Ritualistic Behavior Lizards 
259 
Figure 6. The expanded throat region (dewlap) 
of the displaying dominant male Savigny’s Agama 
(Agamidae) of North Africa turns very dark 
blue. 
The time-motion characteristics (that is 
movements through time) of each species 
were called the display-action-patterns 
(DAPs) and, when plotted graphically as 
graphs (DAP graphs), served to illustrate 
the species-specific patterns for various 
species. The variability of the display-action- 
patterns which I studied early in my pro- 
gram was not great. By averaging the data 
on the individual units of a display, and the 
total sequence, a representative DAP graph 
could be produced (Fig. 8). More recent 
studies on other species have indicated 
greater degrees of variability and have led 
to more sophisticated statistical treatment 
demonstrating variations in the displays 
within a population (Jenssen, 1971; Stamps 
and Barlow, 1972), between populations 
