130 
B IT R 
times succeeded by ripe seeds. It may be 
propagated by cuttings. 
JiUPRESTIS, a genus of coleopterous in- 
sects, distinguished in a peculiar manner by 
the uncommon brilliancy and highly metallic 
splendour of their colours, which emulate the 
finest and most beautifully polished metals. 
The insects of this genus, which are very nu- 
merous, have the antenna; serrated, and as 
long as the thorax; feelers four, which are 
all filiform, with the last joint obtuse or trun- 
cated; head partly retracted within the 
thorax. The larva' of the buprestes are said 
to live in the solid wood, or in the trunks of 
decayed trees ; but this is doubted by some 
naturalists, since they do not appear to be 
exactly known in that state. The conjecture 
is, however, plausible, as the perfect insects 
are almost constantly found upon trees, or 
plants and flowers. Few species of this 
beautiful tribe of insects are found in Europe ; 
the largest and most brilliant of those dis- 
covered are from the Brazils, and other hot 
countries, among which is the buprestis vit- 
tuta. See Plate Nat. Hist. fig. 69. There 
are in all 27 species. 
BURBAS, in commerce, a small coin at 
Algiers, with the arms of the dey struck on 
both sides. It is worth half an asper. 
BURBER, an Egyptian piece of copper- 
money, twelve of which make a medine. 
BURCARD1A, a genus of the class and 
order pentandria pentagynia. The essential 
character is, calyx five-leaved; corolla five- 
petalled; capsule angular, one-celled, three- 
yalved, seven or eight seeded. There is one 
species, a native of Guiana, annual. 
BURDEN of a ship is its contents or num- 
ber of tons it will carry. The burden of a 
ship may be determined thus ; multiply the 
length of the keel, taken within board, by the 
breadth of the ship, within board, taken from 
the midship-beam ; from plank to plank and 
multiply the product by the depth of the 
Ifcrtd, taken from tile plank below the keelson, 
to the under part of the upper-deck plank, 
and divide the last product' by 94, then the 
quotient is the content of the tonnage re- 
quired. 
BURG AG E, an antient tenure in boroughs, 
whereby the inhabitants, by custom, hold their 
lands, &c. of the king, or other superior lord 
of the borough, at a certain yearly rent ; also 
a dwelling-house in a borough was antiently 
called a burgage. 
BURGLARY, the breaking and entering 
the mansion-house of another in the night, 
with intent to commit spme felony within the 
same, whether the felonious intent be exe- 
cuted or not. Hale’s PI. 79. But there must 
be a breaking and entry to complete this 
offence. 1 Haw. c. 38. s. 3. If there be 
day-light enough, begun or left, to discern a 
man’s face, it is no burglary. This however 
does not extend to moonlight, for then many 
burglaries would go unpunished. 4 Black. 
224; 
Every entrance into a house by trespass is 
not a breaking in this case ; for there must 
be an actual breaking. If the door of a man- 
sion should stand open, and the thief enter, 
this is not a breaking; or if the window of an 
house be open, and a thief with a hook or 
other instrument should draw out some of the 
goods of the owner, this is no burglary, be- 
cause there is no actual breaking. But if the 
thief should break the glass of tire window, 
BUR 
and with a hook or other instrument draw j 
out some, of the goods of the owner, this is a j 
burglary, for there is ail actual breaking of 
the house. 3 Inst. 64. 
The mansion-house does not only include 
the dwelling-house, but also the outhouses 
that are parcel thereof, though not under the 
same roof, or joining contiguous to it; but if 
they In; far remote from the dwelling-house, 
and not so near it as to be reasonably esteem- 
ed parcel thereof, then the breaking is not 
burglary. H. II. 553. 1o break and enter 
a shop, not parcel of the mansion-house, in 
which the shopkeeper never lodges, but only 
works or trades there in the day-time, is not 
a burglary, but only larceny ; but if he or 
his servant, usually or often lodge in the shop 
at night, it is then a mansion-house, in which 
a burglary may be committed. Id. ^ W here 
the owner leaves his house and disfurnishes 
it, without a settled resolution of returning, 
it cannot under these circumstances be deem- 
ed a dwelling-house ; but where the owner 
quits the house in order to return occasion- 
ally, though no person be left in it, it may 
still be considered as his mansion-house. 
Lost. 76. A chamber in an inn of court, &c. 
where one usually lodges, is a mansion-house, 
for every one has a several property there; 
but a chamber where any person lodges as an 
inmate cannot be called his mansion, though 
if a burglary be committed in his lodgings, 
the indictment may lay the offence to be in 
the mansion-house of him that let them. 
3 Inst. 65. If the owner l.ve under the same 
roof with the inmates, there must be a sepa- 
rate outer door, or the whole is tiie mansion 
of the owner; but it the owner inhabit no pait 
of the house, or even if he occupies a shop 
or cellar in it, but do not sleep therein, it is 
the mansion of each lodger, though there be 
but one outer door. Leach’s Haw. c. 38, 
s. 15. 
By the 18 Eliz. c. 7, s. 1. it is enacted, that 
if any person shall commit any felonious rape, 
ravishment, or burglary, and be found guilty 
by verdict, or shall be outlawed, or shall 
confess such rape or burglary, every person 
so found guilty shall suffer death, and forfeit 
as in cases of felony without benefit ol clergy. 
But in all cases of burglary, accessaries after 
must have their clergy. 1 Haw. 557. 
The court may allow a prosecutor who has 
bona fide prosecuted, such sum as they shall 
think reasonable, not exceeding the expences 
he was bona fide put to; making also, if 
he shall appear to be in poor circumstances, 
a reasonable allowance for his trouble and 
loss of time. 18 Geo. III. c. 19. 
And further, any person who shall appre- 
hend any one guilty of burglary, and prose- 
cute him to conviction, shall have a certificate 
without fee, to be made out and delivered 
before the end of the assizes, under the hand 
of the judge, certifying the conviction, and in 
what parish the burglary was committed, and 
that the burglar was taken by the person or 
persons claiming the reward ; and it any dis- 
pute should arise between the parties claim- 
ing, the judge shall by such certificate, direct 
the same to be paid and distributed among 
them as to him shall seem just and reasonable ; 
and on tendering such certificate to the sheriff, 
and demand made, he shall pay to the person 
or| persons so entitled the sum of 40/. with- 
out any deduction. 5 Anne, c. 31. 6 Geo. 
23. s. 10. Such certificate shall be inrolled 
B U R 
by the clerk of the peace of the county In I 
which it shall be granted, for which he shall I 
have lr. And the said certificate may be I 
once assigned over, and the original pro* I 
prietor or assignee ot the same shall, by vir* I 
tue thereof, be discharged from all manner of I 
parish and ward offices, within the parish and I 
ward where the felony wa's committed. 10 j 
and 1 1 Wm. c. 23. 
BURGOMASTER, the chief magistrate I 
of the great towns in Flanders, Holland, and I 
Germany. The power and jurisdiction of the I 
burgomaster are not the same in all places, I 
every town having its particular customs and 1 
regulations. At Amsterdam there are four, 1 
chosen by the voices of all those people in the jj 
senate, who have either been burgomasters j 
or echevins. Their authority resembles that j| 
of our lord-mayor and aldermen ; they cl is- 9 
pose of all under-offices that fall in their time, J 
keep the key of the bank, and enjoy a salary 
but of five hundred guilders ; all leasts, public 
entertainments, &c. being defrayed cut of j 
the common treasury. 
BU RIAL. Among the Jews, the privilege | 
of burial was denied only to self-murderers, jj 
who were thrown out to rot upon the ground. I 
In the Christian church, though good men I 
always desired the privilege ot interment, yet J 
they* were not, like the Heathens, so con- J 
cerned for their bodies as to think it any de- jj 
triment to them, if either the barbarity of an j| 
enemy, or some other accident, deprived j 
them of this privilege. The primitive Chris- j 
tian church denied the more solemn rites ot j 
burial only to unbaptized persons, self-mur-1 
derers, and excommunicated persons who! 
continued obstinate and impenitent, in ma- 
nifest contempt of the church’s censures. 
The place of burial among the Jews was 1 
never particularly determined. 4Ve find] 
they had graves ’in the town and country J 
upon the highways, in gardens, and upon j 
mountains. Among the Greeks, the temples : 
were made repositories for the dead in the 1 
primitive ages; yet the general custom in 
later ages with them, as well as with the Ro-1 
mans and other heathen nations, was to buryj 
their dead without their cities, and chielly by 
the highways. Among the primitive Chris-j 
tians, burying in cities was not allowed fori 
the first three hundred years, nor in churches] 
for many ages after ; the dead bodies being 
li st deposited in tiie atrium or church-yard, 
and porches and porticoes of the church :| 
hereditary burying-places were forbidden till 
the twelfth century. 
By the laws of England, persons dying are 
to be buried in woollen, or their rep resell J 
tatives shall sorfeit 5/. and affidavit is to b J 
made thereof before a justice under a like 
penalty. The minister is to keep a register 
at the 'parish expence. 
BURMANNTA, a genus of the mono- 
gynia order, in the hexandria class of plants; 
ranked in the natural method under the 10th 
order, coronariax The flower is small, and 
consists of three minute, ovated, oblong pe- 
tals, situated at the mouth of the cup ; the 
fruit is an involuted capsule, formed of three 
valves, with three cells, containing many 
small seeds. There are two species, of na 
note. 
BURN. See Surgery. 
BURNING-GLASS, a convex or concave 
glass, commonly spherical, which being ex- 
