802 T U L 
man army, they still made use of the tug or 
tail; that, the Turks, inconsequence of the 
victory which was obtained under this new 
standard, looked upon it as a happy omen ; 
and that since that period they have always 
folia, lit Minder it as their banner, and the signal 
of success. 
Y\ hatever may have been the origin, it is 
certain, that when the grand signor takes 
the field in person, seven of these tails are 
always carried before him ; and when he is 
ia camp, they are placed in front of his 
tent. 
The grand visier is entitled to three of 
these tails. 
The three principal bashaws of the em- 
pire, viz. those of Bagdad, Grand Cairo, and 
Breda, have the grand signor’s permission to 
use this mafk of distinction, throughout the 
whole extent of their jurisdiction. 
Those bashaws that are not visiers have the 
privilege of having two tails. 
The beys, who are subordinate to the ba- 
shaws, have only one. 
TULBAGIA, a genus of plants of the class 
and order hexandria monogynia. The corolla 
is , funnel-form ; nect. three-leaved; capsule 
superior. There are two species, bulbs of 
the Cape. 
TULIP. See Tulipa. 
TUL1PA, tulip, a genus of plants of the 
class hexandria, and order monogynia, and in 
the natural system ranging under the 10th 
order, coronarite. The corolla is hexapeta- 
lous and campanulated, and there is no style. 
The species of this genus are five ; the syl- 
vestris, or Italian yellow tulip, a native of the 
south of Europe ; the gesneriana, or com- 
mon tulip, a native of the Levant; the brey- 
niana, or cape tulip, a native of the Cape of 
Good Hope, the biflora, and the suavolens. 
1. The syivestris, or wild European tulip, 
has an oblong bulbous root, sending up long 
narrow spear-shaped leaves ; and a slender 
stalk, supporting at top a small yellow flower, 
nodding on one side, having acute petals. 
2. The gesneriana, Gesner’s Turky tulip 
©I Cappadocia, or common garden tulip, has 
a large, oblong, tunicated, solid, bulbous 
root, covered with a brown skin, sending up 
long, oval, spear-shaped leaves ; an upright 
round stalk, from half a foot to a yard high, 
and its top crowned with a large bell-shaped 
erect hexapetalous flower, of almost all co- 
lours and variegations in the different varie- 
ties. 
This tulip, and its vast train of varieties, is 
generally cultivated for the ornament of our 
gardens, and much admired by all for its 
great variety and beautiful appearance; it 
grows freely in tbe open ground in any com- 
mon soil of a garden, and proves a very great 
decoration to the beds and borders of the 
pleasure-ground for six weeks or two months 
in spring, by different plantings of early and 
late sorts ; planting the principal part in au- 
tumn, and the rest towards Christinas, and in 
January or February. The autumn plantings 
will come earliest into bloom, and flower the 
strongest ; and the others will succeed them 
in flowering. In summer, when the flower- 
ing is past, and the leaves and stalks assume 
a state of decay, the bulbs of the choicest va- 
rieties are generally taken up, the offsets se- 
parated, and the whole cleaned from filth ; 
then put up to dry till October or November, 
and planted again for the future year’s bloom. 
T U L 
Of this species, which is the florist’s delight, 
the varieties may be divided into two prin- 
cipal classes, viz. 1. Early or dwarf spring 
•fulips (pracoces). 2. Late flowering tab 
tulips (serotine). 1. Early tulips. The 
early tulips are, among florists, distinguished 
by the appellation of pracoces, (early) be- 
cause they flower early in the spring, a month 
or more before the others ; are much shorter 
stalked, and the flowers smaller, but in great 
reputation for their early bloom and their gay 
lively colours, both of self-colours, and 
broken into flaked variegations, such as reds, 
crimson, scarlet, carnations, violets, purples, 
yellow, & c. with flowers of each, edged 
and flaked with red, yellow, and white, 
in many-diversities. 2. Late flowering com- 
mon tulips. This class is denominated late 
(lowering, and by the florists called serotines, 
because they blow later in the spring, a month 
or more, than the pracoces, i. e. not coming 
into flower before the end of April, May, 
and June. They are all of tall growth, sup- 
porting large flowers, and furnish an almost 
endless variety in the vast diversity of co- 
lours ; after, they break from whole blowers 
into variegations and stripes, exceeding all 
others of the tulip kind in beauty and elegance 
of flower. 
All the varieties are succeeded by plenty 
of ripe seed in July and August, contained 
in an oblong capsule of three cells, having 
the seeds placed on each other in double 
rows. By the seeds many new varieties 
may be raised, which however will not attain 
a flowering state till they are seven or eight 
years old; and after that will require two or 
three years, or more, to break into variega- 
tions, when the approved varieties may "be 
marked, and increased by offsets of the root. 
The colours in greatest estimation in varie- 
gated tulips are the blacks, golden yellows, 
purple-violets, rose, and vermilion, each of 
which being variegated various ways ; and 
such as are striped with three different co- 
lours distinct and unmixed, with strong re- 
gular streaks, but with little or no tinge of 
the breeder, may be called the most perfect 
tulips. It is rare to meet with a tulip posses- 
sing all these properties. 
As to the manner of obtaining this won- 
derful variety of colours in tulips, it is often 
accomplished by nature alone, but is some- 
times assisted and forwarded by some simple 
operations of art ; such as that, in the first 
place, when the seedling bulbs of the whole 
blower or breeder are arrived to full size, 
and have flowered once, to transplant them 
iuto beds of any poor dry barren soil, in 
order that, by a defect of nutriment in the 
earth, the natural luxuriance of the plant 
may be checked, and cause a weakness in 
their general growth, whereby they generally, 
in this weakened or infirm state, gradually 
change and break out into variegations, some 
the first year, others not till the second or 
third ; and according as they are thus broken 
they should be planted in beds of good earth. 
Another method to assist: nature in effect- 
ing the breaking the Breeding tulips into di- 
versified colours, is to make as great a change 
as possible in the soil ; if they were this year 
in a light poor soil, plant them the next in a 
rich garden mould, and another year in a 
compost of different earths and dungs; or 
transplant them from one part of the garden 
TUN 
to another, or into different gar lens, Sec. or 
from one country to another; all of which 
contributes to assist nature in producing this 
desirable diversity of colours and variega- 
tions. ° 
J he double tulip is also a variety of the 
common tulip, and is very beautiful, though 
not in such estimation among -the florists as 
the common single variegated sorts, not pos- 
sessing such a profusion of variegations in the 
colours and regularity of stripes ; they how- 
ever exhibit an elegantly ornamental apnear- 
ance. * 
1 clip roots are sold in full collection, con- 
sisting of numerous varieties, at most of the 
nurseries and seedsmen, who both propagate 
them themselves by offsets and seed, and'lm- 
port vast quantities annually from Holland, 
the Dutch being famous for raising the grand- 
est collections ot the finest tulips, and other 
bulbous flowers, in the greatest perfection. 
1 UMQUR, or Tumor, in medicine and 
surgery, a preternatural rising or hard swell- 
ing on any part of the body. 
-I UN, or i on, originally signifies a large 
vessel or cask of an oblong form, biggest in 
the middle, and diminishing towards its two 
ends, girt about with hoops, and used for 
stowing several kinds of merchandize, for 
convenience of carriage; as brandy, oil, 
sugar, skins, hats, &c. This word is also 
used for certain vessels of extraordinary big- 
ness, serving to keep wine for several years. 
Tun is also a certain measure for liquids ; 
as wine, oil, Sec. See Measure. 
1 un is also a certain weight, whereby the 
burden of ships, Sec. are estimated. See Ton 
and Weight. 
TUNE, or Tone, in music, that properly 
of sounds whereby they come under the re- 
lation of acute and grave to one another. See 
Tone, and Sound. 
Sonorous bodies we find differ in tune : 1. * 
According to the different kinds of matter ; 
thus a wedge of silver sounds much more j 
acute than a wedge of gold of the same shape 
and dimensions, in which case the tones are 
proportional to the specific gravity. 2. Ac- 
cording to the different quantities of the same 
matter in bodies of the same figure, a solid 
sphere of brass, one foot diameter, sounds 
acuter than one of two feet diameter; in 
which case the tunes are proportional to\he 
quantity of matter. Here then are different 
times connected with different specific <wa- i 
vities and quantities of matter, as their Im- 
mediate cause. In effect, the measures of 
tune are only sought in tbe relations of the i 
motions that are the cause of sound, which 
are no way so discernable as in vibrations of 
chords. 
In the general we find that in two chords 
all things being equal, except tension, or 
thickness, or length, the tunes are different; 
there must, therefore, be a difference in the 
vibrations owing to these different tensions 
See. which difference can only be in the ve- 
locity of the courses and recourses of the 
chords, through the spaces wherein they 
move to and again. Now, upon examining 
the proportion of the velocity, and the things 
just mentioned, wherein it depends, it % 
found, to a demonstration, that all the vibra- 
tions of the same chord are performed in 
equal times. Hence, as the tone of a sound 
depends on the nature of these vibrations 
whose difference we can conceive no other- 
