] 14 
ANT 
ANT 
and feeding on the finer and more aromatic 
plants. It is said to be so averse to water, 
that it will not go into it even to save its 
life, when driven by dogs to the brink of a 
river. If taken young it maybe easily tamed. 
Its liesh is much esteemed as a food, and the 
horns are in great request among the Chinese 
for various purposes. The female has no 
horns. 
18. Subgutturosa, or Guldeusted’s ante- 
lope. This species was first described by 
IS 1 r. Guldensted, in the Petersburgh Trans- 
actions. It is found in Persia, between the 
Caspian and the Black Seas ; its size and ge- 
neral appearance is that of a roebuck, of a 
gregarious nature, and it feeds principally on 
the artemisia pontica. 
19. Antilope euchore, or springer. 
“ This elegant species weighs about fifty 
pounds, and is rather less than a roebuck ; 
inhabits the Cape of Good Hope; called 
there the spring-bock, from the prodigious 
leaps it takes on the sight of any body. 
When alarmed it has the power of expand- 
ing the white space about the tail into the 
form of a circle, which returns to its linear 
form when the animal is tranquil. They 
migrate annually from the interior parts in 
small herds, and continue in the neighbour- 
hood of the Cape for two or three months, 
then join companies, and go off in troops, 
consisting of many thousands, covering the 
great plains for several hours in their passage ; 
are attended in their migrations by numbers 
of lions, hyaenas, and other wild beasts, which 
make great destruction among them ; are 
excellent eating, and, with other antelopes, 
are the venison of the Cape. They make 
periodical migrations in seven or eight years, 
in herds of many hundred thousands, from 
the north, from the interior parts of Terra 
de Natal. They are compelled to it by the 
excessive drought which happens in that re- 
§ ion, where sometimes there does not fall a 
rop of rain for two or three years. These 
animals, in their course, desolate Caffraria, 
spreading over the whole country, and not 
leaving a blade of grass. Lions attend them : 
where one of those beasts of prey are, the 
place is known by the vast void visible in the 
midst of the timorous herd. On its- approach 
to the Cape, it is observed that the avant 
guard is very fat, the. centre less so, and the 
rear guard almost starved, being reduced to 
live on the roots of the plants devoured by 
those which went before ; but on their return 
they become the avant guard, and thrive 
in their turn on the renewed vegetation ; 
while the former, now changed into the rear 
guard, are famished, by being compelled to 
take up with the leavings of the others. 
These animals are quite fearless, when as- 
sembled in such mighty armies ; ncr can a 
man pass through, unless he compels them 
to give way with a whip or a stick. W hen 
taken young, they are easily domesticated : 
the males are very wanton, and are apt to 
butt at strangers with their horns.” 
20. Antilope arundinacea, or ritbock. The 
ritbock, or ritrebock, is so named from its 
chiefly frequenting reedy places. Its size is 
that of a roebuck, and its colour a very ele- 
gant pale grey, with the throat, belly, hips, 
and insides of the limbs, white, but without 
any dusky line of separation along the sides 
of the body, as in many other antelopes. 
21. Antilope sylvatica, or bosbock. Jn its 
general form this seems most allied to the 
harnessed antelope, but is said to be rather 
smaller. Like that species, it inhabits woods, 
and is found at a great distance above the 
Cape of Good Hope. Its colour is a dark 
brown above, and white beneath ; the head 
and neck having somewhat of a rufous cast, 
and the thighs are marked with several small 
round white spots. 
22. Eleotragus, or cinereous antelope. This 
appears to be an elegant species, and is sup- 
posed to be a native of Africa. The head, 
hind part, and sides of neck, back, sides, 
shoulders, and thighs, of a most elegant grey- 
ish ash-colour ; front of the neck, breast, bel- 
ly, and legs, pure white; horns marked with 
spiral wreaths. Mr. Pennant places it among 
those whose horns incline forw ards. 
23. Dorcas, or Barbary antelope. This 
species is about half the size of a fallow- deer ; 
its colour is reddish-brown above, and white 
beneath; the two colours being separated by 
a dark or blackish lateral line or stripe; on 
each knee is a tuft of blackish hair; the horns 
are 12 inches long, of a round or cylindric 
form, and incline liist backwards, then bend 
in the middle, and lastly, revert forwards at 
their tips ; they are of a black colour, and are 
annulated with about 13 rings on- the lower 
part. 
24. Keve'lla, or flat-horned antelope. This 
animal, in its general appearance, so exceed- 
ingly resembles the Barbary antelope, that it 
might readily pass for a variety of the same 
species, was it not that the horns, instead of 
being round, are flattened on their sides, and 
marked by somewhat more numerous rings. 
Its size is that of a small roebuck, and it is 
chiefly found, in Senegal, but is said to occur 
also in Barbary and in Persia. It lives in 
large flocks, and has an odour resembiing-that 
of musk. 
25. Pygarga, or white-faced antelope. So 
great is the similitude between this species 
and the flat-horned antelope, that the chief 
difference appears to consist in size; this 
being larger than a fallow deer. The horns 
resemble those of tire animal before-men- 
tioned, and are 16 inches long, and about 5 
between tip and tip ; they are very Strongly 
annulated in the male, but said to be nearly 
smooth in the female; the face is white ; the 
cheeks and neck, in the living animal, of a 
bright bay ; the back and upper parts of ferru- 
ginous brown, with a dark stripe down the 
back ; the belly and rump white, as is also, 
in theLeverian specimen, the lower half of the 
legs ; the sides of the body are* marked, as 
in many others of this genus, with a dark or 
blackish stripe ; the tail is about seven inches 
long, covered with black hairs, which extend 
some inches beyond the end. 
26. Antilope corinna, or corine. The co- 
rine is somewhat smaller than a roebuck, and 
is a native of Senegal and other parts of 
Africa. 
27. Sumatrensis, or Sumatran antelope. 
The Sumatran antelope was first mentioned 
by Mr. Marsden, in his account of (hat island, 
under the name of cambing ootan, or goat of 
the woods. 
'28. Leucophsea, or blue antelope. This, 
is a species of very considerable size, being 
larger than a fallow deer, and from the form 
of its horns, and the length of its hair, may 
be said to connect, -in some degree, the an- 
telope with the goats. 
A N-T 
ANTENNiE, in the history of insecfs, 
slender filaments with which nature has fur- j 
nished the heads of these creatures, being the 
same with what in English are called horns, 
or feelers. 
The structure of the antenna? in different I 
bisects are thus characterized. ^ Setaceas, I 
those which resemble a bristle: Filiformes, 
uniform, like a thread: Moniliforms, like I 
the filiform, but consisting of a series of round I 
knots: Clavataj, club-shaped, increasing. I 
from the base to the extremity : Capitatas, I 
like the former, but the last articulation larger 1 
than the rest, and forming a capital or head : J 
Fissiles are capitatcc, but have the head di- | 
vided horizontally into lamina:: Perfolia- I 
tas are likewise capitata?, but the head di- I 
viued horizontally, and connected by a kind. I 
of thread that passes through the centre: Pec- a 
TiNATiE, resembling a comb or feather, hav-ji 
ing lateral appendages on both sides: Aris-tT 
tat as, have a lateral hair, which is either.-l 
naked or furnished with lesser hair. 
ANTEPAGMENTA, in the undent ar-j 
chitecture, the jams of a door. r I hey are also ;! 
ornaments in carved work, of men, animals,! 
&c. made either of wood or stone, and set oil i| 
thoarcliitrave.. 
ANTEPENULTIMA, in grammar, the! 
last syllable but two from the end of a word, j 
ANTEPREDIC AMENTS, among logi-| 
cians, certain preliminary questions, whicljJ 
illustrate the doctrine of predicaments and ca-1 
tegories. They are so called because Aris- J 
totle has placed them before the predica-| 
merits, in order to treat that subject afterwards! 
without interruption. 
ANTESIGNANI, in the Roman armies J 
soldiers placed before the standards, in order! 
to defend them, according to Lipsius ; but! 
Caesar and Livy mention the antesignani asl 
the first line, or first body, of heavy-armecLj 
troops. The velites, who used to skirmish be^ 
fore the army, were likewise called antesig*! 
nani. 
ANTESINISTRA, a name given by the* 
augurs of Rome to thunderbolts, or birds J 
which proceeded from the south and passed; 
to the east, and were supposed to afford urfl 
favourable presages. 
ANTESTARJ, denoted to bear witness! 
against any one who refused to make his ap-i 
pearance in the Roman courts of judicature! 
on the day appointed, according to the tenor! 
of his bail. He might then be brought by ! 
force into court, some persons being called^ 
to bear witness of the fact. 
ANTHELION, a mock sun, or meteor,* 
seen through the clouds, larger than the disk] 
of the sun. In its most refulgent state it is' 
yellow as the sun, but the lucid tract sur- 
rounding it is of a paler yellow, interspersed! 
with reddish spots. _ 4 
ANTHELIX, in anatomy, the inward pro- 
tuberance of the external ear, being a semi- 
circle within, and almost parallel to the hefrx.j 
ANTHELMINTICS, medicines to de- 
stroy worms. See Materia Medica. .1 
ANTHEMIS, camomile, a genus of the 
polygamia superllua order, belonging to the 
syngensia class of plants; and in the natural 
method ranking under the 49th order, com- 
posit as discoides. The essential character! 
are these; the receptaculum is chaffy there 
is no pappus ; the calyx is hemispheric am 
subequal ; and the florets of the ray are mow 
than five. Of this genus there are 19 sp* 
