COL 
COL 
COL 
/ 300 
legates, and making bylaws Or their own 
bod};, provided they did not clasli with those 
of the government. 
there are various colieges on foot among 
the moderns, founded on the model of those 
of the antients. Such are the three colleges 
of the empire, viz. 
College of electors , or their deputies, as- 
sembled in the diet of Ratisbon. 
College of princes, the body of princes, 
or their deputies, at the diet of Ratisbon. 
College of cities is, in like manner, the 
body of deputies which the imperial cities 
send to the diet. See Elector, and Diet. 
College of cardinals, or the sacred col- 
lege, a body composed of the three orders of 
cardinals. 
College is also used for a public place 
endowed with certain revenues, where the 
several branches of learning are taught. An 
assemblage of several of these colleges consti- 
tutes an university. The erection of colleges 
is part of the royal prerogative, and not to be 
done without the king’s licence. The uni- 
versity of Oxford consists of nineteen col- 
leges and six halls ; that of Cambridge, of 
twelve colleges and four halls ; and that of 
Paris, of fifty-four colleges, though, in reality, 
there are but ten where there is any teach- 
ing. 
Colleges in the universities are generally 
lay corporations, although the members of 
the college may be all ecclesiastical. 2 Salk. 
672. And in the government thereof, the 
king’s courts cannot interfere, where a visitor 
is specially appointed. 1 Blacks. 483. 
The two universities, in exclusion of the 
king’s courts, enjoy the sole jurisdiction over 
all civil actions and suits, except where the 
right of freehold is concerned; and also in 
criminal offences or misdemeanors under the 
degree of treason, felony, or maim. 3 Black. 
83. Their proceedings are in a summary 
way, according to the practice of the civil 
law. Wood, b. 4. c. 2. But they have no 
jurisdiction, unless the plaintiff or defendant 
be a scholar or servant of the university, and 
resident in it at the time. An appeal lies 
from the chancellor’s court to the congrega- 
tion, thence to the convocation, and thence 
to the delegates. 
College of civilians, commonlv called 
doctors’ -commons, founded by Dr. Harvey, 
dean of tire arches, for the professors of the 
civil law residing in the city of London. The 
judges of the arches, admiralty, and prero- 
gative court, with several other eminent ci- 
vilians, commonly reside here. To this col- 
lege belong 34 proctors, who make them- 
selves parties for their clients, manage their 
causes, give licences for marriages, &c. 
In the common hall of doctors’-commons 
are held several courts, under the jurisdiction 
of the civil law ; particularly the high court 
of admiralty, the court of delegates, the ar- 
ches court of Canterbury, and the preroga- 
tive court of Canterbury : whose terms for 
sitting are much like those at Westminster, 
every one of them holding several court- 
days; most of them fixed and known by 
preceding holidays, and the rest appointed 
at the judge’s pleasure. 
College of physicians, a corporation of 
physicians in London, whose number, by 
charter, is not to exceed 80. 4' lie chief of 
(hem are called fellows ; and the next candi- 
dates, who fill up the places of fellows as 
they become vacant by death or otherwise. 
Next fo these are the honorary fellows; and 
lastly tiie licentiates, that is, such as being 
found capable, upon examination, are allow- 
ed to practise physic. 
This college has several great privileges 
granted by charter and acts of parliament. 
No man can practise physic in or within 
seven miles of London, without licence of the 
college, under the penalty of 5/. Also, per- 
sons practising physic in other parts of Eng- 
land, are to have letters testimonial from the 
president and three elects, unless they are 
graduate physicians of Oxford or Cambridge. 
Every member of the college is authorized 
to practise surgery in London or elsewhere; 
and that they may be able at all times to at- 
tend their patients, they are freed from all 
parish offices. The college is governed by 
a president, four censors, and twelve elect- 
ors. The censors have, by charter, power 
to survey, govern, and arrest, all unlicensed 
physicians or others practising physic in or 
within seven miles of London; to fine, amerce, 
and imprison them at discretion ; to search 
apothecaries? shops , & c. in and about London ; 
to see if their drugs, &c. be wholesome, and 
the compositions according to the form pre- 
scribed by the college in their dispensaries ; 
and to burn or otherwise destroy those that 
are defective or decayed, and not fit for use. 
They are judges of records, and not liable to 
action for what they do in their practice but 
by judicial process ; subject, nevertheless, to 
appeal to the college of physicians. How- 
ever, the college is not very rigorous in as- 
serting its privileges, there being some of 
very good abilities who practise in London, 
&c. without their licence: yet by law, if any 
person, not expressly allowed to practise, 
take upon him the cure of any disease, and 
the patient die under his hand, it is deemed 
felony in the practise! - . 
V/om-College, or the college of the Lon- 
don clergy,, was formerly a-reiigious house, 
next a spital or hospital, and now it is a 
composition of both, viz. a college for the 
clergy of London, who were incorporated in 
1631, at the request of Dr. White, under the 
name of the president and fellows of Sion-col- 
lege; and an hospital for ten poor men : the 
first within the gates of the house, and the 
latter without. 
This college consists of a president, two 
deans, and four assistants, who are annually 
chosen from among the rectors and vicars in 
London, subject to the visitation of the bi- 
shop. They have one of the finest libraries 
in England, built and stocked by Mr. Simp- 
son, chiefly for the clergy of the city, with- 
out excluding other students on certain 
terms : they have also a hall with chambers 
for the students, generally filled with the 
ministers of the neighbouring parishes. 
Gresham College, or College of phi- 
losophy, a college founded by sir Thomas 
Gresham, who built the Royal-exchange ; a 
moiety of the revenue whereof he gave in 
trust fo the mayor and commonalty of Lon- 
don and their successors for ever, and the 
other moiety to the company of mercers ; 
the first to find four able persons lo read in the 
college divinity, astronomy, music, and geo- 
metry ; and the last three or -more able men 
to read rhetoric, civil law, and physic ; a 
lecture upon each siibject is to be read in 
term-time, every day except Sundays, in 
Latin in the forenoon, and the same in Engj 
lish iii the afternoon ; the lecture on musk 
is to be read alone in English. The lectur- 
ers have each 50/. per annum, and a lodging 
in the college. 
College of heralds, commonly called the 
heralds’ office, a corporation founded by char- 
ter of king Richard the Third, who granted 
them several privileges ; as to be free f rom 
subsidies, tolls, offices, &c. They had a sel 
cond charter from king Edward 'the Sixth 
and a house built near doctors’-commons bj 
the earl of Derby, in the reign of king Henri 
the Seventh, was given them by the duke o 
Norfolk in the reign of queen Mary, whicl 
house is now rebuilt. This college is subor 
dinate to the earl marshal of England. The] 
are assistants to him in his court of chivalry 
usually held in the common-hall of the col 
lege, where they sit in their rich coats of hi 
majesty’s arms. 
COLLEGIATE church, a church buij 
and endowed for a society, or a body corpo 
rale of a dean or other president, and seculal 
priests, as canons or prebendaries in tin 
same church. 
COLLET, in glass-making, is that part o 
glass vessels which sticks to the iron instrft 
nient wherewith the metal was taken out o 
the melting-pot: this is afterwards usee 
for making green glass. 
COLLfNSONiA, in botany, a genus o: 
the monogynia order, in the decandria class 
of plants, and in the natural method ranking 
under the 40th order, personatax The co- 
roila is unequal, with its under-lip multifid, 
and the segments capillary. There are twe 
species, natives of North America, but posj 
sessed of no remarkable properties. 
COLLUTHIANS, in church history, a 
religious sect which arose in the sixth cen- 
tury, on occasion of the indulgence shewn to 
Arius by Alexander, patriarch of Alexandria] 
they held that God was not the author of the 
evils and afflictions of this life, &c. 
COLEY R1DIANS, in church bistorv, a 
sect ot antient heretics, who paid divine ho] 
Hours to the Virgin Mary, offering her little 
cakes called coif ri da. 
COLLY MUM. See Pharmacy. 
COLON, in anatomy, the second of the 
three large intestines. See Anatom y. 
Colon, in grammar, a point or character 
marked thus (:), shewing die preceding sen- 
tence to be perfect or entire / only that some 
remark, farther illustration, or other matter 
connected therewith, is subjoined. 
COLONEL, in military matters, the com- 1 
mander in chief of a regiment, whether horsel 
toot, or dragoons. 
A colonel may lay any officer of his regi- 
ment in arrest, but must acquaint the general 
with it ; he is not allowed a guard, "only a 
sentry from the quarter-guard. 
COLONNADE, in architecture, a peri- 
style of a circular figure, or a series of co4 
himns disposed in a circle, and insulated 
withinside. Such is that of the little park 
at Versailles, consisting of 32 Ionic columns j 
all of solid marble, and without incrustation!] 
A polystile colonnade is that whose number] 
of columns is too great to be taken in by the 
eye at a single view. Such is the colonnade 
of the palace of St. Peter’s at Rome, consist- 
ing of 2S4 columns of the -Doric order, each 
above four feet and a half diameter, all in 
Tiburline marble. 
