COINS. 
3 $5 
the others were in proportion ; accordingly 
their mark was 135. Ad. Scots, current°in 
England at lo\d. ; their noble in proportion. 
Beside these they had their tornorer, pence, 
and half-pence ; their penny l-12th of that of 
England ; besides base money of achisons, 
bawbees, and placks ; the bodle l-6th of the 
penny, \ of the achison, \ of the bawbee, and 
^ of the plack. 
In Ireland the coins are as in England, viz. 
guineas, shillings. See. with this difference, 
that the English shilling passes for twenty- 
six half-pence, which are the only coin pe- 
culiar to that country. 
Coins of the French Empire. 
The current coins of F ranee were formerly 
the double louis (gold), tiie louis (gold), the 
piece of six livres (silver), that of three hvres, 
the ecu (silver), twenty-four sols piece (silver), 
the twelve (silver), the six sols piece (silver), 
the large or double sol (of copper), the sol 
(of copper), and the half and quarter sol, or 
pieces of two and one hard. There are also 
ancient pieces made of copper and silver, de- 
nominated pieces of six iiards, value one sol 
and a half. 
According to the new system, an attempt 
has been made, with partial success, to intro- 
duce the following currency. The denomi- 
nation of litre has been changed into that of 
franc, with an alteration, in the small pro- 
portion of only three pence to the louis. 
The franc is then assumed as the basis or 
unit of all their computations; and all values 
are reckoned upwards by tens, hundreds, 
and thousands of francs, and downwards by 
tenth parts and hundredth parts of francs. 
Some coins have been put into circulation 
agreeably to this new system, viz. in silver 
pieces of 5 francs, in pieces of 30 sols, being 
the fourth of the franc, and in pieces of 1 5 
sols, being the eighth of the franc ; in copper 
pieces of 5 centimes (live hundredths) equal 
to the old sol, and of 10 centimes (ten hun- 
dredths) or l decime, equal to the double sol. 
Value of the coinage of both nations. — 
As a primary principle, the traveller must 
recollect, that whenever the course of ex- 
change between the two countries is at par, 
the French louis is to be considered as* of 
equal value to the English pound sterling. 
Existing English Coins. French Value. 
The guinea is equal to \ < ^ e lou ‘ s an ^ one 
1 ( 24 sols piece. 
The crown piece 
The half-crown 
The shilling 
The sixpence 
The penny 
The halfpenny 
The farthing 
Existing French Coins. 
The louis, containing ) 
24 livres or francs $ 
The six livre piece 
The five franc piece 
The livre piece 
The 30 sol piece 
r J he 24 sol piece 
The 15 sol piece 
The 12 sol piece 
The 6 sol piece 
The double sol 
The 6 hard piece 
The sol 
Vol. I. 
The six livre piece. 
The three livre piece. 
The 24 sols piece 5 
The 12 so.ls piece. 
The double sol. 
The sol. 
The deux Iiards. 
French Value. 
One pound sterling. 
• — Five shillings. 
5 Four shillings and 
( two pence. 
— Half-crown. 
— Fifteen pence. 
— One shilling. 
Seven pence half- 
penny. 
Six pence. 
— Three pence. 
— A penny. 
• — Three farthings. 
- — One halfpenny. 
The two liard piece — One farthing. 
I he hard — Half a farthing. 
The livre or franc is a nominal value, equal 
to ten-pence English. The tenth part of a 
franc is called a decime, and the hundredth 
part ot a franc is called a centime. 
Coins, Spanish. In Spain, and the states 
depending upon it, the gold coin is the pis- 
tole ; above which are the double pistole and 
piece of four pistoles, and under it the half- 
pistole ; to which must be added the Castil- 
ians ot gold. The silver money is the 
piastre, or piece of eight rials, and' its dimi- 
nutions ; as also the simple rial, with its di- 
minutions. The copper coins are the oeha- 
vos, or octavos, which are of two kinds : the 
one equal to only four maravedis, and ordi- 
narily called quarta ; the other double this, 
and called double quarta: and lastly the 
maravedis. It must be observed, that in 
Spain they have new money and old ; the 
old current in Sevil, Cadiz, Andalusia, &c. 
is worth 25 per cent, more than the new 
current at Madrid, Bilboa, St. Sebastian, 
See. This difference isowing to their king 
Charles II. who, to prevent the exportation 
of money, raised it 25 per cent, which how- 
ever he was able to effect only in part, se- 
veral provinces still retaining the ancient 
rate. 
Value and proportion of the Spanish coin. 
Quarta, 4 maravedis 
Octavo, or double quarta, 8 maravedis 
Rial, old plata, equal to o o 6f 
Piece of eight, or piastre 0 4 0 
Pistole o 16 9.3 
Coins, Portuguese. Those of gold are 
the moeda d’oro, or as we call it, moidore, 
which is properly their pistole; above this 
are doppio moedas or double pistoles, and 
quadruple species equal to five pistoles. The 
silver coins are the crusada, pataca, or piece 
of eight, and vintem, of which they have two 
sorts, the one silver and the other billon. 
The ree is of copper, which serves them in 
accompts as the maravedis do the Spani- 
ards. 
Res, ree, or rez, equal to three-fifths of a 
t farthing sterling • 
Vintem. 20 res 
Cruzada, 26 vintems. 
1. s. d. 
Mi-moeda, or half-pistole 0 13 6 
Moeda d’oro, or pistole 17 0 
Doppio moeda, or double pistole 2 14 0 
Ducat of fine gold 6 15 0 
Besides the above, they have also pieces 
of gold of the value of 31. 12 s., ll. 16s., and 
other subdivisions. 
Coins, Dutch. r l hose of silver are 
crowns or dollars, ducatoons, florins, and 
schell ings, each of which has its diminution. 
1 lie stiver is of billon : the duyt and penny, 
of copper. 
Ducat of Holland 
Ducatoon 
Patagon, or rix dollar 
The three-guilder piece, or 
sixty stivers 
The guider-florin, or twenty 
stivers 
The lion dollar 
The schelling goes for six stivers, and the 
ortke is the fourth part of a stiver. 
Coins, Flemish. Those of gold are im- 
perials., rides or philips, alberts. and crowns ; 
3 C 
1 . 
s. 
d. 
0 
9 
3.2 
0 
5 
5 .59 
0 
4 
4.28 
0 
5 
2.46 
0 
1 
8 .08 
0 
3 
7-07 
those of silver are philips, rix dollars, pata- 
gons, schellings, and guldens ; and those of 
copper, patards. 
1. s. d. 
Groat, 8 patards 
Single stiver 0 0 I % 
Schelling 0 0 
Gulden 0 2 0 
Rix dollar, dollar, patagon 0 4 6 
Imperial 0 119 
The German, Dutch, and French coins are 
current here. 
Coins, German. Those of gold are du- 
cats, which are of various kinds, oboli of 1 lie 
Rhine, and florins: of this last kind there 
are some likewise of silver, besides rix dol- 
lars and izelottes, which are ail of that 
metal. 
s. 
d. 
Ducat of the bishop of Bamberg 
9 
3 
.2 
Ducat of Hanover 
9 
2 
.7 
Ducat of Brandenburg 
9 
3 
.2 
Ducatoon of Cologn 
5 
5 
.02 
Rix dollar or patagon of Cologn 
4 
4 
.53 
Rix dollar or patagon of Liege 
4 
7 
.48 
Rix dollar ofMentz 
4 
7 
.27 
Rix dollar of Frankfort 
4 
6 
.53 
Rix dollar of the Palatinate of 
Nuremberg 
4 
7 
.55 
Rix dollar of Lunenburg 
4 
6 
.65 
Old rix dollar of Hanover 
3 
6 
.03 
Old bank dollar of Hamburgh 
4 
6 
.92 
Rix dollar of Lubec 
4 
7 
.54 
Gulden of Hanover 
2 
4 
.14 
Gulden of Zell 
2 
3 
.07 
Gulden of Brandenburg 
2 
3 
.81 
Gulden of Saxony 
2 
4 
.12 
Coins, Italian. The several 
states 
of 
■Italy have several current moneys, though 
there are some common to all, such as the 
pistole of gold, and the ducatoon and florin 
of silver, which are of various Weights, fine- 
ness, Sec. The corns peculiar to Rome are 
the julios of silver, the pignatelle of billon, 
and the bayoco, demi-bavoco, and cjuadrine, 
ot copper. Venice has its sequins of gold ; 
its Justins, or ducatoons, and derlingues, of 
silver: Naples, its carlins : Genoa its croi- 
sats ; Savoy and Piedmont, lys, all silver,: 
this last state has its papiroles and cavales 
of billon. 
Gold coins of Italy. 
s. 
d. 
The sequin of Venice 
9 
5 .7 
The old Italian pistole 
Pistole of Rome, Milan, Venice, 
16 
7.6 
Florence, Savoy, Genoa 
Double ducat of Genoa, Venice, 
16 
6.7 
and Florence 
IS 
7 7 
Single ducat of the same places 
Silver coins. 
9 
3 .8 
The old ducat of Venice 
3 
4.50 
The ducat of Naples 
3 
4 .43 
1’he ducat of Florence or Leghorn 5 
The tarin, or fifth part of the 
4.62 
ducat, of Naples 
0 
8 .04) 
The carlin, or* tenth part 
The escudi, or crown, of Rome, 
or piece of ten julios, or one 
0 
4.04 
hundred bayocos 
The teston of Rome, or piece of 
5 
1 
three julios 
1 
6 .32 
The julio of Rome 
0 
6.10 
The croisat of Genoa 
6 
6 ,74 
9 •' 
Justine of Venice 
4 
Derelingue, one-fourth of the jus- 
tine 
/I 
O L 
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