42S CON 
in the eucharist. The tli hues of that pro- 
fession maintain, that aiu r consecration, the 
body and blood of our Saviour are sub tan- 
tialiy present, together with the substance of 
the bread and wine ; which is, called consub- 
«.tantiation or impanatiou. 
CONSUL, is an officer established by 
virtue of a commission from the king and 
other princes, in all foreign countries of any 
considerable trade, to facilitate and dispatch 
J'msiness, and protect the merchants of the 
nation. The consuls are to maintain a cor- 
respondence with the ministers of England 
.residing in the courts whereon their consu- 
late depends. They are to support the com- 
jmerce and tire interest of the nation; to dis- 
pose of the sums given and the presents 
"made to the lords and principals of places, 
to obtain their protection,, and prevent the 
juisults of the natives on the merchants ot the 
nation. By the treaty of .Utrecht between 
Great Britain and Spain, the consul residing 
in the king of Spain’s dominions shall take 
inventories of the estates of the English dy- 
ing intestate in Spain ; and these estates shall 
be intrusted to two or three merchants, for 
the security and benefit of the heirs and 
creditors. 
The statute of 9 Geo. IT. enacts, that it shall 
be lawful for persons appointed by the con- 
suls at the ports of Cadiz and St. Mary’s in 
Spain, with the majority of the British fac- 
tors and merchants there, to receive from all 
English and Irish ships trading there, any 
sums of money not exceeding one rial plate 
per ducat on the freight of goods and mer- 
chandize tjiere imported, and on all tonnage 
goods not exceeding two rial plates per ton, 
and all their bills of lading shall specify to 
pay the same under denomination of contri- 
bution. And all British and Irish command- 
ers trading to the said ports, and delivering 
there, shall, within ten days after their arrival, 
deliver a manifesto upon oath, specifying 
the particulars of the cargo, and to whom 
consigned ; which oath is to be administered 
by the consul, or whom he shall appoint, and 
the clearances outwards detained by him till 
payment of the money is made ; and any de- 
parting without his clearances, the consul on 
such master’s return to any port in the king’s 
dominions, may have an action at law against, 
him for the said money. All moneys raised 
to be applied to the relief of shipwrecked 
mariners, or other distressed persons his 
majesty’s subjects, and other charitable uses, 
are appointed by the consul. 
CONSULTATION, in law, a writ by 
fvhich a cause being removed from the spi- 
ritual court to the king’s court, is returned 
thither again ; and the reason is, that if the 
judges of the king’s court, by comparing the 
libel with the suggestion of the party, find 
the suggestion false or not proved, and on 
that account the cause to be wrongfully call- 
ed from the ecclesiastical court, then upon 
this consultation or deliberation they decree 
it to be returned. This writ is in the nature 
of a procedendo ; yet properly a consultation 
ought not to be granted, only in cases where 
a person cannot recover at the common law. 
In causes of which the ecclesiastical and 
spiritual courts have jurisdiction, and they 
are not mixed with any temporal thing; if 
suggestion is made for a prohibition, a con- 
sultation shall be awarded, bee PROHIBI- 
TION, 
CON 
CONSUMPTION, in medicine, a word 
of very extensive signification, implies all 
disorders that hr ng any decay or waste upon 
the constitution. See Medicine. 
CONTACT, is when one line, plane, or 
body, is made to touch another, and the 
parts that do thus touch are called the points 
or places of contact. 1 he contact of two 
spherical bodies, and of a tangent with the 
circumference of a circle, is only in one 
point. 
CONTAGION. See Medicine. 
CONTENT, in geometry, the area or 
quantity of matter or space included in cer- 
tain bounds. The content of a tun of round 
timber is 43 solid feet. A load of hewn 
timber contains 50 cubic feet; in a foot ot 
timber are contained 1728 cubic or square 
inches: and as often as 1728 indies are con- 
tained in a piece of timber, be it round or 
square, so many feet of timber are contained 
in the piece. See Gauging. 
CONTIGUOUS angles, in geometry, are 
such as have one leg common to each angle ; 
and are sometimes called adjoining angles, 
in contradistinction to those produced by 
continuing their legs through the point ot 
contact, which are called opposite or vertical 
angles. 
CONTINGENT, something casual or 
uncertain. Hence future contingent, in logic, 
denotes a conditional event which may. or 
may not happen, according as circumstances 
fall out. The ancient Socinians maintained 
that God cannot foresee future contingents, 
because depending on the free motions of the 
will of man. 
Contingent is also a term of relation 
for the quota that falls to any person upon a 
division. Thus each prince in Germany, 
in time of war, is to furnish so many men, so 
much money and munition, for his contin- 
gent. 
Contingent use, in law, is an use li- 
mited in a conveyance of lands which may or 
may not happen to vest, according to the 
contingency mentioned in the limitation ot 
the use. And a contingent remainder is where 
no present interest passes ; but the estate is 
limited to take effect, either to a dubious 
and uncertain person, or upon a dubious and 
uncertain event ; so that the particular estate 
may chance to be determined, and the re- 
mainder never take effect. 
CONTINUANCE, in law, is the conti- 
nuing of a cause in court by an entry made 
for that purpose upon the records there. 
Continuance of a writ or action, is its 
continuing in force from one term to another, 
where the sheriff has not returned a former 
writ issued out in the same action. With 
respect to continuances, the court of king’s 
bench is not to enter them on the roll till 
after issue or demurrer, and then they enter 
the continuance of all on the back before 
judgment. 
CONTINUANDO, a term used in a spe- 
cial declaration of trespass, where the plain- 
tiff would recover damages for several tres- 
passes in one and the same action. To avoid 
multiplicity of suits, a person may in one 
action of trespass recover damages for many 
trespasses committed, by laying the same to 
be done with a continuando. 
CONTINUED proportion, in arith- 
metic, is that where the consequent of the 
first rat o is tiie same with the antecedent ot 
VJ 
CON 
t! e second; as 4: 8 : : 8 : 16, in contradistinc- 
tion to discrete proportion. See Discrete# 
CONT1NUO, in music, signifies the tho- 
rough bass, as basso continuo is the continual 
or thorough bass ; which is sometimes mark- 
ed in music books by the letters B. C. 
CONTOBARDIT ES, in church-history, a 
sect of heretics in the sixth century, who al- 
lowed of no bishops. 
CGNTOU R, the outline of a figure. It is 
sometimes used with great latitude, to ex- 
press the general cast or lineaments of the 
visage. See Painting. 
CONTOURNE', in heraldry, is used 
when a beast is represented standing or run- 
ning with its face to the sinister side of the 
escutcheon ; they being always supposed to 
look to the right, if not otherwise expressed. 
CONTOURNIATED, a term among an- 
tiquaries applied to medals, the edges of 
which appear as if turned in a lathe. This 
sort of work seems to have had its origin in 
Greece, and to have been designed to per- 
petuate the memories of great men, particu- 
larly those who had borne away the prize at 
the solemn games. Such are those. remain- 
ing of Homer, Solon, Euclid, Pythagoras, 
Socrates, and several athletax 
CONTRA formam collationis, a .writ 
that lies where a man had given lands to.the 
warden and master of an hospital, to sup- 
port certain poor men : if they alienated the 
land, then the donor or his heirs should 
bring this writ to recover them. 
Contra formam statuti, the usual 
conclusion of every indictment for an of- 
fence created by statute. 
CONTRA formam feoffamenti, is a 
writ which lies for the heir of a person en- 
feoffed of lands or tenements, who is di- 
strained by the lord for more services than 
are contained in the charter of feoffment. 
CONTRABAND, in commerce, a prohi- 
bited commodity or merchandise bought or 
sold, imported or exported, in prejudice to 
the laws and ordinances of a state, or the 
public prohibitions of the sovereign. Con- 
traband goods are not only liable to con- 
fiscation themselves, but also subject all 
other merchandise found with them in the 
same box, bale, or parcel, together with the 
horses, waggons, Ac. which conduct them. 
There are contrabands likewise, which, be- 
sides the forfeiture of the goods, are attended 
with several penalties and disabilities. 
The principal goods prohibited to be im- 
ported into Great Britain, are * alamodes and 
lustrings, except in the port of London, and 
by licence; * ammunition, without licence 
from the king ; * arms, without licence from 
the king; * bits for bridles; * popish books; 
brandy or rum, in casks less than 60 gallons, 
or in ships less than 15 tons burden; * but- 
tons of all sorts; printed, painted, stained, or 
dyed callicoes ; cards for wool, and playing 
cards ; * chocolate ready made, or cocoa 
paste ; cinnamon without licence, except 
from India; * woollen cloths; * dice ; leather 
gloves ; East India, Persia, and China wrought 
silks, Bengals, stuffs mixed with silk, orherba, 
except into the port of London, and under 
special regulations ; * fringes of silk or thread ; 
gold or silver thread, lace, fringe, or other 
works made thereof; * malt from beyond sea 
* salt in ships under twenty tons, or not in 
bulk; * silk embroidered, twined silk; 
* wrought silk mixed withhold, silver, or oUiWK 
