BOTANY. 
most of which, particularly ivy and sine, 
have creeping branches, which attach them- 
s elves by roots or tendrils to other bodies. 
47. Stellate, from stella, a star, consist of 
plants with two naked seeds, and leaves dis- 
posed round the stem in form of a radiant 
star. Spigelia, dogwood, &c. belong to this 
order. They are opening and cordial. 
48. Aggregate, plants which have aggre- 
gate flowers, consist of a number of florets, 
each of which have a proper and common 
calyx: as dipsacus, scabius, See. 
49. Composite, plants with compound 
flowers. Carduns, xeranthemum, &c. are of 
this tribe. 
50. Amentace®, plants bearing catkins : 
salix, <kc. 
5 1 . Conifer®, from conus, a cone, and 
fero, to bear: plants whose female flowers, 
placed at a distance from the male, either on 
the same or distinct roots, are formed into a 
cone. The fir, pine, cypress, &c. all rank 
under this order. They are gummy and 
odorous. 
52. Coadsmate, from coadunare, to join, 
are so termed from the general appearance 
of the seed-vessels, which are numerous, and 
being slightly attached below, form all toge- 
ther a single fruit in the shape of a sphere or 
cone ; the parts of which, however, are easily 
separated, buck are the magnolia, tulip- 
tree, &c. 
53- Scabridae, from scaber, rough, consist 
of plants with rough leaves, which seem to 
be akin to the aspt rifoliae ; only their degree 
of roughness is much greater. Hemp, fig, &c. 
They are astringent. Their taste is bitter and 
styptic. 
54. Miscellanea?, miscellaneous plants. 
This order consists of such genera as are not 
connected together by very numerous rela- 
tions. 
55. Filices, ferns, bear their flower and 
fruit on the back of the leaf or stalk. They 
are opening and attenuating. 
56. Musci, mosses, resembling the pines, 
firs, and other evergreens of that class, in the 
form and disposition of their leaves, and 
manner of growth of the female flowers, which 
are generally formed into a Cone. They fre- 
quently creep, and extend like a carpet upon 
the ground, trees, and stones ; being gene- 
rally collected into bunches and tufts ; the 
smallest are only one-third of an inch in 
height, and the largest do not exceed five or 
six. 
57. Alg®, flags, or rather sea-weeds, con- 
sist of marine plants, &c. whose root, leaf, 
and stem, are all one. 
58. Fungi, mushrooms, are rarely branch- 
ed, sometimes creeping, but most commonly 
erect. These plants are very astringent. 
As food, they are at best suspicious ; some of 
them are rank poison. 
Plant® dubii ordinis, plants of uncertain 
order. Under this name Linnaeus classes all 
the other genera which cannot be reduced to 
any of the above-mentioned orders, and which 
are near 120 in number. 
Though we have already explained the 
most essential botanical terms, yet the stu- 
dent will often find it advantageous to have 
recourse to the following glossary ; which we 
would even recommend, should he in any of 
our descriptions of genera find a term which 
he does not understand. 
Yol, 1. 
A. 
Abbreviatum pcrianthium, a shortened cup, 
when the cup is shorter than the tube of 
the flower. 
Abortiens flos, a barren flower, such as pro- 
duces no fruit. 
Abrupta folia pinnata, winged leaves, ending 
without either foliole or cirrhus. 
Acaulis, without stalk or stem. 
Acerosa folia, chaffy leaves, when they are 
linear and abiding. 
Acicularis, needle-shaped. 
Acinaciform, falchion or cimeter-shaped. 
Acini, the small berries of a mulberry or 
bramble. 
Acotyledones, plants whose seeds have no 
cotyledons or seminal leaves. 
Aculei, prickles, fixed in the surface of the 
bark. 
Aculeatus caulis, a stalk or stem furnished 
with prickles. 
Acuminatum folium, a leaf ending in a point. 
Acutum folium, a leaf terminating in an acute 
angle. 
Adnatum folium, the disk of- the leaf pressing 
close to the stem of the plant. 
Adpressum folium, the disk of the leaf pressed 
to the stem. 
Adscendens caulis, or ramus, a stalk or branch 
inclining upwards. 
Adversum folium, an opposite leaf. 
Al®, wings, the side petals of a papilionaceous 
blossom, or membranes added to a seed, 
stalk, &c. 
Alated, winged. 
Alatus petiolus, the footstalk of a leaf winged 
with membranes. 
Alburnum, the white substance that lies be- 
tween the inner bark and the wood of trees. 
Alterni rami folia, leaves that come out sing- 
ly, and follow alternately in gradual order. 
Alveolated, deeply pitted, resembling a ho- 
ney-comb. 
Amentum, a thong, or a catkin. 
Amplexicaule folium, a leaf embracing the 
stalk, when the base of the leaf embraces 
the stem sideways. 
Anceps caulis, a double-edged stalk, i. e. 
compressed, and forming two opposite 
acute angles. 
Ancipitous, two-edged. 
Angulatus caulis, an angulated stalk. 
Angustifolious, narrow-leaved. 
Angiospermia, plants whose seeds are cover- 
ed with a capsule. 
Annua radix, an annual root ; that whicli lives 
but one year. 
Anthera, the summit of the stamen. 
Apertura, an opening in some species of an- 
thera'. 
Apetalous, having no petals or corolla. 
Apex, the top or summit. 
Aphy llous, destitute of leaves. 
Apophysis, an excrescence from the recep- 
tacle of the musci. 
Appendiculatus petiolus, a little appendage 
hanging from the extremity of the foot- 
stalk. 
Appressed, approaching to the stem. 
Approximata folia, leaves growing near each 
other. 
Arbor, a tree. 
Arboreus, arborescent; of the nature of a 
tree ; producing buds. 
Arbustiva, a copse of shrubs or trees. 
Arcuatum legumen, a curved or bent pod. 
Arista, the beard of corn or grasses. 
Kk 
25 ,* 
Articulates caulis, a stem with knots or joints. 
Articulus culmi, the straight part of the stalk 
between the two joints. 
Assurgentia folia, leaves first bent down, but 
rising erect towards the apex. 
Attenuates pedunculus, a footstalk that grows 
smaller towards the flower. 
Auctus calyx, an augmented flower-cup, hav- 
ing a series of distinct leaves, shorter than 
its own, that surround its base. 
Avenia folia, leaves which have no visible 
veins. 
Auriculatum folium, an ear-shaped leaf, when 
the leaf towards the ba,se has a lobe on each 
side. 
Axillaria folia, leaves growing out of the an- 
gles formed by the branches and the stem. 
B. 
Barba, a beard, a species of pubescence, 
sometimes on the leaves of plants. 
Barbata folia, leaves terminated by a bunch 
of strong hairs. 
Bicapsular, having two capsules. 
Biennis radix, a biennial root, which conti- 
nues to vegetate two years. 
Bifaria folia, leaves pointing two ways. 
Bifer® plant®, leaves that flower twice a year. 
Bifidum folium, a leaf divided into two parts. 
Biflorus pedunculus, a footstalk bearing tw© 
flowers. 
Bigeminum folium, a forked footstalk, with 
two little leaves on the apex of each divi- 
sion. 
Bijugum folium, a winged leaf bearing two 
pair of foliola. 
Bilabiata corolla, a corolla with two lips. 
Bilobatum folium, a leaf consisting of two 
lobes. 
Binatum folium, a digitate leaf, consisting of 
two foliola. 
Bipartitum folium, a leaf divided into two 
segments. 
Bipinnatum folium, a double-winged leaf, 
when the folioles of a pinnate leaf are aTso 
pinnate. 
Biternatum folium, a leaf where there are 
three folioles on a petiole, and each foliole 
is ternate. 
Bivalve, consisting of two valves. 
Braehiatus caulis, a stem branching in pairs, 
each pair standing at right angles with 
those above and below. 
Brachium, the arm, the tenth degree in the 
Linn®an scale for measuring plants, being 
24 Parisian inches. 
Bracteatus, having a bractea growing out of 
it. 
Bulbiferus caulis, a stalk bearing bujbs, as in 
lilium bulbiferum. 
Bulbosa radix, a bulbous root. 
Bullatum folium, a leaf whose surface rises 
above the veins, so as to appear like blis- 
ters. 
C. 
Caducus calyx, a flower-cup that falls off at 
the first opening of the flower. 
Calcariatus, resembling a spur. 
Calyculatus calyx, a little calyx added to a 
larger one. 
Calyptra, a veil or covering. 
Campanulata corolla, a bell-shaped flower. 
Canaliculata folia, leaves having a deep chan- 
nel running from the base to the apex. 
Capillaceum folium, a capillary leaf. 
Capillaris pappus, hairy down. 
Capillus, hair, the first degree of the Liansan 
