BO? Prbnstor radii quadratics arises from 
ilte inner and lower part of the ulna. It is 
inserted into the radius, opposite to its origin. 
Its use is to roll the radius inwards, ami" of 
course, to assist in the pronation of the hand. 
Muscles on the hand. 
I . Lumbricales arise from the tendons of 
the perforans. They are inserted into the 
tendons of the extensor digitorum communis. 
’I heir use is to bend the first, and to extend 
the two last joints of the fingers. 
Abductor -brevis pollicis arises from the 
foie pai t of the internal annular ligament, os 
scaphoides, and one of the tendons of the ab- 
ductor longus pollicis. It is inserted into the 
outer side of the second bone of the thumb, 
near its root. Its use is to move the thumb 
from the fingers. 
3. Opponens pollicis arises from the inner 
and anterior part of the internal annular liga- 
ment, and from the os scaphoides. It is in- 
setted into the first bone ot the thumb. Its 
use is to move the thumb inwards, and to turn 
it upon its axis. 
4. Flexor brevis pollicis arises from the os 
trapezoides, internal annular ligament, os 
magnum, and os unciforme. It is inserted 
into the ossa sesamoidea and second bone of 
the thumb. 
■’ • Abductor pollicis arises from the meta- 
carpal bone of the middle finger. It is in- 
serted into the basis ot the second bone of the 
thumb. Its use is to bend the second joint 
of the thumb. 
. d. Abductor indicis arises from the inner 
side ot the first bone of the thumb, and from 
the os trapezium. It is inserted into the first 
bone of the fore finger posteriorly. Its use is 
to move the fore finger towards the thumb. 
7. Palmaris brevis arises from the internal 
annular ligament, and aponeurosis palmaris. 
It is inserted into the os pi.-iforme, and the 
skin covering the abductor minimi digiti. Its 
use is to contract the palm of the hand. 
. 8 - Abductor minimi digiti arises from the 
internal annular ligament and os pisiforme. 
It is inserted into the side of the first bone of 
the h tie finger. Its use is to draw the little 
finger from the rest. 
9. Flexor parvus minimi digiti arises from 
the os unciforme, and internal annular limi- 
ment. It is inserted into the first bone of die 
hide finger. Its use is to bend the little 
finger. 
10 . Abductor metacarpi minimi digiti arises 
from the os unciforme, and internal annular 
ligament If is inserted into the metacarpal 
hone o' tne little finger ._ Its use is to move 
that bone towards the rest. 
II. Interossei intend, situated between the 
metacarpal bones. They are inserted into 
tne roots ol the lingers. ' Their use is to ex- 
tend the lingers and move them towards the 
thumb. 
12. Interos-ei extend, situated between the 
metacarpal bones on the ha k of the hand 
1 hey are inserted into the roots of the Aimers 
1 heir use is to extend the fingers; but the 
first draws the middle linger inwards, the 
second draws it outwards, and the third draws 
the ring-finger inwards. f 
Muscles on the upper part, of the thigh. 
f'Fita'us maximus arises from the spine 
ottlie i hum, posterior sacro-ischiatic ligaments 
os sacrum, and os cdecygis. inserted into 
ANATOMY. 
the upper part of the linea aspera of ihe os 
femoris. Its use is to extend the thigh and 
draw it outwards. 
2. Glutaeus medius, arises from the spine 
and superior surface of the ilium. It is in- 
serted into the outer and back part of the 
great trochanter. Its use is to draw the thigh 
outwards and a little backwards, and when it 
is bended, to roll it. ’ 
3. Glutaius minimus, from the outer sur- 
face of the ilium, and the border of its great 
niche. It is inserted into the upper and in- 
terior part of the great trochanter. Its use is 
to assist the former. 
4. Pyriformis arises from the anterior part 
of the os sacrum. It is inserted into a cavity 
at the root of the. trochanter major. Its use 
is to roll the thigh outwards. 
5. Gemini, arises by two portions, one 
from the outer surface of the spine of the 
ischium, the other from the tuberosity of the 
ischium, and posterior sacro-ischiatic liga- 
ment. It is inserted into the same cavity as 
the pyriformis. Its use is to roll the thigh 
outwards, and likewise to confine the tendon 
of the obturator interims, when the latter is 
in action. 
6. Obturator internus arises from the su- 
perior half of the inner border of the fora- 
men thyroideum. It is inserted into the same 
cavity with the former. Its use is to roll the 
thigh outwards. 
7. Quadratus femoris arises from the tube- 
rosity of the ischium. It is inserted into a 
ridge between the trochanter major and tro- 
chanter minor. Its use is to move the thigh 
outwards. 
Muscles on the thigh. 
1. Biceps flexor cruris arises by two heads; 
one from the tuberosity of the ischium, the 
other from the linea aspera, near the inser- 
tion of the glutxus maximus. It is inserted 
into the upper and back part of the libula. 
Its use is to bend the leg. 
2. Senfitendinosus arises from the tube- 
rosity of the ischium. It is inserted into the 
upper and inner part of the tibia. Its use is 
to bend and draw the leg inwards. 
3. Semi-niembranosus arises from the tu- 
berosity of the ischium. It is inserted into 
the upper and back part of the head of the 
tibia. Its use is to bend the leg. 
4. Tensor vagime femoris arises from the 
superior and anterior spinous process of the 
ilium. It is inserted into the inner side of 
the iascia lata, which covers flic outside of 
the thigh. Its use is to stretch the fascia. 
5. Sartolius arises from the superior and 
anterior spinous process of the ilium. It is 
inserted into the upper and inner part of the 
tibia. Its use is to bend the leg inwards. 
6. Rectus arises by two tendons ; one from 
the anterior and interior spinous process of 
the ilium, the other from the posterior edge 
ol the cotyloid cavity. It is inserted into the 
upper and fore part of the rotula. Its use is 
to extend the leg. 
7. Gracilis, arises from the fore part of the 
iscimmi and pubis. It is inserted into the 
upper and inner part of the tibia. Its use i' s 
to bend the leg. 
H. Vastus externus arises from the anterior 
and lower part of the great trochanter, and 
tne outer edge of the linea aspera. Jt is in- 
serted into the upper and outer part of the 
rotula. Its use is to extend the l®g 
L 2 & 
9. Vastus interims arises from the inner 
edge of the linea aspera, beginning between 
the fore part of the os femoris and the root of 
the lesser trochanter. It is inserted into the 
outer and inner part of the rotula. Its use is 
to extend the leg. 
"10. Crurseus arises from the outer and 
anterior part of the lesser trochanter. It is 
inserted into the upper part of the rotula. Its 
use is to extend the leg. 
11. Pectinalis arises from the anterior ed^e 
of the os pubis. It is inserted into the upper 
and lore part of the linea aspera. Its use is 
to draw the thigh inwards, upwards, and to 
roll it a little outwards. 
12. Adductor longus femoris arises from 
the upper and fore part of the os pubis. It is 
inserted near the middle and back part of the 
linea aspera. Its use is to draw the thierh in- 
wards, upwards, and to roll it a little" out- 
wards. 
13. Adductor brevis femoris arises from the 
tore part of the ramus of the os pubis. It is 
inserted into the inner and upper part of the 
linea aspera. 
, ‘ Adductor magnus femoris arises from 
the lower and fore part of the ramus of the os 
pubis. It is inserted into the whole length of 
the linea aspera. 
15. Obturator externus arises from part of 
the obturator ligament, and the inner half 
ot the circumference of the foramen thyroi- 
deum. It is inserted into the os femoris, near 
the root ot the great trochanter. Its use is to 
move the thigh outwards in an oblique direc- 
tion and likewise to bend and draw it in- 
wards. 
Muscles on ihe leg. 
1. Gastrocnemius externus arises by two 
heads ; one from the inner condyle, the other 
from the outer condyle of the os femoris It 
is inserted by a great round tendon, common 
to this and the following muscle. Its use is to 
extend the foot. 
2 Gastrocnemius interims arises by two 
beads; one from the back part of the head of 
the fibula, the other from the upper and back 
pai t ot the tibia. It is inserted by a large ten- 
don (the tendo Achillis), common to this and 
the former muscle, into the lower and back 
part ot the os calcis. Its use is to extend the 
toot. 
3. Plantaris arises from the upper and pos- 
terior part ot the outer condyle of the os 
lemons. It is inserted into the inside of (hr 
back part of the os calcis. Its use is to assist 
m extending the toot. 
4 Popliteus arises from the outer condyle 
of the thigh. It is inserted into the upper and 
inner part ot the tibia. Its use is to 1 assist in 
bending the leg and rolling it inwards. 
m flexor longus digitorum pedis arises 
mom the upper and inner part of the tibia. It 
is inserted by four tendons, which, after pass- 
ing tin ongh the perforations in those of the 
flexor digitorum brevis, are inserted into the 
last bone ot all the toes, except the great toe. 
Its use is to bend the last joint of the toe 
T X or ;° n S l | s Pollicis pedis arises from 
, , P ait > , anc l a little below the head of 
me fibula It is inserted into the last bone of 
the great toe. Its use is to bend the ®reat 
toe. . » 1 
7. i lbiahs posticus arises from the back 
mu 10 edge ° f the tibia > aju! likewise 
m * llL mterosseous ligament and adjacent 
