Lizard Ethology 
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Figure 6: Examples of data as stored and for- 
matted by CABER. On a data line, the first six 
numbers are the time, the next two represent an 
animal, and subsequent entries represent be- 
havioral patterns. The computer indicates the time 
whenever the carriage-return is depressed. 
found evidence of an influence of the spectral 
quality of light on testicular recrudesence in 
Anolis carolinensis. Other possible influences 
of the spectral quality of visual light are 
discussed by Regal (this volume). 
The influence of wind gusts on the activity 
of Sceloporus was observed by Jackson 
(1974). He suggests that these lizards change 
perching sites to increase their predatory 
surveillance area and that they make these 
site changes during gusts of wind when they 
may be less subject to predation because their 
movements would be less conspicuous. 
Thermoregulation 
Since the landmark study of Cowles and 
Bogert (1944), reptilian thermoregulation 
has been intensively studied. It is clear now 
that most lizards, given an environment with 
some thermal diversity, are capable of regu- 
lating their body temperatures at levels 
appropriate to their individual physiological 
or ecological circumstances. Few biologists 
today would ignore this aspect of an experi- 
mental setting. Nevertheless, there are 
studies which have mistaken metabolic in- 
activity for an inability to learn (Brattstrom, 
1974 ; this volume) . A similar potential source 
of e^ror may be encountered in neuro- 
behavioral investigations. Damage to the 
parietal eye, an often-used surface landmark 
overlying the forebrain of many lizards, may 
cause aberrations in behavioral thermo- 
regulation (Roth and Ralph, 1976). Berk 
and Heath (1975) have cautioned investiga- 
tors that, since there is an elaborate central 
neural network involved in thermoregulation, 
lesion studies might confound behavioral de- 
ficits with thermal torpidity. 
The thermal requirements of lizards are 
not simply satisfied by keeping them at any 
“ideal” temperature. As Regal (1968) has 
observed, keeping some lizards cool for ex- 
tended periods does not necessarily com- 
promise their health. Given a diversity of 
thermal gradients, they will demonstrate 
circadian thermophilic tendencies. Wilhoft 
(1958), however, has demonstrated that 
housing lizards at their “preferred” temper- 
atures may lead to thyroid hypertrophy and 
eventually death. 
The thermal biology of lizards is suffi- 
ciently understood to allow the laboratory 
maintenance of many species. There are, 
however still serious deficits in our knowl- 
edge about the differential effects of heat 
and light, time sharing of thermal resources, 
and the relationship of heat seeking to energy 
budgets, arousal and activity (see Regal, this 
volume). In Lacerta freshly received from 
the field and in those kept at low tempera- 
tures in the laboratory. Boycott and Guillery 
(1959) have observed cerebral changes that 
resemble those noted by Cajal in the brains 
of hibernating reptiles. These changes take 1 
to 4 weeks to develop and are reversible, and 
it is not certain that the cytological effects 
