<MI* 
f 
Trail are of the satne size with the last. The 
large kind that is now cultivated through- 
out most parts of Great Britain, are either 
entirely of a foreign extraction, or our own 
improved by a cross with the foreign kind. 
The Lincolnshire kind derive their size from 
fhe Holstein breed; and the large hornless 
cattle that are bred in some parts of Eng- 
land came originally from Poland. 
3d. Indian ox. This variety is found in 
many parts of India, also in the Indian and Af- 
rican islands, and particularly in Madagascar. 
It is of a reddish colour, of a very large size, 
and is distinguished by a very large pro- 
tuberance above the shoulders. 
4th. Zebu. This variety resembles the 
preceding, but is extremely small, being 
found in some parts of India of a size scarcely 
larger than a great dog. In colour it differs 
.like the common cattle ; being either grey, 
brown, white, &c. or variously spotted. See 
Tlate Nat. Hist. Eg. 60. 
5th. Loose-horned ox. This is said to be 
found in Abyssinia and Madagascar, and to 
be distinguished by pendulous ears, and 
horns attached only to the skin, so as to hang 
down on each side. 
6. Beury. Of the size of a camel, and of 
a snowy-whiteness, with a protuberance on 
the back. Native of Madagascar, and some 
other islands, called by the name of Boury. 
7. Tinian ox. Of a white colour, with 
; hlark ears. Inhabits the island of Tinian. 
TT. Bos arn ee. (Ox with upright lunated 
horns, Eat and wrinkled on their upper sur- 
face.) 
This is an Indian species, known chiefly 
from its vast horns, which are sometimes 
seen in museums, and from Indian pointings, 
in which it is occasionally represented. It 
is said to have been met with by a British 
■officer, in the woods above Bengal, and 
to have been about fourteen feet high, which 
is to be understood of the measure from the 
hoofs to the top of the horns. It partakes of 
the form of the horse, the bull, and the deer, 
and is a very bold and daring animal. 
III. Bos Babylus, or Buffalo, (ox with 
boras lying backwards, turning inwards, and 
flat on (lie fore part.) See PI. Nat. Hist. fig. 61. 
In itjS general appearance, the buffalo is 
so nearly allied to the common ox, that 
without an attentive examination, it might 
pass for a variety of the same animal. It 
differs, however, in the form of its horns, 
and in some particulars relative to its in- 
ternal structure. The buffalo is rather su- 
perior in size to the common ox; the head 
larger in proportion ; the forehead higher ; 
the muzzle of a longer form, but at the same 
time broad and square. But it is principally 
the form of the horns that distinguishes the 
buffalo. They are large, and of a compress* 
ed or depressed form, with the exterior 
edge sharp. The buffalo has an appearance 
of great strength, and a more ferocious or 
malignant aspect than the bull ; owing to 
the convexity of his forehead, the smallness 
of his eyes, the flatness of his muzzle, and 
the flatter and more inclined position of his 
horns. The general or prevailing colour of 
the buffalo is blackish, except the hair on the 
top of the forehead, and that at the tip of 
the tail, which is of a yellowish white : the 
jskin itself is also of a 1)1 ack colour ; and from 
this general cast it is but very seldom ob- 
served to vary. 
B O S, 
As the buffalo in his domesticated state i's? 
in general, larger and stronger than the ox, 
he is employed with advantage in different 
kinds of labour. Buffaloes are made to draw 
heavy loads, and are commonly directed 
and restrained by means of a ring passed 
through the nose. Two buffaloes yoked, or 
rather chained, to a cart, are able to draw 
as much as four strong horses. As they 
carry their neck and head low, the whom 
weight of their body is employed in drawing; 
and their mass much surpasses that of a la- 
bouring horse. In its habits the buffalo is 
much less cleanly than the ox ; delighting 
to wallow in the mud ; and, next to the hog, 
mav be considered as the dirtiest of domes- 
ticated quadrupeds. His voice is deeper, 
more uncouth and hideous, than that of the 
bull. The milk of the female buffalo is said 
by some authors to be not so good as that 
of the cow ; but it is more plentiful, and is 
used for the purposes of the dairy in the 
warmer regions. Italy is the country where 
buffaloes are at present most common in a 
domesticated state ; being used, as in India, 
both for the dairy and tor draught. The 
district of the Pontine marshes is the spot 
which may be considered as their principal 
station. In India this animal is occasionally 
used for the saddle, as a substitute for the 
horse. 
The buffalo, like other animals of this ge- 
nus, admits of varieties as to size and figure. 
Of these the most remarkable is the small 
naked Indian buffalo of Mr. Pennant, which 
is the size of a runt, with a nearly naked body, 
thinly beset with bristly hair : the rump and 
thighs quite bare ; the first being marked on 
each side with dusky stripes pointing down- 
wards, the last with two transverse stripes : 
the horns compressed sideways, taper, and 
sharp at the point. It is a native of India. 
Another variety, still smaller, is said to 
occur in the mountains ot the Celebes, which 
are full of caverns. T his variety is of the 
size of a middling sheep, and is seen in 
small herds, very wild, and difficult to be 
taken; and even in confinement are so fierce, 
that Mr. Pennant records an instance of four- 
teen stags being destroyed in the space of a 
single night by one of these animals which 
was kept in the same paddock. 
IV. Bos Moschatus, or musk ox, hav- 
ing very long pendant hair, and lvorns (in the 
male approximated at the base) bending 
inwards and downwards, and outwards at the 
tips. 
It is a native of North America, where it 
appears to be a very focal animal ; being 
found first in the tract between Churchill 
river and that of the Seals, on the west side 
of Hudson’s-bay ; and is very numerous be- 
tween the latitudes 66 and 73 north, which 
is as far as ally tribes of Indians go. 
This animal is but of small size, being 
father lower than the deer, but larger or 
thicker in body. The hair/ in the male, is 
of a dusky red colour, extremely fine, and 
so long as to trail on the ground, and ren- 
der the animal a seemingly shapeless mass, 
without distinction of head or tail : the legs 
are very short ; the shoulders rise into a 
lump, and the tail is very short, being a 
kind of stump of a few inches only, with very 
long hairs. Beneath the hair, on all parts 
of the animal, is an extremely fine cinere- 
ous wool, which id said to be more beautiful 
than silk when manufactured into Stocking? 
and other articles. The horns are closely 
united at the base, bending inwards and 
downwards ; but turning outwards towards' 
the tips, which are very sharp : near the 
base the horns are two feet in girth, but are 
only two feet long when measured along the 
curvature: the weight of a pair, separated 
from the head, is sometimes sixty pounds. 
The cow, or female, differs from the male 
in having the horns much smaller, and placed 
at the distance of nine inches from each 
other at the base. 
The general colour of the cow is black, 
except that the legs are whitish, and between 
the horns there is a bed of white hair inter- 
mixed with rust-colour ; a dusky mane, or 
elevated ridge of hair, runs along the back, 
afid on the middle of the back is an oblong 
patch or bed of pure white. 
These creatures delight most in rocky 
and barren mountains, and seldom frequent 
the wooded parts of the country. T hey run 
nimbly, and are very active in climbing the 
rocks. Their flesh tastes very strongly of 
musk ; and the heart in particular is said to 
be so thoroughly impregnated with the fla- 
vour as to be scarcely eatable. The flesh, 
however, is supposed to be very wholesome, 
and has been found a speedy restorative to 
sickly crews who have made it their food. 
V. Bos Grunniens, or Yak, (having with 
cylindrie horns curving outwards, very long 
pendant hair, and extremely villose horse-like 
tail,) is about the height of an English bull, 
which he resembles in the general figure of 
the body, head, and legs ; it is covered all 
over with a thick coat of long hair. The 
head is rather short, crowned with two smooth 
round horns, which, tapering from the root 
upwards, terminate in sharp points : they are 
arched inwards, bending towards each other, 
but near the extremities are a little turned 
back. 
They are a very valuable property to the 
tribes of itinerant T artars, called Huckba, 
who five in tents and tend them from place 
to place : they at the same time afford their 
herdsmen an easy mode of conveyance, a 
good covering, and wholesome subsistence. 
They are never employed in agriculture, but 
are extremely useful as beasts ot burden ; 
for they are strong, sure-footed, and carry a 
great weight. Tents and ropes are manu- 
factured of their hair ; and amongst the 
humbler ranks of herdsmen, caps and jackets 
are made of their skins. J heir tails are es- 
teemed throughout the East, as far as luxury 
and parade have any influence on the man- 
ners of the people. In India no man of 
fashion ever goes out, or sits in form at home, 
without two cbowrabadars, or brushers, at- 
tending him, each furnished with one of these 
tails mounted on silver or ivory handles, to 
brush away the flies. The Chinese dye 
them of a beautiful red, and wear them as 
tufts to their summer bonnets. 
The yak is the most fearful of animals, and 
very swift ; but when chased by men or dogs, • 
and finding itself nearly overtaken, it will face 
its pursuers, and hide its hind parts in some 
bush, and wait for them ; imagining that if 
it could conceal its tail, which was the object 
they were in search of, it would escape un- 
hurt. 
VI. Bos Caffer, or Cape ox, (having the 
horns very broad at the base, then spreading 
