382 
COG 
C O H 
COF 
Coeliac passion. See Medicine. 
Coeliac vein, in anatomy, that run- 
ning through the intestinum rectum, along 
with the coffiac artery. See Anatomy. 
COENOBITE, in church history, an or- 
der ot monks in the primitive Christian 
church, i hey were so called aito rev xoivov 
& lov > from living in common, in which they 
differed from the anachorites, who retired 
from society. 
COEUR,. in heraldry, a short line of par- 
tition in pale, in the centre of the escutcheon, 
which extends but a little way, much short of 
the top and bottom, being met by other 
lines, which form an irregular partition of the 
escutcheon. 
COFFEA, the coffe-tree : a genus of the 
monogynia order, in the pentandria class of 
plants : and in the natural method ranking 
under the 47th order, stellate. The corolla 
is funnel-shaped ; the stamina above the tube ; 
the berry inferior, dispermous ; the seeds 
arillated, or having a proper exterior covering 
dropping off of its own accord. There are 10 
species, but that which is most worthy of at- 
tention is supposed to be a native of Arabia 
Felix. (See Plate Nat. FI ist. fig. 133.) The 
coffea Arab ica seldom rises more than 16 or 18 
feet in height ; the main stem grows upright, 
and is covered with a light-brown bark ; the 
branches are produced horizontally and op- 
posite, crossing each other at every joint. 
The leaves also stand opposite ; and when 
fully grown are about four or five inches long, 
and two broad in the middle, decreasing to- 
ward each end ; the borders are waved, and 
the surface is of a lucid green. The flowers 
are produced in clusters at the root of the 
leaves, sitting close to the branches ; they 
are tubulous, and spread open at the top, 
where they are divided into five parts: they 
are of a pure white, and have a grateful 
odour, but are of short duration. The fruit, 
which is the useful part, resembles a cherry. 
Tt grows in clusters, and is ranged along the 
branches under the axilla: of the leaves, of 
the same green as the laurel, but something 
longer. When it comes to be of a deep red, 
it is gathered for exportation. 
The coffee-tree is cultivated in Arabia, Per- 
sia, the East Indies, the isle of Bourbon, and 
several parts of America. It is also raised in 
botanic gardens in several parts of Europe. 
It delights particularly in hills and mountains, 
where its root is almost always dry, and its 
head frequently watered with gentie showers. 
It prefers a western aspect, and ploughed 
ground without any appearance of grass. 
The plants should be placed at eight feet dis- ; 
iancefrom each other, and in holes twelve or 
fifteen- inches deep. If left to themselves, 
they would rise to the height of 16 or 18 feet; 
but they are generally stinted lo five for the 
convenience of gathering their fruit with the 
greater ease. Thus dwarfed, they extend 
their branches so, that they cover the whole 
spot round about them. They begin to yield 
fruit the third year, but are not in full bear- 
ing till the fifth. With the same infirmities 
that most other trees are subject to, these are 
likewise in danger of being destroyed by a 
worm or by the scorching rays of the sun. The 
bills where the coffee-trees are found have 
generally a gravelly or chalk bottom. In the 
last, it languishes for some time and then dies , 
in the former its roots, which seldom fail of 
striking between stones, obtain nourishment. 
and keep the tree alive and fruitful for 30 
years. This is nearly the period for plants of 
the coffee-tree. The proprietor, at the end 
of that time, not only finds himself without 
trees, but lias his land so reduced, that it is not 
fit for any kind of culture; and unless he is so 
situated that he can take a spot of virgin land, 
to make himself amends for that which is to- 
tally exhausted by the coffee-trees, his loss is 
irreparable. 
The coffee-tree is sometimes cultivated in 
European gardens ; but it requires a stove. 
It makes a fine appearance at all seasons of 
-the year, but especially when in flower, and 
when the berries are red, which is 'generally 
in the winter, so that they continue a long 
time in that state. It is propagated from the 
berries ; but they must be planted immedi- 
ately when gathered from the tree, for they 
loose their vegetative quality in a very short 
time. 
COFFER, in fortification, a hollow lodg- 
ment across a dry moat, from six to seven 
feet deep, and from 16 to 18 broad, the upper 
part being made of pieces of timber, raised 
two feet above the level of that moat ; which 
little elevation has hurdles, laden with earth, 
for its covering, and serves as a parapet with 
embrasures. The besieged generally make 
use of these coffers to repulse the besiegers, 
when they attempt to pass the ditch : they 
are distinguished only by their length from 
the caponiers, which are likewise somewhat 
less in breadth ; and differ from the tra- 
verse and gallery, in that these are made by 
the besiegers, and the coffer by the besieged. 
To save themselves from the fire of these 
coffers the besiegers epaule, or throw up the 
earth, on that side towards the coffer. 
COFFERER of the king’s household, 
next under the comptroller, who superin- 
tends and pays the other officers of the 
household their wages. 
COGG, SIIALL’S sliding-rule. See Slid- 
ing-rule. 
COGNATION, in the civil law, a term 
for that line of consanguinity which is between 
males and females, both descended from the 
same father ; as agnation is for the line of pa- 
rentage between males only descended from 
the same stock. In France, for the succes- 
sion to the crown, they follow agnation ; in 
England, Spain, &c. cognation : women 
coming to the succession according to the 
degree of proximity', in default of males, or 
their descendants, from branch to branch. 
COGNISOR, or connusor, he that pass- 
eth or acknowledgeth a fine of lands or tene- 
ments to another. Cognisee, or conusee, is 
he to whom the fine is acknowledged. 
COGNISANCE, sometimes signifies an 
acknowledgment of fine, and sometimes a 
power or jurisdiction ; as cognisance of pleas 
is an ability to call a cause or plea out of an- 
other court, which no one can do but the 
king, except he can shew charters for it. 
COGNITIONIBUS mittendis, a writ 
to one of the king’s justices of the common 
pleas, or other that has power to take a fine, 
and who having taken it, delays to certify the 
same, commanding him to certify it. 
COGNOVIT actionem, is an acknow- 
ledgment by a defendant, or confession that 
the plaintiff’s cause of action is just ; and 
who, to save law expences, suffers judgment 
to be entered against him ; in this case the 
confession generally extends to no more than 
is contained in the declaration, with costs. 
COHABITATION, in the civil law, di - 
notes the state of a man and a woman who 
live together like husband and wife, without 
being legally married. By the common law 
of Scotland, cohabitation for a year and day, 
or a complete twelvemonth, is deemed equi- 
valent to matrimony. 
COHESION. 1 he force called cohesion 
is inherent in the particles of all bodies, except 
caloric and light : for all bodies except these 
constantly exist in masses composed of an in- 
definite number of particles united together. 
This force possesses all the characters of af- 
finity. 1 . It acts only at insensible distances ; 
for whenever we remove the particles of a 
body to a perceptible distance from each 
other, they cease to cohere altogether. 
2. Cohesion is exceedingly various in dif- 
ferent bodies: though in the same body, if 
other tilings be equal, it is always the same. 
Thus an iron rod is composed of particles of 
iron cohering so strongly, that it requires an 
enormous force to separate them. A smaller 
force is necessary to overcome the cohesion of 
lead, and a still smaller to separate the par- 
ticles ot chalk from each other. In short, 
there are scarcely two bodies whose particles 
cohere with the same torce. The force of 
cohesion in solid bodies is measured by the 
weight necessary to break them, or rather to 
pull them asunder. Thus if a rod of glass 
is suspended in a perpendicular direction, 
and weights attached to its lower ex- 
tremity till the rod is broken by them, 
the weight attached to the rod just before it 
broke is the measure of the cohesive force of 
the rod. We are indebted to Muschenbroeck 
for the most complete set of experiments 
hitherto made upon the cohesive force of 
solid bodies. Sickengen also has examined 
the cohesion of several of the metals with 
much accuracy. The results of the labours 
of the first of these philosophers, with regard 
to metals and wood, may be seen in the fol- 
lowing table, in which the numbers denote 
the pounds avoirdupois which are just suffi- 
cient to tear asunder a rod of each of the bo- 
dies, whose base is an inch square. 
I. Metals. 
Steel, bar • — 
Iron, bar — 
Iron, cast — 
Copper, cast — 
Silver, cast — 
Gold, cast — - 
Tin, cast — 
Bismuth — 
Zinc — 
Antimony — 
Lead, cast • — 
II. Wc 
Locust-tree — 
Jujeb — 
Beech; oak . 
Orange — 
Alder — 
Elm — 
M ulberry • — 
Willow — 
Ash - — 
Plum — 
Elder — 
Pomegranate — 
Lemon — • 
— 135,000 
— 74,500 
— 50,100 
— 28,600 
— 41,500 
— 22,000 
— 4,440 
— 2,900 
— 2,600 
— 1,000 
— 860 . 
ODS. 
— ' 20,100 
— 18,500 
— 17,300 
— 15,500 
— 13,900 
— 13,200- 
— ■ 12,500 
— 1 2,500 
— • 12,000 
— 11,800 
— 10,000 
— 9,750 
— 9,250 
