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WEIGHTS. 
Table of Avoirdupois Weight. 
Scruples. 
3 Dram. 
24 
384 
43008 
860160 
8 Ounce. 
128 16 Pound. 
1 4336 j 1792 
286720' 35840 
1 12j Quintal, or hundred 
2240l 20 Ton. 
The Roman ounce is the English avoirdupois 
ounce, which they divided into seven denani, as 
well as eight drachms ; and since they reckoned 
their denarius equal to the Attic drachm, this 
will make the Attic weights one-eighth heavier 
than the corresponding Roman weights. 
Weights, Modern European. 1. English weights: 
Bvthe twenty-seventh chapter of Magna Cliarta, 
the weights all over England are to be the same ; 
but for different commodities, there are two dif- 
ferent sorts, viz. Troy weight and avoirdupois 
weight. The origin from which they are both 
raised, is a grain of weight gathered m the mid- 
dle of the ear. 
In troy weight, twenty-four ©f these grams 
make a pennyweight sterling ; twenty penny- 
weights make one ounce ; and twelve ounces 
one pound. . , 
by this weight we weigh gold, silver, jewels, 
grains, and liquors. The apothecaries also use 
the troy pound, ounce, and grain; but they 
differ from the rest in the intermediate divisions. 
They divide the ounce into eight drachms ; the 
drachm into three scruples, and the scruple into 
twenty grains. . , 
In avoirdupois weight, the pounci contains 
sixteen ounces, but the ounce is less by near 
one-twelfth than the troy ounce ; this latter con- 
taining 490 grains, and the former only 448. 
The ounce contains 16 drachms: 80 ounces 
avoirdupois are only equal to 73 ounces troy; 
and 17 pounds troy equal to. 14 pounds avoir- 
dupois. . . . , , 
By avoirdupois weight are weighed mercury, 
and" grocery wares, base nvetals, wool, tallow, 
hemp, drugs, bread, Sec. 
Table of Troy Weight as used by the.- 
Goldsmiths 
Grains. 
Pennyweight. 
20 jounce. 
240 I 12 1 Pound. . 
Mr. Ferguson gives the following comparison 
between troy and avoirdupois weight. 
175 troy pounds are equal to 144 avoirdupois 
pounds. 
175 troy ounces are equal to 192 avoirdupois 
ounces. 
1 troy pound contains 5760 grains, 
1 avoirdupois pound contains 7000 grains. 
1 avoirdupois ounce contains 437^ grains. 
1 avoirdupois dram contains 27.34375 grains. 
1 troy pound contains 13 oz. 2.651428576 
drams avoirdupois. 
1 avoirdupois lb. contains lib. 2 oz. 11 dwts. 
16gr. troy. 
Therefore the avoirdupois lb. is to the lb. 
troy as 175 to 144, and the avoirdupoise oz. is 
to the troy oz. as 437 •§ is to 480 
The money ers, jewellers, &c. have a particular 
class of weights for gold and precious stones, 
901 
Germany, Flanders, Holland, the Hanse 
towns, Sweden, Denmark, Poland, &c. have 
their schippondt, which at Antwerp and Flam- 
burgh, is 300 pounds ; at Lubeck, 320 ■ and at 
Copingsberg, 400 pounds. In Sweden, the schip-- 
pondt for copper is 320 pounds ; and the schip- 
pondt for provisions 400 pounds. At Riga and 
Revel, the schippondt is 400 pounds ; at Dant- 
zic, 340 pounds ; in Norway, 300 pounds : at 
Amsterdam, 300 ; containing 20 lyspondts, each 
weighing 15 pounds. 
In Muscovy, they weigh their large commo- 
dities by the bercheroct, or berkewits, contain- 
ing 400 of their pounds They have also the 
poet, or poede, containing 40 pounds, or one- 
tenth of the bercheroct. 
In order to shew the proportion of the several 
weights used throughout Europe, We shall add 
a reduction of them to one standard, viz. the 
London and Amsterdam pound. 
1. Proportion of the weights of the principal 
places of Europe. 
The 100 lb. of England, Scotland, and Ire- 
land, are equal to 
viz. carat and grain ; and for silver, the penny- 
1 : weight and grain. The moneyers have also a pe- 
lb 
91 
96 
88 
106 
90 
oz. 
Grains. 
Apothecaries. 
20 
Scruple. 
60 
3 
Drachm; 
480 
24 
8 jounce. 
5760 
288 
96 | 12 ! Pound 
cul'iar subdivision of the troy grain ; thus, di 
vidiug 
the grain into 20 mites, 
the mite into 24 droits, 
the droit into 20 periots, 
the periot into 24 blanks. 
The dealers in wool have likewise a particu- 
lar set of weights ; viz. the sad, -weigh, tod , stone , 
and dove $ the proportions of which are as be- 
low j viz. 
the sack containing 2 weighs, 
the weigh - - - 6-f tods, 
the tod - - - - 2 stones, 
the stone - - - 2 cloves, 
the clove - - - 7 pounds. 
Also 1 2 sacks make a last, or 4368 pounds. 
Farther, 
56 lb. of old hay, or 60 lb. new hay, make a 
truss. 
40 lb. of straw make a truss. 
36 trusses make a load, of hay or straw. - 
14 lb. make a stone. 
5 lb. of glass a stone. 
Other nations have also certain weights pecu- 
liar to themselves : thus, Spain has its arrobas, 
containing 25 Spanish pounds, or one-fourth of 
the common quintal : its quintal macho, con- 
taining 150 pounds, or one-half common quin- 
tal, or 6 arrobas : its adarme, containing one- 
sixteenth of its ounce. And for gold, it has its 
castillan, or one-hundredth of a pound; and its 
tomin, containing 12 grains, or one-eighth of a 
castillan. The same are in use in the Spanish 
West Indies. 
Portugal has its arroba, containing 32 Lisbon 
arratals, or pounds: Savary also mentions its 
faratelle, containing 2 Lisbon pounds ; and its 
rottolis, containing about 12 pounds. And for: 
gold, its chego, containing four carats. The- 
same are used in the Portuguese East Indies. 
Italy, and particularly Venice, kave their 
migliaro, containing four mirres ; the mirre 
containing 30 Venice pounds : the saggio, con- 
taining a sixth part of an ounce. Genoa has five 
kinds of weights, viz. large weights, whereby all 
merchandizes are weighed at the custom-house ; 
cash weights for piastres, and other specie ; the 
cantara, or quintal, for the coarsest commodi- 
ties ; the large balance for raw silks, and the 
small balance for the fine commodities. Sicily 
has its rottylo, 32 and a half pounds of Messina. 
8 of Amsterdam, Paris, Sec. 
8 of Antwerp or Brabant. 
0 of Rouen, the viscounty weight.- 
0 of Lyons: the city weight. 
9 of Rochelle. 
107 11 of Toulouse and Upper I. angued^C, 
113 0 of Marseilles or Provence. 
81 7 of Geneva. 
93 5 of Hamburgh- 
89 7 of Francfort, &c. 
96 1 of Leipsick, &c.. 
137 4 of Genoa. 
1-32 li- of Leghorn. 
153 11 of Milan. 
152 0 of Venice. 
154 10 of Naples. 
97 0 of Seville, Cadiz, Sec. 
104 13 of Portugal. 
96 5 of Liege. 
112 ?- of Russia.- 
107 *o ^4 of Sweden. 
89 "•§- of Denmark. 
2. Proportion of the weights of the chief ci- 
ties in Europe, to those of Amsterdam. 
100 pounds of Amsterdam are equal to 
lb: 
108 of Alicant. 
105 of Antwerp. 
120 of Archangel, or 3 
poedes. 
105 of Arschot. 
120 of Avignon. 
98 of Basil in Switzer- 
land. 
100 of Bayonne in 
France. 
166 of Bergamo. 
97 of Bergen-op-zom 
95 * of Bergen in Nor- 
way. 
Ill of Bern. 
100 of Besancon. 
]00 of Bilboa. 
105 of Bois le due. 
151 of Bologna. 
100 of Bourdeaux. 
104 of Bourg en Bresse 
103 of Bremen. 
125 of Breslaw. 
105 of Bruges. 
105 of Brussels. 
105 of Cadiz. 
105 of Cologne. 
125 of Coningsberg. 
107-§ of Copenhagen. 
87 rottos of Constant! 
nople. 
lb. 
1 13§ of Dantzic. 
100 of Dort. 
97 of Dublin. 
97 of Edinburgh. 
143 of Florence. 
98 Francfort on the 
Maine. 
105 of Gaunt. 
89 of Geneva. 
163 of Genoa, cash' 
weight. 
102 of Hamburgh. 
106 of Leyden. 
105 of Leipsic. 
105 •§ of Liege. 
114 of Lisle. 
143 of Leghorn. 
106 % of Lisbon. 
109 of London, avoir- 
dupois weight. 
105 of Lovaine. 
105 of Lubec. 
141 £ of Lucca, light- 
weight. 
116 of Lyons, city- do, 
1 14 of Madrid. 
105 of Marlines. 
123 % of Marseilles. 
154 of Messina, Ugk,S'- 
weight 
168 of Milan, 
