los A N E 
pointed ; the stigmata obtuse : there is no 
pericarpium ; the receptaculum is globular : 
the seeds are very numerous. Of this genus 
there are twenty-eight species ; but those 
valuable on account of the beauty of their 
ii overs arc the following : 
1 . Anemone Appen’ma is a native of Bri- 
tain, and grows in woods. The Bowers of 
this species are sometimes single, and some- 
times doable; their colours are white, blue, 
or violet. They appear in April. 
2. Anemone Coronaria. 3. Anemone Hor- 
tensis. These two are natives of the Levant, 
particularly of the Archipelago islands, where 
the borders of the lields are covered with them 
of the most beautiful colours. When they 
grow wild, the flowers are commonly single; 
but by culture they are greatly improved : 
they become large and double, making some 
of the greatest ornaments of gardens. Their 
principal colours are red, white, purple, and 
blue ; some of them are finely variegated 
- with red, white, purple, and many inter- 
mediate shades of these colours. 
4. Anemone Nemorosa grows wild in the 
woods in many parts of Britain, where it 
flowers in April and May. The flowers are 
white, purple, or reddish purple, sometimes 
single, and sometimes double, so that they 
make a pretty appearance. 
The hepaticas and pulsatillas are now 
classed among the anemonies. All the single 
kinds are easily cultivated by seed, which 
must be sown in the spring in a wide pot or 
pan, and scarcely covered. The pot must 
stand out of the way of the sun, till the plants 
are strong, and they may be planted out in 
the autumn. The double anemonies are 
propagated by offsets. All the sorts are 
considered as among the finest ornaments of 
our gardens. 
AN EMOSCOPE, according to Vitruvius’s 
description, a machine shewing from what 
'point of the compass the wind blows. 
This is done by means of an index moving 
about au upright circular plate, the index 
being turned by an horizontal axis, and the 
axis by an upright staff, at the top of which 
is the fane moved about by the wind. 
ANETHUM, Dill, in botany, a genus of 
umbelliferous plants, of the digynia order, 
belonging to the pentandria class of plants, 
The essential characters are : the fruit is 
oval, compressed, striated ; and the petals, 
five, are involute, entire, and very short. 
There are three species. 
1. Akethum feniculum, or fennel; 
of which there are two varieties, the common 
and the sweet. Both sorts are cultivated in 
our gardens : the common is a perennial 
plant : the sweet fennel perishes, after it has 
given seed ; nor do its seeds come to per- 
fection in this climate. 
2. AnETHUM GRAVEOLENS, OV dill, is 
an annual plant. 
3. Finochio, a sallad herb. Of the first 
species, the fennel, both the seeds and roots 
are used in medicine. The seeds of both 
the fennels have an aromatic smell, and a 
moderately warm pungent taste: those of 
the sweet fennel are in flavour most agreeable, 
and have also a considerable degree of sweet- 
ness ; hence our colleges have directed the 
use of these only. They are ranked among 
the hot seeds, and are undeservedly looked 
upo i as stomachics. The whole of the genus 
are indeed only filthy weeds, unpleasant in the 
A N G 
taste, and causing the breath to smell of those 
who are so indelicate as to eat them. 
ANEURISM, or Aneurysm, in surgery, 
a throbbing tumour, distended with blood, 
and iormed by a dilatation or rupture of an 
artery. See Surgery. 
ANGARIA, in Roman antiquity, a kind of 
public service, imposed on the provincials, 
which consisted in providing horses and car- 
riages for the conveyance of military stores, 
and other public burdens. 
ANG ElOGRAPllY, or Angeiology, 
among anatomists, the description and his- 
tory of the several vessels of the human body, 
as the arteries, veins, lymphatics, &c. 
ANGEIOLOGY, the description of the 
vessels of the body, which are concerned in 
the circulation of the blood, and hi absorption. 
See Anatomy. 
ANGEL is a title given to bishops of se- 
veral churches. In this sense is St. Paul 
understood by some authors, where he says 
women ought to be covered in the church, 
because of the angels ; and thus in the Revela- 
tions, the seven stars are the angels, that is, 
bishops of the seven churches. 
Angel, in commerce, the name of an antient 
gold coin in England, of which some are still 
to be seen in the cabinets of the curious. It 
had its name from the figure of an angel, re- 
presented upon it. It was 2 3f carats fine, 
and weighed four pennyweights. Its value 
differed in different reigns. In the reign of 
Henry VI. it was 6s. 8d. ; in the 1st Henry 
VIII. 7s. 6d. ; in the 34th Henry VIII. 8s.; in 
the 6th Edward VI., and in the succeeding 
reigns of Mary and Elizabeth, it was 10s. 
ANGELIC garment, one which, among 
our ancestors, was put on a little before then- 
death, that they might have the prayers of 
the monks. 
ANGELICA, a genus of the digynia or- 
der, belonging to the pentandria class of plants, 
and in the natural method ranking under the 
45th order, umbellate. The essential cha- 
racters are : the fruit is roundish, angled, solid, 
with reflecting styli ; the corolla: are equal, 
and the petals meurvated. There are six 
species. The angelica arch-angelica, sativa, 
or common angelica, which is cultivated in 
gardens for medicinal use, and likewise for a 
sweetmeat, grows naturally in the northern 
countries. 
All the parts of angelica, especially the 
root, have a fragrant aromatic smell, and a 
pleasant bitterish warm taste, glowing upon 
the lips and palate for a long time after they 
have been chewed. The flavour of the seeds 
and leaves is very perishable, particularly that 
of the latter, which, on being barely dried, 
lose the greatest part of their taste and smell : 
the roots are more tenacious of their flavour, 
though even these lose part of it upon keep- 
ing. Angelica is one of the most elegant aro- 
matics of European growth, though little re- 
garded in the present practice. The root, 
which is the most efficacious part, is used in 
the aromatic tincture ; and the stalks make 
an agreeable sweetmeat. 
ANGELICS, in church history, anantient 
sect of heretics, supposed by some to have 
gained this appellation from their excessive ve- 
neration of angels, and by others from their 
maintaining that the world was created by 
angels. 
Angelics is also the name of an order 
of knights, instituted in 1191, by Angelus 
ANG 
Flavius Comnenus, emperor of Constan- 
tinople. 
ANGELITES, in church history, an an- 
tient sect of heretics, whose distinguishing 
tenet was, that the persons of the Trinity have 
uo distinct subsistence, but partake in com- 
mon of the same divine essence. 
ANGELQT, in the history of coins, a 
gold coin struck at Paris, while subject to the 
English, so called from the representation of 
an angel supporting the arms of England 
and France. 
AN G ERON ALIA, in antiquity, feasts ce- 
lebrated at Rome in honour of Angerona, the 
goddess of silence and patience. 
ANGINA, in medicine, a violent inflam- 
mation of tlie throat, otherwise called quinscy. 
Angina pectoris, a disease so called from 
thejseat of the disorder, and the sense of anx- 
iety and strangling with which it is attended. 
See Medicine. 
AN G 1 0 SP ER M I A, in the Linnsean sys- 
tem of botany, denotes those plants of the 
didynamia class, which have their seeds in- 
closed in a capsule, or seed-vessel. 
ANGLE, in geometry', the inclination of 
two lines meeting one another in a point, and 
called the legs of the angle. See Geometry. 
ANGLING, among sportsmen, the art of 
fishing with a rod, to which are fitted a line, 
hook, and bait. 
In angling the following rules are to be ob- 
served. 1. To place yourself so that your 
shadow does not at any time lie upon the wa- 
ter, if shallow. 2. To angle in a pond near 
the ford where the cattle go to drink, and in 
rivers, in such places as the fish you intend to 
angle for, usually frequent ; as tor breams, in 
the deepest water; for eels, under banks; 
for chub, in deep shaded holes; for perch, in 
scowrs ; for roach, in the same places ; for 
trouts, in quick streams. 
The best times for angling are from April 
to October; for in cold stormy weather, or 
bleak easterly winds, the fish will not bite. 
The time of the day, in the warm months, is 
in the morning, about nine o’clock, and in 
the afternoon, between three and five. In 
order to attract the fish to the place intended 
for angling, it will be proper once in four or 
five days to cast in some corn boiled soft, gar- 
bage, worms choptto pieces, or grains steeped 
in blood, and dried; and if you fish in a 
stream, it will be best to cast in the grains 
above the hook. 
The best way of angling with the fly, is 
down the river; and in order to make them 
rise freely, be sure to use such flies as you 
know they arc naturally inclined to, and in 
such manner as they are accustomed to re- 
ceive them. 
ANGON, in the^mtient military art, a kind 
of javelin used by the French. They darted 
it a considerable distance. The iron head of 
this weapon resembled a flower-de-luce. It 
is the opinion of some writers, that the arms 
of France are not flowers, but the iron 
point of tlie angon, or javelin of the antient. 
French. 
ANGUINUM, ovum, among antient na- 
tualists, a fab ulous kind of egg, said to be 
produced by the saliva of a cluster of ser- 
pents, and possessed of certain magical vir- 
tues. 
This name is also given by Mercatus to 
the lapis scol pendrites. 
AN GUIS, in zoology, the name of a genus 
