SOi 
C I M 
too little investigated ; and which, in every part 
oi it, can never sufficiently admire with that 
respect and veneration which we owe to the 
great Author of Nature and ruler of the uni- 
verse.” 
The larvae of bugs only differ from the per- 
fect insect by the want of wings : they run 
over plants; and grow and change to chrysalids, 
without appearing to undergo any material 
difference. They have only rudiments of 
wings, which the last transformation unfolds, 
and the insect is then perfect. In the first two 
stages they are unable to propagate their 
species. In their perfect state, the female, 
fecundated, lays a great number of eggs, which 
are often found upon plants, placed one by 
the side of another ; many of which, viewed 
through a glass, present singular varieties of 
configuration. Some are crowned with a row 
of small hairs, others have a circular fillet ; 
and most have a piece which forms a cap ; 
this piece the larva pushes off when it forces 
open the egg. Released by nature from their 
prison, they overspread t he plant on which 
they feed, extracting, by the help of the ro- 
strum, the juices appropriated for their nou- 
rishment: even in this, state, the larvae are 
not all peaceably inclined ; some are vo- 
racious in an eminent degree, apd spare nei- 
ther sex nor species they can conquer. In 
their perfect state they are mere cannibals, 
glutting themselves with the blood of animals ; 
they destroy caterpillars and Hies ; and even 
the coleopterous tribe, whose hardness of ely- 
tra one would imagine was proof against their 
attacks, have fallen an easy prey to the sharp 
piercing nature of the rostrum of the bug, 
and the incautious naturalist may even ex- 
perience a feeling severity of its nature. The 
cimex lectularius, or house bug, is particu- 
larly acceptable to the palate of spiders in 
general, and is even sought after by wood- 
bugs ; which is not indeed surprising, when 
the general voracity of this genus is consi- 
dered. "Trials have been made of various 
methods of destroying house-bugs, with oil 
of turpentine, camphor, solutions of subli- 
mate, &c. 
CIMICIFUGA, in botany, a genus of 
the polyandria order, in the clioecia class of 
plants. The male calyx is almost penta- 
phyllous; there is no corolla; the stamina are 
20 in number: the female calyx is almost 
pentaphyllous ; no corolla: the stamina 20, 
and barren ; the capsules from four to seven, 
polyspermous. There is but one species ; of 
which Messerschmidius, in the Isis Siberica, 
gives the following character and name : cimi- 
cifuga foetlda, with the leaves of the herb 
Christopher, bearing a thyrsus of yellow male 
flowers with a red villous seed, the seed-ves- 
sel in form of a horn. This whole plant so 
resembles the actea racemosa, that it is dif- 
ficult to distinguish them when not in flower; 
but in the fructification it greatly differs from 
it, tfle cimicifuga having four pistils, the ac- 
tea but one. Jacquin says, that it is a native 
of the Carpathian mountains. It has obtained 
the name of cimicifuga, or bugbane, both in 
Siberia and Tartary, from its property of 
driving away those insects: and the botanists 
of those parts ol Europe which are infested 
by, them, have long desired to naturalize it 
in their several countries. Gmelin mentions, 
that in Siberia the natives also use it as an 
•vacuant in dropsy ; and that its effects are 
violently emetic and drastic. 
C I N 
CIMOLIA alba, the name of the earth of 
which tobacco-pipes are made. Its distin- 
guishing characters are, that it is a dense, 
compact, heavy earth, of a dull colour, and 
very close texture ; it will not easily break 
between the fingers, and slightly stains the 
lingers in handling. It adheres to* the tongue, 
melts slowly in the mouth, and is not readily 
diffusible in water. It is found in the Isle of 
M iglit, Dorsetshire, and Staffordshire. 
Cimolia nigra, is of a dark lead-colour, 
hard, dry, and heavy ; it does not stain the 
hands, and is not acted upon by tire acids. 
It burns perfectly white, and acquires a great 
degree of hardness. It is found in North- 
amptonshire, where it is used in the manufac- 
ture of pipes. 
CIMOLITE, a species of white earth, 
found in sonreofthe Grecian islands, wliere it is 
used for whitening stuffs. It is mentioned by 
Pliny under the name of cimolia, and in more 
modern authors it is called cimolia terra. 
Colour pearl-grey ; when exposed- to the 
air it becomes reddish. Texture earthy, 
fracture uneven, opaque, does not stain, but 
adheres strongly to the tongue. It is soft, 
and broken with difficulty : specific gravity is 
2.000; and it becomes white before the blow- 
pipe. It is composed, according to Klaproth, 
of 
63.00 silica, 
23.00 alumina, 
1.25 iron, 
12.00 water. 
99.25 
CINCHONA, a genus of the monogynia 
order, in the pentandria class of plants, and 
in the natural method ranking with those 
plants, the order of which is dubious. The 
corolla is funnel-shaped, with a woolly sum- 
mit ; the capsule interior, bilocular, with a 
parallel partition. There are nine species. 
The principal are, 
1. Cinchona corymbifera, corymb-bearing 
cinchona, or white Peruvian bark, with ob- 
long lanceolate leaves and axillary corymbs. 
This species particularly abounds in the hilly 
parts of Quito, growing promiscuously in the 
forests, and is spontaneously propagated from 
its seeds. 
2. Cinchona caribaea, a native of the West 
India islands. In Jamaica it is called the 
sea-side beech, and grows from 20 to 40 feet 
high. The white, furrowed, thick, outer 
bark, is not used ; the dark-brown inner bark 
has the common flavour, with a mixed taste, 
at first of horse-radish and ginger, becoming 
at last bitter and astringent. It seems to give 
out more extractive matter than the cinchona 
officinalis. Some of it was imported from 
St. Lucia, in consequence of its having been 
used with advantage in the army and navy 
during the last war. 
3. Cinchona officinalis, or coloured Peru- 
vian bark, with elliptic leaves, downy under- 
neath, and the leaves of the corolla woolly. 
Both the corymbifera and officinalis are na- 
tives of Peru, where they attain the height 
of from 15 to 20 feet. The bark has an odour, 
to some people not unpleasant, and very per- 
ceptible in the distilled water; in which float- 
ing globules, like essential oil, have been ob- 
served. Its taste is bitter and astringent, ac- 
companied with a degree of pungency, and 
leaving a considerably lasting impression on 
C I N 
the tongue. For its properties and prepara- 
tions, see Pharmacy. 
CINCTURE, or ceinture, in architecture, 
a ring, list, or orlo, at the top and bottom of 
the shaft of a column, separating tiie shaft at 
one end from the base, and at the other from 
the capital. That at the bottom is particu- 
larly called apophyge, as if the pillar took its 
rise from it ; and that at top colarin, collar, 
or collier, and sometimes annulus. 
CiN ERARIA, a genus of the class and or- 
der syngeriesia polygamia superflua. The 
calyx is simple, many-leaved, equal ; pappus 
simple; receptacle naked. There are 41 
species, most of them ornamental plants, and 
natives of the Cape ; of which the C. cruenta, 
and the C. amelloides and lanata, are old 
and elegant ornaments of our greenhouses. 
The last has only one unpleasant property 
that it is apt to be lousy. 
CINNABAR. SeeCH EMISTRY. 
CINNAMON-TREE. See Taurus. 
No cinnamon can be imported into Britain 
except from the East Indies. That which 
comes thence pays a duty of 3v. 8 * d. a 
pound, and draws back on exportation, 
294 ‘ 
3j. — d. at the rate of 6s. 82. 
100 
Cinnamon is an astringent in the primes 
vie v, but in the more remote seats of action 
it operates as an aperient and alexipharmic. 
It stops diarrhoeas, strengthens the viscera, 
assists concoction, dispels flatulencies, and is 
a very pleasant cardiac. It affords an oil 
which will sink in water ; and is in great 
esteem, and much prescribed in exte pora- 
neous practice. As it is much adulterated on 
account of its dearness, the best way to know 
it is by dropping it upon sugar, and then dis- 
solving it in small spirit. This oil has been 
made genuine in England from the common 
cinnamon of the shops, so as to exceed that 
brought from Holland. 
Cinnamon-water is made by distilling 
the bark first infused in spirit of wine, brandy, 
or white wine. 
CINQUE-FOIL. See Potentilla. 
Cinque-ports were thus called by way 
of eminence, on account of their superior im- 
portance, as having been thought to merit a 
particular regard by the kings of England, 
for their preservation, against invasion. Hence 
they have a particular policy ; and are go - 
verned by a keeper, with the title of lord 
warden of the cinque ports. The five ports 
are, Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and 
Sandwich. Thorn tells us, that Hastings 
provided 21 vessels, and in each vessel 21 
men. To this port belong Seaford, Pevensey, 
H'edney, Winchelsea, Rye, Hamine, W akes- 
bourne, Creneth, and Forthclipe. Romney 
provided five ships, and in each 24men. T*o 
this belong Bromhal, Lyde, Oswarstone, " 
Dangemares, and Romenhal. Hythe fur- 
nished five ships, and in each 21 seamen. 
To this belongs Westmeath. Dover the 
same number as Hastings. To this belong 
Folkstone, Feversham, and Marge. Sand- 
wich furnished the same number with Hythe. 
To this belong Fordiwic, Reculver, Serve, 
and Deal. The privileges granted to them 
in consequence of these services were very 
great. Amongst others, they were each of 
them to send two barons to represent them 
in parliament ; their deputies- were to bear 
the canopy over the king’s head at the time.. 
