A N G 
A N N 
of serpents, distinguished from the rest by 
having the belly and under part of the tail 
covered with scales, like those on the other 
parts of the body. The body is shorter, and 
more uniformly 'cylindric, than in the genus 
of the coluber, and the eyes are in general 
small, and the tail rather obtuse. No poi- 
sonous species of anguis has yet been dis- 
covered. There are 15 species; the most 
remarkable are: 
Anguis bipes, or two-footed snake ; it is a na- 
tive of the Indies, and has two shortfeet, with 
two toes, near the anus. In every scale of 
this species there is a brown point. 2. Anguis 
cerastes, a native of Egypt. 3. Anguis colu- 
brina, an inhabitant of Egypt. 4. Anguis 
eryx, a native of Britain, and likewise of 
America, is about a span in length, and about 
the thickness of a man’s finger. One from 
Aberdeenshire, described by Mr. Pennant, 
was fifteen inches long: the belly is of a 
bluish lead colour, marked with small white 
spots, irregularly disposed; the rest of the 
body of a greyish brown, with three longi- 
tudinal dusky lines ; one extending from the 
head, along the back, to the point of the tail ; 
the others broader, and extending the whole 
length of the sides. 5. Anguis fragilis, (seeplate, 
Nat. Hist. hg. 20) or glass snake of Catesby. 
The skin is smooth, with small scales, closely 
connected. A small blow with a stick wall cause 
the body to separate, not only at the place 
struck, but at two or three other places, the 
muscles being articulated in a singular man- 
ner quite through to the vertebra. 'They ap- 
pear earlier in the spring than any other 
serpent, and are numerous in the sandy woods 
of Virginia and Carolina. 6. Anguis jaculus, 
or dart snake. Anguis laticauda, a native 
of Suiinain. 7. Anguis lumbricalis, a native 
of America. 8. Anguis maculata, a native of 
America. 9. Anguis ineleagris, is a native of 
the Indies. 10- Anguis plat ura : the head is ob- 
long and without teeth ; the body is about a 
foot and a half long, black above and white 
below. 1 1. Anguis quadrupes, or four-footed 
snake. The body of this species is cylindri- 
cal, with 14 or 15 longitudinal ash-coloured 
streaks ; the teeth are extremely small ; it 
has no ears : the feet are at a great distance 
from each other, very short, with five toes 
and small nails ; but the toes are so minute, 
that they can hardly be numbered. It is a 
native of Java. 12. Anguis reticulata, a native 
of America. 13. Anguis scytale, a native of the 
Indies, is white, interspersed with brownish 
rings. 14. Anguis ventral is, blind worm, or slo w 
worm, grows to about afoot in length, and to 
the thickness of a man’s little finger ; the head 
is small ; the neck still more slender; from 
that part the body grows suddenly, and con- 
tinues of an equal bulk to the tail, which ends 
quite blunt. The colour of the back is cine- 
rous, marked with very small lines, composed 
of minute black specks. It resembles the 
viper, in the manner of producing its young, 
which are put forth alive. It is frequent 
with us in gardens and pastures, where it 
lives principally under ground, feeding on 
worms. 
ANGUIUM lapis, the name of a sup- 
posed stone in Germany, which is cylindric, 
with a cavity capable ot admitting the linger ; 
of a yellow colour, with variegations. The 
vulgar think it derives its origin from a ser- 
pent ant, but it is certainly made of glass, 
tinged with two or three colours. They were 
A N I 
probably used for the same purposes with the 
anguinum ovum. 
ANGURIA, the water-melon, a genus of 
the diandria order, belonging to the moncecia 
class of plants, and in the natural method 
ranking under the 34th order, cucurbitaceic. 
The essential characters are these: the male 
calyx is quinquefid, and the corolla quinque- 
petalous: the female calyx and corolla the 
same: the pericarpium is a pome beneath, 
with two cells: the seeds are numerous. Of 
this genus, Linnaeus reckons three species, 
viz. 
1. Anguria pedata; 2. Anguria trifoliata; 
and, 3. Anguria trilobata. Of these only one 
species is known in this country, by the name 
ofCitrul. The. fruit is cultivated in Spain, 
Portugal, Italy, and other warm countries of 
Europe ; as also in Africa, Asia, and Ame- 
rica, where it is esteemed on account of its 
cooling quality; but iu Britain it is deservedly 
held in little estimation. 
ANGUSTIGLAVIA, in Roman antiquity, 
a tunic embroidered with little purple studs. 
It was worn by the Roman knights, as the 
laticlavia was by the senators. 
ANIMAL, in natural history, an organ- 
ized and living body, which is also endowed 
with sensation: thus, minerals are said to 
grow or increase, plants to grow and live, but 
animals alone to have sensation. 
The description, history, and classing of 
animals, makes not only a considerable, but 
the most excellent part of natural history, 
known by the name of zoology. Different 
authors have established different divisions 
or families of animals; but the most natural 
one seems to be into quadrupeds, birds, 
fishes, amphibious animals, insects, and ani- 
malcules, visible only by the help of a micro- 
scope. 
Animals, in heraldry, are much used, 
both as bearings and supporters. 
Animal manures, in agriculture, are all 
such as are formed from the decomposition 
of animal substances of any kind, as flesh, 
blood, hair, wool, bones, fat, &c. these are 
generally considered as more powerful in 
their effects, in promoting vegetation, than 
such as arc derived from vegetable bodies. 
Animal matter, in chemistry. See Che- 
mistry. 
Animal secretion, the separation of the 
several fluids of the body from the blood. 
Animal si/stem denotes the whole class of 
beings endowed with animal life, otherwise 
called the animal kingdom, 
An mal fossile substances, those found 
buried in the earth at various depths, and 
embedded among various strata: these are 
principally, (1) sea-shells: (2) the teeth, 
bony palate, and bones of fishes; (3) the 
bones of land animals ; (4) complete fish. - 
Animal economy, the structure and uses 
of the different parts of the body . • 
ANIMALCULE, an animal so minute in 
its size, as not to be the immediate object of 
our senses. 
Animalcules are seen only by the assistance 
of microscopes, and are perhaps more nume- 
rous than any other part of the animal creation; 
but the species, on a close examination, are 
found, to be but few, in proportion to the 
number of individuals. The most obvious 
distinction among them is, that some have, 
and others have not tails ; and that some 
have, and others have not visible limbs. Ac- 
109 - 
cording, therefore, to these characters, they 
are arranged under three classes, distinguished 
by the names of gvmnia, cerca; in, arthronia ; 
the first containing those which have no 
visible limbs, nor any tail; the second, those 
which have tails ; the third, those which have 
visible limbs. 
Animalcules arc discovered by the micro- 
scope in most liquors, as water, wine, vinegar, 
&c. in several chalybeat waters, in oats, bar- 
ley, &c. and in the pustules of the itch. See 
Microscope. 
ANIMATED power, in mechanics, de- 
notes a man, or other animal, in opposition 
to weights, &c. 
ANIMATION, suspended. See Drown- 
ing. 
ANIME, or Gum animye, in natural his- 
tory and pharmacy, a kind of gum, or rather 
resin, being a friable substance, inflammable, 
and soluble in highly rectified spirit. T here 
are two kinds, the oriental and occidental : 
the oriental is a dry resin, brought in large 
casks, and of a very uncertain colour, some 
being greenish, some reddish, and some of 
the colour of myrrh. See Hymen^a. 
The occidental ' is a yellowish white, re- 
sembling frankincense in colour. Both kinds 
are used in perfumes, and in medicine .ex- 
ternally. 
An imf/, in heraldry, a term used when 
the eyes of any rapacious creature are borne 
of a different tincture-from the creature itself. 
AN IM ELL/E, the glands under the ears, 
called also lactiinea. 
ANINGA, in commerce, a root which 
grows in the Antilles islands, and is pretty 
much like the china plant. It is used by 
sugar-bakers for refining the sugar, and is 
more effectual and less dangerous than the 
sublimate of mercury and arsenic. 
ANISE, anisum, in the materia medica, a 
small seed; of an oblong shape, ending each 
way in an obtuse point, with a surface very 
deeply striated, and of a lax and brittle sub- 
stance. For the plant which produces it, 
sec PlM PIN ELLA. 
ANKER, a liquid measure at Amsterdam. 
It contains about thirty-two gallons English 
measure. 
ANNALE, in the church of Rome, a term 
applied to the masses celebrated for the 
dead, during a whole year. 
ANNALS, a species of history, which re- 
lates events in the chronological order w here- 
in they happened. 
A NN ATES, • or first fruits, - a year’s in- 
come of a spiritual living. 
These were, in antient times, given to the 
pope throughout all Christendom, upon the 
decease of any bishop, abbot, or parish-clerk, 
and were paid by his successor . In England, 
the pope claimed them first- of such foreigners 
as he conferred benefices upon, by way of 
provision; but afterwards they were de- 
manded of all other clerks on their admission 
to benefices. At the reformation, they were 
taken from the. pope, and vested in the king; 
and finally, queen Anne restored them to the 
church, , by appropriating them to the aug- 
mentation of poor livings. 
ANNEALING, or N ealing, as it is 
called by the workmen, is a process particu- 
larly employed in the glass-houses, and con- 
sists in putting the glass- vessels as soon as 
they are formed, and while they are yet hot, 
into a furnace or oven, not so hot as to remelt 
