2/S 
B U L 
B U C 
\vhhish~yello\v, red, and black, and is as it 
were divided longitudinally by a line of black 
on each side, 'ibis bird, when full-grown, 
measures four feet from the point of the bill 
to the tip of the tail. The beak, far from 
being in proportion to the size of the bird, or 
useiul from its structure, seems to be a cum- 
in ous load to the animal destined to bear it ; 
nature does not furnish another example of 
a weapon of such magnitude attended with 
so little effect; the point of it, like that of a 
lever too far removed from the fulcrum, takes 
but a feeble hold ; it is of a substance so 
soft, that its edges are continually broken by 
the least resistance. This singular bird is 
found in Java, Sumatra, the Philippine islands, 
and othei parts of the lfast Indies. They are 
said to feed on flesh and carrion, and that 
they follow the hunters for the purpose of 
feeding on the entrails of the beasts which 
the}' kill: that they chase rats and mice, 
nnd, alter pressing them flat, toss them up 
and catch them in their descent, swallowing 
them whole. 
2 - The galeatus, or helmeted hornbill. 
I he p evading colour of the bird is black; 
and ol the helmet the tops of snuff-boxes are 
sometimes made. 
3 - fhe Malabaricus, or pied hornbill. 
this species is two feel ten inches from the 
point of the bill to the extremity of the tail, 
its bill is eight inches long and two broad, 
anu bent from the straight position ; a false 
bill sits like a horn close on the first, and fol- 
lows its curvature, and is extended from the 
case to withm two inches of the point. This 
bird has been called the Indian raven, the 
homed crow, the horned pie of Ethiopia, & c. 
\\ hen at rest, its head seems to recline on 
its shoulders ; and when disturbed by sur- 
piise, it assumes an air ot boldness and im- 
portance. This bird will eat vegetables and 
yaw flesh; will catch rats, and devour small 
-Birds alive. It often repeats a cry like the 
clocking of a turkey-hen when she leads her 
brood. 
4. I he bicorn is, or Philippine hornbill, ac- 
cording to Brisson is of the size of the turkey- 
lien ; but its head is much larger, which in- 
deed is requisite, to support a bill nine inches 
long, and two inches eight lines thick, and 
which carries, above the upper mandible, a 
horny excrescence six inches long, and three 
inches broad. It inhabits the Philippine 
islands and the East Indies, and has a cry 
more like that ol a hog or a calf than of a bird ; 
the Gentoos rank it among their gods, and 
pay adoration to it; it lives chiefly in woods, 
feeding on wild figs, almonds, and the pista- 
chio nut, which it swallows whole, and, after 
theexternal parts of it have been digested, it 
brings up the nuts again whole, without the 
kernels being anywise damaged or unlit f r 
vegetation. 
BEGUN ERA, in botany, a genus of the 
angiospermia order, in the didvnamia class 
of plants ; ranking, in the natural method, 
under the 40th order, personate. The cha- 
racters are : the calyx is obscurely 5-toothed: 
corolia, border, 5-clelt, equal: lobes, cordate: 
capsule, 2-ceiled. There are eleven spe- 
cies, natives of the Gape, South America, 
and the West Indies. 
BUG I DA, in botany, a genus of the order 
monogynia, in the decandria class of plants ; 
ranked, in the natural method, under the 
12th order, holeraceie. The calyx is in- 
B U F 
I dented in live segments : it has no corolla ; 
and the fruit is a singk-seeded berry. r i here 
is only one species. 
BUCKLE!?, a piece of defensive armour 
used by the undents. It was worn on the 
left arm, and composed of wickers woven 
together, or wood of the lightest sort, but 
most commonly of hides, fortmed with plates 
of brass or other metal. 
BUCKRAM, in commerce, a sort of 
coarse cloth made of hemp, gummed, calen- 
dered, and dyed several colours. It is put 
into those places of the lining of a garment, 
which are to be still" and to keep their forms. 
Sometimes they use new pieces of linen cloth 
to make buckrams, but most commonly old 
sheets and pieces of old sails. 
Bl Gtv-W HEAT. . See Polygonum. 
B UCKT! U)RN. See 1 ? h am n u s . 
EL DD1NG, a method of propagating 
various sorts of trees, particularly those of | 
the wall-fruit kinds. See Gardening. 
BUDDLE1A, in botany, a genus of the j 
monogynia order, in the tetrandria class of | 
plants. '1 he calyx and corolla are quadrilid ; j 
the stamina placed at the incisures of the 
corolla. J lie capsule isbisulcaled, bilocular, 
qnd pol yspennous. '1 here are eight species, 
ol winch three deserve notice. 
1. Buddle'ia Americana, a native of Ja- 
maica and most of (he other American islands, 
it rises to the height of ten or twelve feet, 
with a thick woody stem covered with grey 
bark ; and sends out many branches towards 
the top, which come out opposite : at the , 
ends of the branches the flowers are produced 
in long close spikes branching out in clusters, j 
which are yellow, consisting of one leaf cut 
into four segments : these are succeeded by ; 
oblong capsules filled with small seeds. 
2. Buddieia occidentalis, a native of Car- I 
thagena. It rises much higher than the other, I 
dividing into a great number of slender ' 
branches covered with a russet hairy bark, j 
with long spear-shaped leaves ending m sharp j 
[joints: at the end of the branches are pro- j 
duccd branching spikes of white flowers grow- : 
ing in whorls round the stalks, with small ! 
spaces between each. All these plants grow J 
in low sheltered spots; their branches being i 
too tender to resist the force of strong winds. 
3. Buddieia globosa, a native of Chili, but 
hardy enough to stand the winter in this cli- 
mate. it is a beautiful shrub. The flowers 
are of an orange colour, in close peduncled 
heads, two together on opposite sides of the 
branches. 
BL DG E-BAKRELS, among engineers, 
small barrels well hooped, with only one head; 
on the other end is nailed a piece of leather, 
to draw together upon strings like a purse. 
'I heir use is lor carrying powder along with 
a gun or mortar, being less dangerous, and 
easier carried, than whole barrels. They are 
likewise used upon a battery of mortars, for 
holding meal-powder. 
BUFF, in commerce, a sort of leather pre- 
pared from tire skin of the buffalo, dressed 
with oil, after the manner of shammy. This 
makes a very considerable article in the 
French, English', and Dutch commerce at 
Constantinople, Smyrna, and all along the 
coast of Africa. The skins of elks, oxen, and 
other like animals, when prepared after the 
same manner as that of the buffalo, are like- 
v ise called buffs. 
Ot buff-skin, or buff-leather are, made a 
sort of coats or the horse or genx-d’annes of 
France, bandaliers, belts, pouches, and i-juves. 
BL FFALO. See Bos. 
BUEOKiA, toad grass: a genus of the 
digynia order, belonging to the tetrandria 
class of plants; and in tin 1 natural method 
ranking under the 22d order, carvophyllea-. 
•I he calyx is 4-leaved : the coroha, 4-petal- 
ed : the capsula is monosperinous. t here 
is but one species, a native o: Britain. 
BUG. See Cimex. 
BUG G A SI N S , in commerce, a name 
given to buc krams' made of calico. 
Bl GLOSS. See Anciiusa. 
BUILDING. See Architecture. 
Buildings, laves concerning. The build- 
ings of London are regulated^by what is de- 
nominated the building-act, which repeals 
and amends several former acts for the same 
purpose. It was passed in the year 1/74, 
and begins by dividing all buildings into seven 
rates or classes, for the purpose of subjecting 
them to various regulations respectim- ij ( 4 
thickness ot the walls, &e. Surveyors of dis- 
tricts are appointed to see the rule’s and regu- 
lations ot this act properly complied with. 
Before any .building is begun to be erected, 
the master workman is bound to give twenty - 
Lour hours notice to the surveyor, w ho is to 
attend and view the building, and enforce the 
observance of the act. 1 he fees to be paid 
by the builder to the surveyor are, for a build- 
ing ol the first rate, 31. 10s. and for an alte- 
ration or addition, 11. 15s.: for a building of 
the second rate, 3). 3s. and for an alteration 
JJ. 10s. : for the third rate, 21. 10s. and 11. 5s.; 
and for the fourth rale, ll. Is. and 15s. 
Bl LBOCGDIUM, mountain-saffron : a 
genus of the monogynia order, in the hex- 
andria class of plants ; and in the natural 
method ranking under the ninth order, spa- 
tliacew. The corolla is funnel-shaped, and 
hexapetalous, with the heels narrow, support- 
ing the stamina. There is one species, 
Bulbocodium vernum, which is a native of 
Spain, and has a bulbous root shaped 
hive tiiose of the snow-drop, which sends out 
three or four spear-shaped concave leaves, 
between which comes out the flower, standing 
on a very short footstalk. The flowers atw 
pear about the same time with the last ; at 
lirst they are of a pale colour, but afterwards 
change to a whitish purple. 
BULIMY, a disease in which the patient 
is affected with an insatiable and perpetual 
desire of eating ; and, unless he is indulged, 
he often falls into fainting lits. It is also call- 
ed fames canirta , canine appetite. See Me- 
dicine. 
BULK-HEADS are partitions made a- 
thwart the ship, with {boards, by which, one 
part is divided from the other ; as the great 
cabin, gun-room, bread-room, and several 
other divisions. The bulk-head before is the 
partition between the forecastle and gratiwr 
in the head. b 
BULL. See Bos. 
BULL’S-E\E, among seamen, a small, 
obscure, sublime cloud, ruddy in the middle, 
that sometimes appears to mariners, and is " 
the immediate forerunner of a great storm at 
sea. It is also used for a small oval block of 
hard wood, without sheaves. It is turned 
in a lathe, has a groove round the outside, 
and an oval hole gouged through the middle. 
Bull, among ecclesiastics, a written letter, 
dispatched, by order of the pope, from the 
