano, or treble, had its rise in the 
theatre, and followed the introduction of evi- 
rati into musical performances; since which 
it has been universally adopted both in vocal 
and instrumental music. 
Tenor-cliff, the name given to the C 
Cliff when placed on the fourth line of the 
stave. See Cliff. 
Tenor Violin, or Viola, a stringed in- 
strument resembling the violin, but lower in 
its scale, having its lowest note in C above G 
gamut. In concert this instrument takes the 
part next above the bass. 
TENSE, time, in grammar, an inflection 
of verbs, whereby they are made to signify 
or distinguish the circumstance of time, in 
svhat they affirm. 
TENSION, the state of a thing stretched. 
Thus animals sustain and move themselves 
by the tension of their muscles and nerves. 
A chord or string gives an acuter or deeper 
sound, as it is in a greater or less degree of 
tension, that is, more or less stretched or 
• tightened. 
TENT, in surgery, a roll of lint worked 
into the shape of a nail, with a broad flat 
head. See Surgery. 
TENTER, a railing used in the cloth-ma- 
jiufacture, to stretch out the pieces of cloth, 
TEN 
stuff, &c. or only to make them even, and set 
them square. It is usually about four feet 
and a half high, and for length exceeds that 
of the longest piece of doth. It consists of 
several long pieces of wood, placed so that 
the lower cross-piece of wood may be raised 
or lowered, as is found ‘requisite, to be fixed 
at any height, by means of pins. Along the 
cross-pieces, both the upper and under one, 
are hooked nails, called tenter-hooks, driven 
in from space to space. 
TENTH REDO, a genus of insects of the 
order hymenoptera : the generic character 
is, mouth with jaws, without proboscis ; wings 
flat, swelled or slightly inflated ; piercer con- 
sisting of two serrated and scarcely project- 
ing laminae; seutellum with two distant gra- 
nules. The larvae of the genus tenthrecio are 
remarkable for their great resemblance to 
those of the order lepidoptera or real cater- 
pillars, from which however they may in ge- 
neral be readily distinguished by their more 
numerous feet, which are never fewer than 
sixteen, exclusive of the three first or thoracic 
pairs. When disturbed or handled, they 
usually roil themselves into a flat spiral. 
T hey feed, like the caterpillars of the lepi- 
doptera, on the leaves of plants, and undergo 
their chrysalis state in a strong gummy case 
or enveiopement, prepared in autumn, out of 
which in the ensuing spring emerges the 
complete insect. 
The tenthredines form a numerous genus, 
and may be divided into tribes or sections, 
according to the form of the antennae, which 
are in some clavated, in others filiform, &c. 
Among the principal species may be num- 
bered the tenthredo lutea of Linnaeus, which 
proceeds from a large green larva, of a finely 
granulated surface, with a double row of 
black specks -along eacli side, and a dusky 
dorsal line bounded on each by yellow : it 
feeds on various species of willow, &c. The 
parchment-iike case in which it envelops it- 
self in autumn is of a pale yellowish-brown 
colour, and the chrysalis, which is of a pale 
dusky or brownish cast, exhibits the limbs of 
the future fly, which is equal in size to a com- 
mon wasp, and is of a yellow colour, barred 
with black : the antennae rather short, and 
strongly clavated. 
The tenthredo amerinaeof Linnaeus is some- 
what smaller than the preceding, and of a 
cinereous-brown colour, with the under part 
of the abdomen rufous or dull orange: like 
the former, its caterpillar is of a green colour, 
and of a finely roughened surface powdered 
with numerous whitish specks. 
The larvae of the smaller tenthredines are 
often very injurious to different kinds of escu- 
lent vegetables, as turnips, &c. &c. There 
are nearly 200 species of this insect. 
TENTHS, that yearly portion or tribute 
which ail ecclesiastical livings antiently paid 
to the king. See First Fruits. 
TENURE, the manner whereby lands or 
tenements are holden, or the service that the 
tenant owes to his lord. Under the word te- 
nure is included every holding of an inherit- 
ance; but the signification of this word, 
which is a very extensive one, is usually re- 
strained by coupling other words with it : this 
is sometimes done by words which denote 
the duration of the tenant’s estate; as if a 
man holds to himself and his heirs, it is 
called tenure in fee-simple. At oilier times 
the tenure is coupled with words pointing 
m 
out the instrument by which an inheritance is 
held: thus, if the holding is by copy of court- 
roll, it is called tenure by copy of court-roll. 
At other times, this word is coupled with 
others that shew the principal service by 
which an inheritance is held: as wherA a man 
held by knight’s service, it is called tei J eby 
knight’s service. 5 Bac. Abr. 34. n 
'1ERAMNUS, a genus of the diadeiphia 
deeandria class and order of plants : the keel 
is very small, concealed within the calyx ; 
stamina alternate, five, barren; stigma sessile, 
headed. There are two species, creeping 
plants of Jamaica. 
TEREBELLA, a genus of vermes mol- 
lusca. The generic character is, body oblong, 
creeping, naked, often enclosed in a tube 
furnished with lateral tufts and branchiae ; 
mouth placed before, furnished with lips, 
without teeth, and protending a clavate pro- 
boscis ; feelers numerous, ciliate, capillary, 
seated round the mouth. There are eleven 
species. 
TEREDO, in natural history, a genus of 
vermes belonging to the order of testacea. 
The animal is a terebella; there are two 
valves, calcareous, hemispherical, and cut off 
before, and two lanceolated. The shell is 
tapering, bending, and capable of penetrat- 
ing wood. There are only three species, 
the navalis, utriculis, and clava. See Plate 
Nat. Hist. fig. 394. 
The navalis, or ship -worm, which has a 
very slender smooth cylindrical shell, inhabits 
the Indian seas, whence it was imported into 
Europe. It penetrates easily into the stoutest 
oak-planks, and produces dreadful destruction 
to the ships by the holes it makes in their 
sides ; and it is to avoid the effects of this in- 
sect that vessels require sheathing. 
The head of this creature is well prepared 
by nature for the hard offices which it has to 
undergo, being coated with a strong armour, 
and furnished with a mouth like that of the 
leech, by which it pierces wood as that ani- 
mal does the skin. A little above this it has 
two horns which seem a kind of continuation 
of the shell ; the neck is as strongly provided 
for the service of the creature as the head, 
being furnished with several strong muscles ; 
the rest of the body is only covered by a very 
thin and transparent skin, through which the 
motion of the intestines is plainly seen by the 
naked eye; and by means of the microscope 
several other very remarkable particulars be- 
come visible there. This creature is wonder- 
fully minute when newly excluded from the 
egg ; but it grows to the length of four or six 
inches, and sometimes more. 
When the bottom of a vessel, or any piece 
of wood which is constantly under water, is 
inhabited by these worms, it is full of small 
holes; but no damage appears till the outer 
parts are cut away: then their shelly habita- 
tions come into view ; in which there is a large 
space for inclosing the animal, and surround- 
ing it with water. There is an evident care 
in these creatures never to injure one an- 
other’s habitations, by which means each case 
or shell is preserved entire ; and in such 
pieces of wood as have been found eaten by 
them into a sort of honeycomb, there never 
is seen a passage or communication between 
any two of the shells, though the woody 
matter between them often is not thickerthaii 
a piece of writing-paper. They penetrate 
some kinds of wood more easily than others. 
