ANT 
A N T 
A N T 
alloys have not been applied to any use. An- 
timony and gold may be combined by fu- 
sion, and form a brittle compound of a yellow 
colour. Great attention was paid to this 
alloy by the alchymists, who affirmed that 
the quantity of gold might be increased by al- 
loying it with antimony, and then purifying it. 
Platina easily combines with antimony. The 
alloy is brittle, and much lighter than plati- 
na. The antimony cannot afterwards be 
completely separated by heat. Silver may 
be alloyed with antimony by fusion. The 
alloy is brittle, and its specific gravity, as 
Gellert has observed, is greater than inter- 
mediate between the specific gravities of the 
two metals which enter into it. Antimony 
does not amalgamate with mercury while 
cold. When three parts of mercury are 
mixed with one part of melted antimony, a 
soft amalgam is obtained, which very ^oon 
decomposes of itself. Gellert also succeeded 
in forming tins amalgam. Copper combines 
readily with antimony by fusion. The alloy, 
when it consists of equal parts of the two 
metals, is of a beautiful violet colour, and its 
specific gravity is greater than intermediate. 
This alloy was called regulus of Venus by 
the alchymists. Iron combines with antimony 
by fusion, and forms a brittle hard alloy, the 
specific gravity of which is less than interme- 
diate. The magnetic quality of iron is much 
more diminished by being alloyed with anti- 
mony than with most other metals. This al- 
loy may lie obtained also by fusing in a cru- 
cible two parts of sulphuret and one of iron. 
It was formerly called martial rcgulus. The 
alloy of tin and antimony' is white and brittle ; 
its specific gravity is less than intermediate. 
This alloy is employed for different purposes ; 
particularly for making the plates on which 
music is engraved. When equal quantities 
of lead and antimony are fused, the alloy 
is porous and brittle : three parts of lead and. 
one of antimony form a compact alloy, 
malleable, and much harder than lead : 12 
parts of lead and one of antimony form an 
alloy very malleable, and a good deal harder 
than lead: 16 parts of lead and one of an- 
timony form ;m alloy which does not differ 
from lead except in hardness. This alloy 
forms printers’ types. Its tenacity is very 
Considerable, and its specific gravity is great- 
er than the mean. Zinc may be readily 
combined with antimony by fusion. The 
alloy is hard and brittle, and has the colour 
of steel. Its specific gravity is less than inter- 
mediate. Antimony forms a brittle alloy 
with bismuth ; to manganese it unites but 
imperfectly : the compounds which it forms 
with nickel and cobalt have not been exa- 
mined. 
VI. The affinities of antimony, and of its 
oxides, are according to Bergman, as fol- 
lows : 
Antimony* 
Iron, 
Copper, 
Tin, 
Lead, 
Nickel, 
Silver, 
Bismuth,. 
Zinc, 
Gold, 
Platina, 
Mercury, 
Arsenic, 
Oxide of Antimony. 
Muriatic,. 
Oxalic, 
Sulphuric, 
Nitric, 
Tartaric, 
Saclactic, 
Phosphoric, 
Citric, 
Succinic, 
Fluoric, 
Arsenic, 
Lactic, 
Antimony. Oxide of Antimony. 
Cobalt, Acetic, 
Sulphur. Boracic, 
Prussic, 
Carbonic. 
ANTINOMIANS, in church history, cer- 
tain heretics who first appeared about the 
year 1535; and so called, because they re- 
jected the law, as of no use under the gospel 
dispensation. 
The name is now applied to a sect of high 
Calvinists, who sprung up in England about 
the time of Oliver Cromwell, and who are 
accused of maintaining that the elect are in- 
capable of incurring guilt for whatever actual 
sins they may commit. 
ANTIPAXHESj the name of a genus in 
the zoophyta order of vermes : the character 
is, animal growing in the form of a plant ; 
stem within horny, with small spines ; base 
expanded, the outside covered with gelati- 
nous flesh, and numerous polypiferous warts. 
There are several species, as spiralis, myrio- 
phylla, &c. See Plate, Nat. liist. lig. 24. 
ANTIPHONY, in music, the name which 
the Greeks gave to that kind of symphony 
which was executed in octave of double oc- 
tave. It is likewise the answer made by one 
choir to another, when an anthem is sung be- 
tween them. 
ANTIPHRASIS, in rhetoric, a figure by 
which in saying one thing we mean the con- 
trary. 
r i his figure regards sentences, and not 
single words. 
ANTIPODES, in geography, a name 
given to those inhabitants of the globe that 
live diametrically opposite to one another. 
They lie under opposite parallels, and oppo- 
site meridians. They have the same elevation 
of their different poles. It is midnight with 
one when it is noon with the other ; the 
longest day with the one is the shortest with 
the other ; and the length of the day with the 
one is equal to that of the night of the other. 
AN 1 1PTOSIS, in rhetoric, a figure which 
puts one case for another. 
ANTIQUARE, among Roman lawyers, 
denotes the rejecting a new law, or refusing to 
pass it. 
ANTIQUARY, a person who studies and 
searches after monuments and remains of an- 
tiquity. 
The Society of Antiquaries in London 
was instituted in the year 1751. Every mem- 
ber pays five guineas as an admission fee, and 
two guineas a year, or an additional sum of 
twenty-one guineas. They hav.e weekly 
meetings every Thursday evening at their 
rooms in Somerset-house. A similar society 
was founded in Edinburgh in 1780. 
Antiq.uae.y, is also used by antient 
writers for the keeper of a cabinet of antiqui- 
ties. John Lelaud was antiquarv to Henry 
vm. 
ANTIQUE, in a general sense, something 
that is antient ; but the term is chiefly used 
. by sculptors, painters, and architects, to de- 
note such pieces of their different arts as were 
made by the antient Greeks and Romans. 
Thus we say, an antique bust, an antique sta- 
tue, &c. See Sculpture. 
ANTIQUITIES. There is scarcely a term, 
perhaps, in any language so thoroughly com- 
prehensive as that now before us : since it im- 
plies all testimonies or authentic accounts that 
have come down to us, which illustrate either 
117 
the particular or universal history of antient 
nations: a science equally complicated .as 
extensive. 
To enter elaborately into the subject would 
be to rewrite a hundred treatises : we must, 
here, content ourselves with an elementary 
survey ; and without extending our views 
to those wlio have written on more trifling 
objects of enquiry, divide antiquities into' two 
grand classes, political and monumental : 
tiie first forming a general, the other a parti- 
cular study: the first embracing all that can 
increase our knowledge of civil institutions, 
the latter entirely confining itself to works of 
art ; and, together, affording the most effec- 
tual means ot learning the genius and manners 
of the various nations of the world. For the 
latter of these classes we shall refer (o the re- 
spective arts whose investigation is concern-* 
ed. But for the illustration of the funner, we 
shall present a general view of antient history, 
confining ourselves to those which may be 
deemed either leading, or the parent, coun- 
tries of science, in the different periods : be- 
ginning our researches with the Jens, at a 
time when the history of every other country 
is involved in darkness and uncertainty ; pro- 
ceeding with the Egyptians and the Indians r 
the remnants of whose greatness preserve the 
earliest relics of profane history ; following 
them up with the Greek and Roman antiqui- 
ties ; and concluding with the antiquities of 
Britain. On the Egyptian and Indian anti- 
quities we shall be more circumstantial than 
on those of other countries ; since their his- 
tory and remains present a field of enquiry 
still open to investigation. 
T he history of a people persecuted and 
scattered through tire world, yet whom no 
change of fortune has been able to eradicate, 
is a subject of consideration too deep and too- 
important to leave a slight impression on the 
mind. But the history of the Jews has even 
more to boast : in the records of their nation 
they pass the general flood, the boundary to 
the annals of every other people ; and fairly 
trace their ancestry back to the common fa- 
ther of the human race. 
In the Bible we find the only authentic 
history of the origin, ordinances, and vicissi- 
tudes of tire nation : from that we learn, that 
their religious rites were divinely communi- 
cated. Unlike to every other people, they 
have remained distinct; and are continued so 
for greater ends than the meanness of tireir 
present state may seem to promise. 
Could we ascertain the antiquities of Egypt 
with precision, those of the Jews might be ex- 
pected thence to receive collateral illustra- 
tion ; since Moses, their great law giver, was con- 
fessedly educated in the schools- of Egyptian* 
learning and legislation : aryl many even of : 
the metaphors he uses hr the Pentateuch are 
supposed to bear some connection with ob- 
jects or symbols communicated to him by the- 
Egyptian priests. 
to the more enlightened nations of anti- 
quity, however, their history and their reli- 
gious customs were equally unintelligible- 
The Greeks, by a fabulous tradition, deduced 
them from Jupiter and Saturn ; and the Ro- 
mans, till Tacitus’s time, knew little of them. 
1 aeitus> indeed charges the whole nation wit \ 
’ a sullen hatred of all mankind. In one or 
two cases he gives something that appears ton 
border on the truth. But, in the general ac- 
count, he relates the various opinions that 
