CEM 
CEM 
C E M 
! »7 
exaltation of the holy cross; and from that 
feast to Easter, every day. 
CELIAC, or cceliac passion. See Me- 
dicine. 
C ELLEPO ILL, a genus of marine plants, 
or rather animals; a class of worms in the 
Linnaean system. They are of the order of 
the lythophyta. 
CELOSiA, cock’s-comb, a genus of the 
monogynia order, in the pentandria class of 
plants ; and in the natural method ranking 
under the 54th order, miscellanea*. The 
calyx is triphyllous ; the corolla is five-petal- 
led in appearance; the stamina are conjoined 
at the base to the plated nectarium ; the cap- 
sule gaping horizontally. There are 14 spe- 
cies, of which the most worthy of notice is 
the 
Celosia cristata, or common cock’s-comb. 
The principal colours of its llowers are red, 
purple, yellow, and white ; but there are 
some whose heads are variegated with two or 
three colours. They are very tender exotics, 
and require a great deal of care to cultivate 
them in this country. 
C ELS l A, a genus of the angiospermia order, 
in the didynamia class of plants; and in the 
natural method ranking under the 28th order, 
luridae. The calyx is quinquepartite ; the 
corolla wheel-shaped ; the filaments bearded 
or woolly ; the capsule bilocular. There are 
four species, natives of Armenia. 
CELTIS, the lote, or nettle-tree, a genus 
of the monoecia order, in the polygamia class 
of plants ; and in the natural method ranking 
under the 53d order, scabrida*. It is an her- 
maphrodite plant : the female calyx is quin- 
quepartite ; there is no corolla ; there are live 
stamina, and two styles. The fruit is a mo- 
nospermous plum. In the male, there is no 
calyx : the corolla is hexapetalous ; there are 
six stamina, and an embryo of a pistillum. 
There are .seven species, all of them decidu- 
ous. The most remarkable are 
1. Celtis australis, the southern celtis, a 
deciduous tree, a native of Africa and the 
south of Europe. 
2. Celtis occidentalis, the western celtis, a 
native of Virginia. These two species grow 
with large, fair, straight stems. The leaves are 
late in the spring before they show them- 
selves ; but they make amends for this, by 
retaining their verdure till near the close of 
autumn : and then do not resemble most de- 
ciduous trees, whose leaves show their ap- 
proaching fall by the change of their colour ; 
but continue to exhibit themselves of a plea- 
sant green to the last. Hanbury speaks 
i highly of the celtis as a timber tree : he says, 
; " the wood of the lote-tree is extremely du- 
rable. In Italy they make their flutes, pipes, 
and other wind instruments of it. With us 
the coach-makers use it for the frames of their 
1 vehicles.” 
: 3. Celtis orientals, the eastern celtis, anative 
of Armenia: it grows to about 12 feet, and 
its branches are numerous, smooth, and of a 
greenish colour. The leaves are smaller 
than those of the others, though they are of a 
thicker texture, and a lighter green. The 
flowers come out from the wings of the 
leaves, on slender footstalks: they are yel- 
lowish, appear early in spring, and are suc- 
ceeded by large yellow fruit. 
CEMENT, any glutinous substance ca- 
pable of uniting and keeping things together 
by cohesion. We shall give an account of 
some of the best compositions used for the 
purpose of cementing together various ar- 
ticles. 
Jeweller's cement.—- for setting precious 
stones when pieces are broken off by acci- 
dent. In such cases the artist can frequently 
join the pieces so correctly that an inexpe- 
rienced eye cannot discover the stone to have 
been broken ; for this purpose a small piece 
of gum maslich is applied between the frag- 
ments, which are previously heated sufficient- 
ly to melt the interposed gum. They are 
then pressed together, to force out the redun- 
dant quantity of gum. 
Turkey cement, for joining metals, glass, 
d'c-— -Dissolve five or six bits of mastich, as 
large as peas, in as much spirit of wine as 
will suffice to render it liquid ; in another 
vessel dissolve as much isinglass (which lias 
been previously soaked in water till it is 
swollen and soft) in brandy or rum, as will 
make two ounces by measure of strong glue, 
and add two small bits of gum gaibanum, or 
ammoniacum, which must be rubbed or 
ground till they are dissolved ; then mix the 
whole with a sufficient heat ; keep it in a 
phial stopt, and when it is to be used set it in 
hot water. 
r ^ A cement for broken china, glass, Sj'C . — 
1 ake quick-lime and white of eggs, or old 
thick varnish ; grind and temper them well 
together, and it is ready for use. Drying 
oil and white lead are also frequently used for 
cementing china and earthenware ; but this 
cement requires along time to dry. Where 
it is not necessary the vessel should endure 
heat or moisture, isinglass glue, with a little 
tripoli, or chalk, is better. 
A cement useful for turners. — Take resin 
one pound, pitch four ounces ; melt these 
together, and, while boiling hot, add brick- 
dust, until by dropping a little upon a stone, 
you perceive it hard enough ; then pour it 
into water, and immediately make it up in 
rolls, and it is fit for use. Or take resin one 
ounce, pitch two ounces ; add red ochre, 
finely powdered, until you perceive it strong 
enough. Sometimes a small quantity of 
tallow is used, according to the heat of the 
weather, more being necessary in winter 
than in summer. Either of these cements is 
of excellent use for turners. By applying it 
to the side of a chuck, and making it wairm 
before the fire, you may fasten any thin piece 
of wood, which will hold while you turn it ; 
when you want it off again, strike it on the 
top with your tool, and it will drop off imme- 
diately. 
A strong cement for electrical purposes . — 
Melt one pound of resin in a pot or pan, 
over a slow fire ; add thereto as much plaister 
of Paris, in fine powder, as will make it hard 
enough, which you may soon know by trial ; 
then add a spoonful of linseed-oil, stirring it 
all the while, and try if it be hard and tough 
enough for your purpose ; if it is not suffi- 
ciently hard, add more plaister of Paris ; and 
if not tough enough, a little more linseed oil. 
This is as good a cement as possible for fix- 
ing the necks of globes or cylinders, or any 
thing else that requires to be strongly fixed ; 
for it is not easily melted again when cold. 
Or take resin one pound, bees-wax one 
ounce; add thereto as much red ochre as 
will make it of sufficient stiffness ; pour it into 
water, and make it into rolls, and it is fit for 
use. This cement is useful for cementing 
hoops on glasses, or any other mounting of 
electrical apparatus. 
A cement for glass-grinders. — Take pitch 
and boil it ; add thereto, and keep stirring it 
all the while, fine sifted wood-ashes, until 
you have it of a proper temper: a little 
tallow may be added, as you find neces- 
sary. For small work: to four ounces of 
resin add one-fourth of an ounce of bees-wax 
melted together ; and four ounces of whiten- 
ing, made previously red hot. The whiten- 
ing should be put in while hot, that it may 
not have time to imbibe moisture from the 
atmosphere. 
Shell-}ac is a very strong cement for hold- 
ing metals, glass, or precious stones, while 
cutting, turning, or grinding them. The 
metal, &c. should be warmed, to melt it. 
For fastening ruby cylinders in watches, and 
similar delicate purposes, shell-lac is excel- 
lent. 
To solder or cement broken glass . — - 
Broken glass may be soldered or cemented 
in such a manner as to be as strong as ever, by 
interposing between the parts, glass ground 
up like a pigment, but of easier fusion than 
the pieces to be joined, and then exposing 
them to such a heat as will fuse the cement- 
ing ingredient, and make the pieces agglu- 
tinate without being themselves fused. A 
glass for the purpose of cementing broken 
pieces of flint glass, may be made by fusing 
some of the same kind of glass previously re- 
duced to powder, along with a little red lead 
and borax, or with the borax only. 
Cement for Derbyshire spar and other 
stones. — A cement for this purpose may be 
made with about seven or eight parts of resin 
and one of bees-wax, melted together with a 
small quantity of plaister of Paris. If it is 
wished to make the cement fill up the place 
of any small chips that may have been lost, 
the quantity of plaister must be increased a 
little. When the ingredients are well mixed, 
and the whole is nearly cold, the mass should be 
well kneaded together. The pieces of spar that 
are to be joined, must be heated until they 
will melt the cement, and then pressed toge- 
ther, some of the cement being previously 
interposed. Melted sulphur applied to frag- 
ments of stones previously heated (by placing 
them before a fire) to at least the melting 
point of sulphur, and then joined with the 
sulphur between, makes a pretty firm and 
durable joining. Little deficiencies in the 
stone, as chips out of corners, & c. may also 
be filled up with melted sulphur, in which 
some of the powder of the stone has been 
melted. 
A cement that will stand against boiling 
water, and the pressure of steam. — In join- 
ing the fianches of iron cylinders, and other 
parts of hydraulic and steam engines, 
great inconvenience is often experienced 
from the want of a durable cement. Boiled 
linseed oil, litharge, and red and white lead,, 
mixed together to a proper consistence, and 
applied on each side of a piece of flannel pre- 
viously shaped to fit the joint,, and then in- 
terposed between the pieces before they are 
brought home (as the workmen term it) to 
their place by the screws or other fastenings 
employed, make a close and durable joint. 
The quantities of the ingredients may be 
varied without inconvenience, only taking, 
care not to make the mass too thin with oil. 
It is difficult in many cases instantly to make 
