M 
ADM 
lation at Calao, a city of Peru, obliging aH 
ships allowed to trade on the coast, to unload 
their European goods, and pay certain duties. 
ADMIN 1ST RAM OR, in law, the person 
to whom the goods, effects, or estate, of one 
who died intestate, are entrusted ; for which 
he is to be accountable, when required. 
The bishop of the diocese where the party 
dies, is regularly to grant administration ; but 
it tiie intestate has goods in several dioceses, 
administration must be granted by the arch- 
bishop in the prerogative court. 
The persons to whom administration is 
granted, are a husband, wife, children whe- 
ther sons or daughters, the father or mother, 
brothers or sisters, and, in general, to the next 
of km, as uncle, aunt, cousin ; then to a cre- 
ditor. 
An action lies for and against an administra- 
tor, as for and against an executor ; he is ac- 
countable, however, no farther than to the 
value of the goods. 
Administrator is also used in several 
other senses, as for an advocate of a church ; 
for a person appointed to receive and manage 
the revenues of an hospital or religious house; 
for a prince who enjoys the levenues of a se- 
cularized bishopric ; and lastly, for the regent 
of a state during a minority, or a vacancy of 
the throne. 
ADMIRAL, in maritime affairs, a great 
officer, who commands the naval forces of a 
kingdom or state, and decides all maritime 
causes. 
According to Ducange, the Sicilians were 
the first, anil the Genoese the next, who gave 
the name of admiral to the commanders of 
their fleets ; deriving it from the Arabic amir 
or emir, a designation applicable to any com- 
manding officer. 
For some time past, we have had no lord- 
high-admiral in Britain ; that office being exe- 
cuted by a certain number of commissioners, 
called lords of the admiralty. 
Admiral also denotes the commander in 
chief of a single fleet or squadron ; or, in ge- 
neral, any flag officer whatever. 
In the British navy, besides the admiral who 
commands in chief, there are the vice-admiral, 
who commands the second squadron ; and the 
rear-admiral, who commands the third divi- 
sion. The admiral carries his flag at the main- 
top-mast-head ; the vice-admiral at the fore- 
top-mast-head ; and the rear-admiral at the 
mizen-top-mast head. 
The admiral when on shore, is entitled to re- 
ceive military honours, and ranks with gene- 
rals in the army. 
Admiral, Vice, likewise denotes an officer 
invested witli the jurisdiction of an admiral, 
within a certain county or district. There are 
upwards of twenty such vice-admirals in 
Great Britain ; but an appeal lies from their 
sentence or determination, to the admiralty- 
court in London. 
In Trance the admiral is one of the great 
officers of the crown, general of the marine, 
and of all the naval forces of the kingdom. 
From him the captains and masters of trading 
vessels are obliged to take their licences, pass- 
ports, commissions, and safe-conducts. 
The tenth of all prizes belongs to him, and 
the whole of all fines adjudged in the courts of 
admiralty. He also has the duty of anchorage, 
tonnage, &c. 
Admiral is also an appellation given to the 
Boost considerable ship of a fleet of jnerchant- 
men,.or the vessels employed in the cod-fishery 
of Newfoundland. 'J iiis last has I lie privilege 
of choosing what place he .pleases on the sandy 
shore, to dry his iish. He also gives proper 
orders, and appoints the fishing places to those 
who come after him ; and as long as the fish- 
ing season continues, he carries a flag on his 
main-mast. 
Admiral, in conchology, the name of a 
beautiful shell of the volute kind, much ad- 
mired by the curious. 
There are four species of this shell, viz. the 
grand-admiral, the vice-admiral, the orange- 
admiral, and the extra-admiral. The first is 
extremely beautiful. Of an elegant while ena- 
mel, variegated with bands ot yellow, which 
represent, in some measure, the colours oi the 
flags in men of war. It is of a very curious 
shape, and finely turned about the head, the 
clavicle being exerted ; but its distinguishing 
character is a denticulated line, running along 
the centre of the large yellow band ; by this it 
is distinguished from the vice-admiral, the head 
of which is also less elegantly formed. 
Tl>e orange-admiral has more yellow than 
any of the others, and the bands ot the extra- 
admiral run into one another. 
ADMIRALTY properly signifies the office 
of lord-high-admiral, whether discharged by 
one, or several joint-commissioners called lords 
of the admiralty. 
In Holland there are five admiralties, boards, 
or chambers, composed of the deputies of the 
nobles, the provinces, and towns ; who have 
the care of fitting out fleets, and in general, of 
all maritime affairs. 
AdxMiralty-Com?’/, or court of admiralty, 
in the British polity, a sovereign court, held by 
the lord-high-admiral, or the commissioners of 
the admiralty. 
This court has cognizance in all maritime 
affairs, civil as well as criminal. 
All crimes committed on the high-seas, or in 
great' rivers beneath the bridge next to the 
sea, are cognizable only in this court ; which, 
by statute, is obliged to try the same by judge 
and jury. But in civil causes it is otherwise, 
these being all determined according to the 
civil i.iw ; the reason of which is, that the 
sea is without the jurisdiction of the common 
law. 
In case any person is sued in the admiralty 
court, contrary to the statutes, he may have 
the writ of supersedeas to stop farther proceed- 
ings, and also an action for double damages 
against the person suing. 
Subordinate to this court there is another 
of equity called court-merchant ; wherein all 
causes between merchants are decided, agree- 
ably to tbe rules of the civil law. 
ADMIRATION, in a general sense denotes 
the act of being much delighted with, or highly 
prizing, some rare excellence ; and sometimes 
the astonishment conceived at some extraor- 
dinary event. 
“ It is obvious,” says Dr. Cogan, “ that the 
range of admiration is from the simple appro- 
bation of the mind, up to the most lively sen- 
sation, according to our conceptions of the ex- 
tent of excellence, and also the degrees of our 
interest in its effects. It is also blended with 
various other emotions according to different 
circumstances attendant upon the passion. It 
is frequently introduced by surprise: when, 
for example, the discovery of these excellences 
is sudden and unexpected, and then it becomes 
a vivid auction, It is generally connected 
ADO 
with some degree of wonder ; as we are fre- 
quently ignorant ot the i arises which enabled 
any one greatly to excel ourselves or others ; 
but as it ts always excited by the real discovery 
of some qualities, it is not to be confounded 
with an emotion that proceeds from ignorance 
and embarrassment previous to the discovery.” 
Grammarians have a character for expressing 
this affection or state of mind, called a point of 
admiration, and marked thus (!). 
ADMISSION, among ecclesiastical writers, 
denotes the act of a bishop’s admitting or al- 
lowing a clerk to be able, or qualified lor serv- 
ing a cure. Ibis is done alter examination, 
by pronouncing the formula admitto tc habi- 
lem. If any person presume to be admitted, 
who lias not episcopal ordination, he shall for- 
feit 100/. No person is to be admitted into a 
benefice with a cure of 30/. per annum in the 
king’s books, unless he is a bachelor in divinity 
at least, or a preacher lawfully allowed, or hr 
censed bv some bishop. 
ADMIT TEN DO c lerico, a writ granted 
to a person who has recovered his right of pre- 
sentation in the common pleas : by which the 
bishop, or metropolitan, is ordained to admit 
his clerk. 
Admittendo in socium, a writ associating 
certain persons, usually knights, and other gen- 
tlemen of the county, to the justices of assize 
already appointed. 
ADMONITIO fustium, among the Ro- 
mans, a military punishment, not unlike our 
whipping, only that it was performed with I 
vine-branches. 
ADMONITION, in clnirch-history, a part 
of discipline, which consists chiefly in warning 
an offender of the irregularities he* is guilty of, 
and advising him to amend. 
By the antient canons, nine admonitions 
were required before excommunication. 
ADMORTIZATION, in the feudal cus- 
toms, reducing the property of lands or tene- 
ments to mortmain. 
ADNATA, in anatomy, one of the tunics 
or coats of the eye, otherwise called conjunc- 
tiva and albuginea. 
It is the same part with what is called the 
white of the eye, formed by the tendinous ex- 
pansions of the muscles which move the eye. 
See Anatomy. 
Adnata, or Adnascentia, among gar- 
deners, terms used for such off-sets, as by a 
new germination under the earth, proceed 
from the lily, narcissus, hyacinth, and other 
flowers ; and afterwards grow to the roots. 
These by the French are called cayeux. 
Adnata is also a term used for such 
things as grow upon animal or vegetable bo- 
dies, whether inseparably, as hair, wool, horns, 
&c. or accidentally, as the several episitical 
plants. . 
ADNOUN, or Ad name, terms sometimes -1 
used to denote an adjective. 
ADONIA, festivals kept in honour of Ve- 
nus, and in memory of her beloved Adonis. 
The adonia lasted two day s, on the first of 
which the images of Venus and Adonis were 
carried w ith great solemnity, in manner of a 
funeral ; the women crying all the while, tearing 
their hair, and beating their breasts. On the 
second, changing their note, they sung Ids 
praises, and made rejoicings, as if Adonis had 
been raised to life again. 
The adonia were celebrated by most antient 
nations, as the Greeks, Egyptians, Syrians, 
Lydaiifs, The prophet Ezekiel, c. viii. 
