ANA 
It is also called the method of resolution, 
and stands opposed to the synthetic method, 
or method of composition. 
The art of this method consists chiefly in 
combining our perceptions, and classing 
them together with address ; and in contriv- 
ing a proper expression of our thought, so as 
to represent their several divisions, classes, 
and relations. This is clearly seen in the 
manner of computing by figures in arithme- 
tic, but more particularly in the symbols ap- 
plied in resolving algebraical problems. 
Analysis, among mathematicians, the art 
of discovering the truth or falsehood of a pro- 
position, or its possibility and impossibility. 
'Phis is done by supposing the proposition, 
such as it is, true ; and examining what fol- 
lows from thence, until we arrive at some 
evident truth, or some impossibility, of which 
the first proposition is a necessary conse- 
quence ; and from thence establish the truth 
or impossibility of that proposition. 
The analysis of the antient geometricians 
consisted in the application of the proposi- 
tions of Euclid, Apollonius, &c. till they ar- 
rived, proceeding step by step, at the truth 
required. That of the moderns, though not 
so elegant, must, however, be allowed more 
ready and general. By this last, geometrical 
demonstrations are wonderfully abriged, a 
number of truths are frequently expressed by 
a single line, and whole sciences may some- 
times" be learned in a few minutes, which 
otherwise would be scarcely attained in many 
years. 
Analysis is divided, with regard to its ob- 
ject, into that of Unites and infinites. 
Analysis of finite quantities, is that which 
is called specious arithmetic. 
Analysis of infinites, is the same with flux- 
ions. 
Analysis, in chemistry, the reduction of 
a mixed body into its principles. This is the 
chief object of chemistry, and is effected by 
means of heat and mixture. 
Analysis of powers, is the operation of 
resolving them into their roots, otherwise call- 
ed evolution. See Algebra. 
ANAMORPHOSIS, in perspective and 
painting, a monstrous projection, or repre- 
sentation of an image on a plane or curve 
surface, which beheld at a proper distance, 
shall appear regular and in proportion. See 
Optics. 
ANANAS, the trivial name of a species 
of the pine apple. See Bromelia. 
ANANCIT1S, in antiquity, a kind of figured 
stone, otherwise called synochitis, celebrated 
for its magical virtue, of raising the shadows, 
umbrae, ot the infernal gods. 
AN APT. ST, anapestus, in antient poetry, 
a foot consisting of two short syllables and 
one long. It is just the reverse of the dac- 
tyle. 
’ ANAPHORA, in antient astronomy, an 
ascension of the twelve signs of the zodiac 
from the east, by the daily course of the hea- 
vens. 
Anaphora, in rhetoric, the repetition of 
the same word or words in the beginning of 
a sentence or verse : thus Virgil ; 
Pan etiam Arcadia mecum sejudice certet, 
Pan etiam Arcadia dicat sejudice victum. 
Anaphora, among antient physicians, 
denotes the throwing up of purulent matter 
by the mouth. 
ANA 
ANAPLASIS, among antient physicians, 
the replacing of a fractured bone in the same 
situation it obtained belore it was broken. 
ANAPLEROSIS, among surgeons, ex- 
presses the restoring deficiencies ; and in 
this sense is the same with prosthesis. 
ANAPLEROTICS, in pharmacy, such 
medicines as promote the growth oi flesh in 
wounds and ulcers. 
ANARRRICHAS, the name of a genus 
of malacopterygious fishes, called by other 
writers lupus-marinus, the sea-wolf. See 
Plate Nat. Hist. fig. 15. 
ANAS, in zoology, a genus of birds of the 
order of anseres, according to Linnaeus, the 
beak of which is convex, with an obtuse 
point, and the whole verge furnished with 
transverse lameilose teeth ; the tongue is ob- 
tuse and ciliated. The nostrils are small 
and oval ; the toes are four in number, three 
tare placed before, one behind, and the middle 
one is the longest: See Plate Nat. Hist. fig. 
16. There are a great many species of 
this genus, amounting to at least 98, besides 
many varieties. The most noted species are : 
1. Anas Aborea, or biack-billed whistling- 
duck of Edwards. It is a native of America, 
and makes a kind of whistling noise. 
2. Anas acuta, pin-tail, or sea-pheasant of 
Ray. These birds, it is said, are found in 
great abundance in Connaught in Ireland, in 
the month of February only ; and are much 
esteemed for their delicacy. 
3. Anas Americana, American wigeon, is 
rather bigger than our wigeon. It inhabits 
North America, from Carolina to Hudson’s 
Bay ; but is no where a common bird. 
4. Anas Anser, the goose. Of this species 
there are several varieties, of which w T e shall 
only mention tw'o : the anser ferns, or wild 
goose, and the anser mansuetus, or tame 
goose. 
5. Anas bernicla is of a brown colour, with 
the head, neck, and breast, black; and a 
white collar. These birds, like the bernacles, 
frequent our coasts in winter; and are par- 
ticularly plenty, at times, on those of Holland 
and Ireland, where they are taken in nets 
placed across the rivers. 
6. Anas boschas, common wild duck, or mal- 
lard. They abound particularly in Lincoln- 
shire, the great magazine of wild-fowl in this 
kingdom; where prodigious numbers are taken 
annually in the decoys. 
7. Anas Canadensis, is found during the 
summer in H udson’s-bay, and parts beyond ; 
also in Greenland ; and, in the summer 
months, in various parts of North America, 
as far as Carolina. This species is now 
pretty common, in a tame state, both on the 
continent and in England, where they are 
thought a great ornament to the pieces of 
water in many gentlemen’s seats. 
8. Anas Candida, the snow goose, the 
general colour of whose plumage is snow 
white, except the first ten quills, which are 
black with white shafts ; they are very nu- 
merous at Hudson’s-bay ; they visit the Se- 
vern in May, and stay a fortnight ; but go 
farther north to breed. 
9. Anas Casarca, or ruddy goose, is found 
in all the southern parts of Russia and Si- 
beria in plenty. In winter it migrates into 
India, and returns northward in spring. They 
have been attempted to be domesticated, by 
rearing the young under tame ducks; but 
without success, as they make their escape 
* K 2 
ANA 75 
the first opportunity. The flesh is thought 
very delicate. 
10. Anas Clangula, or golden eye of Ray, 
is not unfrequent on our sea coast in winter, 
and appears in small flocks ; but passes to the 
north in spring, in order to breed. 
1 1 . Anas Ciypeata, or shoveler of Ray, is 
sometimes met with in England, though not 
very commonly. It is said they appear in 
France in February, and that some of them 
stay during summer. 
12. Anas Creca, or common teal, is fre- 
quent in the London markets, along with the 
wild duck. It is found to the north as high 
as Iceland. 
13. Annas cursor, the race-horse or logger- 
head goose, inhabits the Falkland Islands, 
Staaten Land, Ac. They are mostly seen in 
pairs, though sometimes in large flocks, f rom 
the shortness of the wings they are unable 
to fly ; but in the water they seem to run, at 
least they swim, with the assistance of the 
legs used as oars, at an incredible rate. 
14. Anas cygnoides, is the swan goose of 
Ray, from Guinea, and there is likewise a 
variety of this species of a less size, called the 
goose of Muscovy. They are sufficiently 
common in Britain, and readily mix with the 
common goose ; the breeds uniting as freely, 
and continuing to produce as certainly, as if 
no such mixtuL'e had taken place. 
15. Anas cygnus, or the swan. Of this 
species there are several varieties, of which 
we shall only mention two, viz. the ferus and 
the mansuetus. 
16. Anas Erythropus, or laughing goose of 
Edwards, is a native of Europe and America. 
These visit the fens during winter, in small 
flocks; and disappear by the middle of 
March. 
1 7. Anas fabalis, the bean goose, arrives in 
Lincolnshire in autumn, and retreats to the 
north of Europe in May. It is called the 
bean-goose, from the likeness of the nail of 
the bill to a horse-bean. 
18. Anas ferina, pochard, or red-headed 
wigeon of Ray, frequents the fens in the win- 
ter season, and is brought up to the London 
markets sometimes in considerable numbers, 
where they are known by the name of. Dun 
Birds, and are esteemed excellent eat- 
ing. 
19. Anas filigula, or tufted duck of Ray, in 
the winter months is not unfrequent in Eng- 
land ; it is common also throughout the Rus- 
sian empire, going northward to breed. 
20. Anas fusca, the brown, or velvet duck, 
frequents Hudson’s-bay in summer, where it 
breeds. It feeds on grass, and retires south in 
winter; when it is frequently seen as far 
south as New York. It is now and then 
seen on the coasts of England. 
21. Anas galericulata, or Chinese teal of 
Edwards. This most singular and elegant 
species Is a native of China and Japan, where 
it is kept by the inhabitants for the sake of 
its beauty. See Plate, Nat. Hist. tig. 1 7. 
22. Anas glacialis, or long-tailed duck, 
breeds in the most northern parts of the 
world ; and only visits our coasts in the se- 
verest winters. 
23. Anas histrioniea, or dusky spotted duck 
of Edwards, inhabits from Carolina to G-reen- 
land. In winter it seeks the open sea, flies 
high and swiftly, and is very clamorous. 
24. Anas magna, the great goose, is of a 
very large size, weighing near 25 or 30. Rxis- 
