THE 
THE 
1766 the whole tea imported into Europe 
from China amounted to 17 millions of pounds; 
in 1785 it was computed to be about 19 mil- 
lions of pounds. 
In this country teas are generally divided 
into three kinds of green, and five of bohea: 
the former are, 1. Imperial or bloom tea, with 
a large loose leaf, light-green colour, and a 
faint delicate smell. 2. Hyson, so called from 
the name of the merchant who first imported 
it ; the leaves of which are closely curled and 
small, of a green colour, verging to a blue: 
3. Singlo tea, from the name of the place where 
it is cultivated. The boheas are, 1. Souchong, 
which imparts a yellow-green colour by infu- 
sion. 2. Camho, so called from the place 
where it is made; a fragrant tea, with a violet 
smell ; its infusion pale. 3. Congo, which has 
a larger leaf than the preceding, and its in- 
fusion somewhat deeper, resembling common 
bohea in the colour of the leaf* 4. Pekoe tea ; 
tins is known by the appearance of small 
white flowers mixed with it. 5. Common 
bohea, whose leaves are of one colour. There 
are other varieties, particularly a kind of green 
tea, done up in roundish balls, called gun- 
powder tea. 
THEATINES, a religious order in the 
Romish church, so called from their principal 
founder John Peter Caraffa, then bishop of 
Theate, or Chieti, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and afterwards pope, under the name of Paul 
IV. 
THEFT, in law, an unlawful felonious tak- 
ing away another man’s moveable and perso- 
nal goods, against the owner’s will, with in- 
tent to steal them. It is divided into theft or 
larceny, properly so called, and petit theft, or 
petit larceny ; the former whereof is of goods 
above the value of 12 d. and is deemed felony ; 
the other, which is of goods under that value, 
is not felony. See the articles Felony and 
Larceny. 
THEFTBOTE, t he receiving a man’s goods 
again from a thief, or other amends, by way 
of composition, and to prevent prosecution, 
that the felon may escape unpunished ; the 
punishment whereof is fine and imprison- 
ment. 
THELIGONUM, a genus of plants of 
the class moncecia, and order polyandria ; and 
in the natural system ranging under the 53d 
order, scabrida:. The male calyx is bifid ; 
there is no corolla ; the stamina are generally 
12. The female calyx is also bifid ; there is 
no corolla ; only one pistil ; the capsule is co- 
riaceous unilocular, and monospermous. 
There is only one species, the cynocrambe, 
which is indigenous in the south of Europe. 
THEOBROMA, a genus of plants of the 
class polyadelphia, and order decandria ; and 
in the natural system ranging under the 37th 
order, coliimnifera;. The calyx is triphyl- 
lous; the petals, which are five in number, 
are vaulted and two-horned ; the nectarium 
is pentaphyllous and regular; the stamina 
grow from the nectarium, each having five 
anthers, see Plate Nat. Hist. fig. 402. There 
is one species, viz. 
The cacao, or chocolate-tree, which we 
shall describe in the words of Dr. Wright: 
“ In all the French and Spanish islands and 
settlements in the warmer parts of America 
the chocolate-tree is carefully cultivate d 
This was formerly the case also in Jamaica 
THE 
but at present we have only a few straggling 
trees lett as monuments of our indolence and 
bad policy. This tree delights in shady places 
and deep valleys. It is seldom above 20 feet 
high. 'I he leaves are oblong, large, and 
pointed. The flowers spring from the trunk 
and large branches ; they are small, and pale 
red. I he pods are oval and pointed. The 
seeds or nuts are numerous, and curiously 
stowed in a white pithy substance. The co- 
coa-nuts being gently parched in an iron pot 
over the lire, the external covering separates 
easily. The kernel is levigated on a smooth 
stone ; a little arnotto is added, and with a 
lew drops of water is reduced to a mass, and 
formed into rolls 'of one pound each. This 
simple preparation of chocolate is the most 
natural, and the best. It is in daily use in 
most families in Jamaica, and seems well 
adapted for rearing of children.” 
I HEODOLITE, a mathematical instru- 
ment much used in surveying, for the taking 
of angles, distances, &c. 
It is made variously, several persons hav- 
ing their several ways of contriving it, each 
supposed to he more simple and portable, or 
more accurate and expeditious, than others. 
The following is a description of one of the 
most useful, and for a more particular ac- 
count of some of its peculiar parts we refer to 
the article Level: The three staves, see 
Plate Miscel. fig. 236, whereby it is supported, 
screw into bell-metal joints by brass ferules at 
top, which are moveable between brass pil- 
lars fixed in a strong brass plate; in which, 
round the centre, is fixed a socket with a ball 
moveable in it, and upon which the four 
screws press that set the limb horizontal. N ext 
above is such another plate, through which 
the said screws pass, and on which round the 
centre is fixed a frustum of a cone of bell- 
metal, whose axis, being connected with the 
centre of the ball, is always perpendicular to 
the limb, by means of a conical brass ferule 
fitted to it, whereon is fixed the compass- 
box, and on it the limb, which is a strong 
bell-metal ring, whereon are moveable three 
brass indexes, in whose plate are fixed four 
brass pillars, that joining at top, hold the 
centre-pin of the bell-metal double sextant, 
whose double index is fixed in the centre of 
the same plate. Within the double sextant 
is fixed the spirit level, and over it the tele- 
scope. 
The telescope is a little shorter than the di- 
ameter of the limb, that a fall may not hurt it; 
yet it will magnify as much, and shew a dis- 
tinct object as perfect, as most of treble its 
length : in its focus are very fine cross wires, 
whose intersection is in the plane of the dou- 
ble sextant ; this was a whole circle, and 
turned in a lathe to a true plane, and is fixed 
at right angles to the limb ; so that whenever 
the limb is set horizontal (which is readily 
done by making the spirit-tube level over two 
screws, and the like over the other two) the 
double sextant and telescope are moveable in 
a vertical plane, and then every angle taken 
on the limb (though the telescope is never so 
much elevated or depressed) will be an angle 
in the plane of the horizon, and this is ab- 
solutely necessary in plotting an horizontal 
plane. 
TFIEOPHRASTA, in botany, a genus of 
the pentandria monogynia class of plants, 
with a monopetalous cainpanulated petal^ 
| semiquinquefid at the limb : the fruit is <jt 
large, globose, unilocular capsule, containins- 
! a great many roundish seeds. There are two 
species, shrubs of the West Indies. 
THEOREM,- a proposition which termi- 
nates in theory, and which considers the pro- 
perties of things already made or done. Or 
a theorem is a speculative proposition, de- 
duced from several definitions compared to- 
gether Thus, if a triangle is compared with 
a parallelogram standing on the same base" 
and of the same altitude; and party from 
their immediate definitions, and par! I y from 
other of their properties already determin- 
ed, it is interred that the parallelogram' is 
double the triangle; that proposition is a 
theorem. 
Theorem stands contradistinguished from 
problem, which denotes something to be 
clone or constructed, as a theorem proposes 
something to be proved or demonstrated. 
I here are two things to be chiefly regarded 
in every theorem, viz. the proposition and the 
demonstration. In the first is expressed what 
agrees to some certain thing, under certain 
conditions, and what does not. In the latter 
the reasons are laid down by which the under- 
standing comes to conceive that it does or 
does not agree to it. 
Theorems are of various kinds ; as. 
Universal theorem, is that which extends 
to any quantity without restriction, univer- 
sally as this; that the rectangle or product 
of the sum and difference of any two quan- 
tities, is equal to the difference of their 
squares. * 
Pai ticular theorem, is that which extends 
only to a particular quantity, as this ; in an 
equilateial rectilinear triangle, each angle is> 
equal to 60 degrees. 
Negative theorem, is that which expresses 
the impossibility of any assertion, as that 
the sum of two biquadrate numbers cannot 
make a square number. 
Local theorem, is that which relates to a 
surface, as that triangles of the same base 
and altitude are equal. 
Plane theorem, is that which relates to a ' 
surface that is either rectilinear, or bounded 
by the circumference of a circle ; as that all 
angles in the same segment of a circle are 
equal. 
Solid theorem, is that which considers a 
space terminated by a solid line ; that is, by 
any of the three conic sections ; as this : that 
if a right line cuts two asymptotic parabolas, 
its two parts terminated by them shall be 
equal. 
Reciprocal theorem, is one whose con- 
verse is true; as that if a triangle has two 
sides equal, it has also two angles equal : the 
converse of which is likewise true, viz. that 
if the triangle has two angles equal, it has 
also two equal sides. 
1 HERMOME 1 ER. A glass vessel filled! 
to a certain degree with a liquid, for the 
purpose of shewing the expansions of that 
liquid in different temperatures, or for the 
purpose of shewing the temperature by the 
corresponding expansion of that liquid is 
called a thermometer ; i. e. a measure of ’the 
temperature. 
The fluids mostly used for thermometers 
are either mercury or spirit of wine ; the latter 
of which is generally tinged red, by means of ' 
cochineal, or Brazil wood, & c. for the pur- 
