materials of at least equal quality, and the 
wages of workmen are much lower, it will 
be long before they can rival this country 
in such articles, from the superiority we de- 
rive from the use of powerful machinery, and 
a great division of labour. 
Total amount of imports from Germany. 
Great 
England. Scotland. Britain. 
In 1800 <£ 2, 182,927 £'169,270 <£2,352,197 
1801 1,900,936 143,238 2,044,175 
1802 1,070,941 121,039 1,192,030 
Total exports to Germany. 
Brit. Manu- For. Mer- 
factures. chaiklize. Total, 
in 1800 <£4,364,120 £8,300,47 1 £12,664,591 
1801 4,928,617 6,186,687 11,115,304 
1302 3,992,601 6,322,765 10,315,366. 
The -total number of vessels that entered 
inwards from Germany, in the year 1804, 
was 189, and the number that cleared out- 
wards 300. 
The trade with Holland was formerly the 
principal branch of our European commerce. 
It was at its height about the year 1745. On 
the French taking possession of Holland dur- 
ing the late war, the trade with this country 
was of course in a great measure suspended, 
particularly during the years 1795 and 1796. 
Some little relaxation of<he restrictions which 
had been imposed was afterwards found ne- 
cessarv ; and on the peace, its commercial 
connexion with this country immediately re- 
vived, tiil it was checked again by war. 
Years. 
Imports. 
Exports. 
1800 
L. 972,600 
L. 3,208,613 
1801 
1,025,958 
3,496,744 
1802 
974,537 
4,957,997 
1803 
630,403 
1,565,355. 
The total number of vessels which entered 
inwards from Holland, in the year 1804, was 
790, and the number which cleared outwards 
521. 
The export to Flanders was formerly con- 
siderable ; but of late years the trade with 
that part of the continent lias been carried 
on through other ports. The value of goods 
exported to Flanders in 1792 was 1,031,093/., 
of which 381,287/. was British manufactures, 
and 649,80 6/. foreign merchandize. 
Commercial intercourse with France has 
been so much deranged for some years past, 
that it would be useless to give any account 
of the little that remains, which, during the 
time of war, must be entirely carried on by 
the vessels of neutral powers. In the year 
1792, the exports to France amounted to 
1,228,165/., of which 743.280 /. was British 
manufactures, and 484,885 /. foreign mer- 
chandize. 
The trade with Portugal was formerly a 
very beneficial branch of our commerce, but 
has decayed much of late, i he balance, 
which some years ago was greatly in favour 
of tins country, being estimated on an ave- 
rage of thirty vears previous to the peace in 
1753 at 800,000/. per annum, declined to 
nothing, and has been latterly against this 
country. The export of grain from Great 
Britain to Portugal was very much reduced 
previous to the scarcity in 1800, and the con- 
sequent prohibition. The exports consisted 
almost wholly of British produce and manu- 
COMMERCE. 
facturcs, the total value of the export’s in 
1792 being 760,655/., of which 720,984/. was 
British manufactures. r l he imports from 
Portugal have increased in cotton-wool, 
wines, and indigo; but the merchants fre- 
quently remit cash and bullion to this coun- 
try in payment of their debts in trade with 
other countries, though this has not been the 
ease so much lately as formerly. In 1785, 
the quantity of gold and silver imported into 
this country from Portugal was 4, 101 ,700/. ; 
but in the year 1795 it was reduced to about 
186,000/. 
The following account of the number of 
ships which entered inwards from Portugal 
and cleared out for that country, during 
twelve years, will give some idea of the pre- 
sent extent of this trade, and of the effect of 
war with respect to the employment of lieu- 
tral vesst 
Is. 
Inwards. 
Outwards. 
Years. 
British. 
Foreign. 
British. | 
Foreign. 
1789 
495 
7 
215 
9 
1790 
505 
6 
225 
11 
1791 
553 
8 
267 
17 
1792 
561 
9 
285 
17 
1793 
300 
29 
162 
26 
1794 
345 
23 
224 
28 
1795 
344 
35 
211 
90 
1796 
254 
26 
216 
106 
1797 
294 
63 
185 
73 
1798 
265 
61 
229 
69 
1799 
374 
57 
180 
75 
1800 
270 
70 
203 
126. 
The total number of vessels which’ entered 
inwards 
her that 
in the year 1 804 was 372 ; 
cleared outwards 314. 
the num- 
The 
Mediterranean trade has 
suffered 
much interruption since the year 1793: 
Great Britain, however, still retains a con- 
siderable share of it, though certainly less 
than at former periods. In the year 1792, 
the experts to Italy and Venice amounted to 
963,232/. ; but they have since fallen much 
below that amount. The goods usually im- 
ported from Venice are currants loaded at 
Zante or Cephalonia, or some port in the 
Morea, silks, cream of tartar, glass beads for 
the East and West Indian and African trades, 
whisks of rice-weeds, sponge, and some Le- 
vant drugs, cotton, oil, and vallonea. The 
exports to Italy and Venice are pilchards and 
red-herrings, of which the consumption is 
considerable, a small quantity of salmon, 
sailed ox-guts, of which about 100 or 150 
casks are yearly consumed for making salt 
juddings, tin, load and litharge, alum, wool- 
ens, and hardware ; besides sugars, cocoa, 
pepper, and other foreign articles. The 
number of vessels which entered inwards 
from Venice in the year 1800, was only 4, 
the number that cleared out 12. 
The trade with Turkey has been less dis- 
turbed than that of any other part of the 
Mediterranean, particularly since Malta has 
been in the hands of the English : this branch 
of trade is by no means equal in importance 
to what it lias formerly been. The exports 
consist chiefly of lead in pigs, lead-shot, tin, 
wrought and cast iron, hardware, cloths and 
stuffs, glass and earthenware, clocks and 
watches, West India coffee, sugar, pepper, 
&c. The imports are cotton-wool, cotton- 
yarn, silk, mohair, madder, galls, figs, raisins, 
and a few other articles. 
3 E 2 
403 
Years, Imports, Exports, 
1801 141,137/. 172,198/. 
1802 182,424/. 180,000/. 
1803 175,427 /. 155,369/. 
The number of vessels that entered in- 
wards from Turkey, in the year 180o, Mas 
27 ; in 1804, 16. 
The West India- trade is in some respects 
the most important branch of our commerce. 
The capital engaged in it has been stated at 
no less than 70,000,000/. 1 he value of the 
goods exported from Great Britain on an 
average of four years, ending 5th January 
1796, was estimated, according to their 
real value, at 3,900,000/.; but besides the 
goods sent directly hence to the V est In- 
dies, merchandize to a considerable amount is 
exported to the coast of Africa, for the pur- 
chase of slaves. Adding, therefore, the va- 
lue of the slaves annually imported and re- 
tained in the islands, the whole export to the 
West Indies may be estimated at least at 
4,672,000/. The value of the imports is 
considerably greater ; and the annual balance 
is to be considered in part as a remittance of 
the income or property ot persons who pos- 
sess estates in the West Indies, and who are 
wholly or occasionally resident here; and ot 
persons who have lent money on mortgage 
or otherwise in the West Indies, and receive 
(be interest through the medium ot these 
remittances: a further part defrays the freight 
and other charges in this country of W est* 
India produce. 
Total imports from the West Indies, 
British Conquered 
West Indies. Islands. Total, 
1S01 6,759,617/. 4,105,839/. 10,865,456/, 
1802 7,293,316 2,699,504 9,992,820 
1803 5,786,432 362,014 6,148,436. 
The number of British vessels that entered 
inwards, in the year 1804, was 714, contain- 
ing 202,974 tons, and navigated by 1 1,819 
seamen. The number of vessels that cleared 
outwards was 785. 
The trade with the United States of Ame- 
rica has rapidly advanced to considerable 
importance ; and we now supply them with 
commodities to a far greater amount than in 
the most favourable years previous to their 
separation from this country. The imports 
consist chiefly of unmanufactured American 
produce, such as com, tobacco, rice, &c. of 
which about four-fifths of the tobacco is re- 
exported. In the year ending 5th January 
1793, the number of British ships in the trade 
between this country and the Anglo-American 
ports was only 193, while the American ves- 
sels in the same trade were no less than 313. 
In the year ending 5th January 1805, the 
number of British vessels which entered in- 
wards was only 72, while the American ves- 
sels were 363; and unless the British ship- 
masters can advantageously maintain a com- 
petition with those of America, we shall soon 
lose this important branch of our carrying 
navigation. The exports of Britain to Ame- 
rica consist of British manufactures only ; for 
which America will in all probability long 
continue an improving market. 
The export to Canada, and the remaining 
possessions of Britain in North America, 
amounted, in the year 1792, to 1 , 1 20,09 1 /•» 
of which 908,105/. was in British manufac- 
tures, and 211,886/. in foreign merchandize : 
