434 
COP 
COR 
and makes remembrances of all other things 
done in the lord’s court; thus a tenant by 
copy of court-roll is he who is admitted a 
tenant of any lands or tenements within a 
manor, that, time out of mind, by use and 
custom of the manor, have been demisable, 
and demised to such as will take the same in 
fee, or fee-tail, for life, years, or at will, ac- 
cording to the custom of the manor, by copy 
of court-roll of the said manor. 
The customs of manors differ as much as 
the humours and tempers of the respective 
antient lords ; so a copyholder by custom 
may be tenant in fee-simple, in fee-tail, for 
life, by the courtesy, in dower, for years, at 
sufferance, or on condition; subject, how- 
ever, to be deprived of these estates upon 
the concurrence of those circumstances 
which the will of the lords, promulged by im- 
memorial custom, has declared to be a for- 
feiture, or absolute determination of those 
interests ; as in some manors the want of 
issue, in others the want of issue male, in 
others the cutting down of timber, in others 
the non-payment of rent or fine. Yet none 
ot these interests amount to freehold ; for the 
freehold of the whole manor abides always 
with the lord only, who has granted out the 
use of occupation, but not the corporal 
seisin, or true possession, of certain parts or 
parcels thereof, to these his customary te- 
nants at will. 2 Black. 148. 
Where, by special custom, a descent of 
copyholds may be contrary to the common 
law, such custom shall be interpreted strict- 
ly ; but otherwise the lands must descend ac- 
cording to the rules of the common law. 
Durnf. and East, 466. 
Copyholds are not transferable by matter 
of record, even in the king’s courts ; but 
only in the court baron of the lord, by sur- 
render and admittance. 2 Black. 366. 
If one would exchange a copyhold to an- 
other, both must surrender to each other’s 
use, and the lord admit accordingly. Co. 
Copyhold, s. 36. 39. 
If a man will devise his copyhold estate, 
he cannot do it by his will, but he must sur- 
render to the use of his will, and in it declare 
his intent. Id. But when the legal estate is 
in trustees, a man cannot, in that case, sur- 
render the copyhold lands to the use of his 
will ; but they will pass by his will only. 2 
Atk. 33. 1 Vez. 489. 
So a mortgager may dispose of the equity 
of redemption by will, without surrender; 
for he has at that time no estate in the land 
whereof to make a surrender. 
A devise of a copyhold to the heir is void; 
for where two titles meet the worthier is to 
be preferred. Str. 489. 
A copyhold may be intailed by special 
custom, and the intail cut off by recovery or 
surrender in the lord’s court. But a reco- 
very in the lord’s court, without custom to 
warrant it, will not be a bar to the intail, but 
a surrender in that case will bar it. 2 Ver. 
603. But where there are two customs to 
bar estates tail, one by recovery, and the 
other by surrender, either of them may be 
pursued. Str. 1 197. 
Recovery in the lord’s court differs in no- 
thing that is material from recoveries of free- 
hold land in the king’s court ; but the me- 
thod of surrender is easier and cheaper. 2 
Black. 36'). 
COR 
I A copyhold is not barred by fine, and five 
years non- claim. Noy. 
Surrender is yielding up the estate by the 
tenant into the hands of the lord, for such 
purposes as in the surrender are expressed. 
A steward of a manor may take a surren- 
der out of the manor, but cannot admit out 
ot the manor. 4 Co. 26. A feme-covert 
is to be secretly examined by the steward on 
her surrendering her estate. 1 Inst. 59. 
Until admittance of the surrendree, the 
surrenderor continues tenant, and shall re- 
ceive the profits, and discharge all services 
due to the lord ; but he cannot revoke his 
surrender, except in the case of a surrender 
to the use of his will, which is always revoca- 
ble. And if the lord will not admit the sur- 
rendree, he may be compelled to it by a bill 
in chancery or mandamus. 2 Black. 368. 
And this method of conveyance, by surrender 
and admittance, is so essential to the nature 
of a copyhold estate, that it cannot possibly 
be transferred by any other assurance. No 
feoffment, fine, or recovery, in the king’s 
courts, has any operation upon it. Ibid. 
Upon admittance the tenant pays a fine to 
the lord, according to the custom of the ma- 
nor, and takes the oath of fealty. Id. If a co- 
pyholder does not pay the services due to the 
lord, or refuses to attend at the lord’s court, or 
to be of homage, or to pay his fine for ad- 
mittance, or to do suit at the lord’s mill, or the 
like, it is in law a forfeiture. Rol. Abr. 509. 
If there be a tenant for life, remainder in 
fee, and tenant for life commit a forfeiture 
by which his estate for life is forfeited, the 
lord enters for the forfeiture; yet this shall 
not bind him in the remainder, but only the 
tenant for life. Ibid. 
If a copyholder commit a felony of trea- 
son he forfeits his copyhold to the lord, with- 
out any particular custom ; only the king 
shall first have thereof the year, day, and 
waste. Gibb. Ter. 226. 
If a copyhold escheat, the lord may grant 
it out again with what improved fine he will. 
Hil. 5. 
COPY -RIGHT. See Literary Pro- 
perty. 
COR, the heart. See Anatomy. 
Cor Caroli, in astronomy, an extra-con 
stellated star in the northern hemisphere, 
situated between the coma Berenices and ur- 
sa major ; so called by Dr. Halley in honour 
of king Charles. 
Cor hydrte, a fixed star of the first mag- 
nitude, in the constellation of hydra. 
Cor leonis, or regulus, in astronomy, a 
fixed star of the first magnitude, in the con- 
stellation leo. 
COR AC IAS, the roller, in ornithology ; 
a genus of birds of the order of pica?, the cha- 
racters of which are : the bill is straight, bend- 
ing towards the tip, with the edges cultrated : 
the nostrils are narrow and naked; the legs 
for the most part short : the toes placed three 
before and one behind, and divided to their 
origin. Sixteen species have been enume- 
rated, though some of them are suspected to 
be only varieties. This genus is not confined 
to one spot of the globe, as one or other of the 
different species may be met with in all the 
four quarters of it. The following are the 
most remarkable : 
1 . The garrula, or garrulous roller, is 
about the size of a jay ; the bill black, and at 
the base beset with bristles, which do not 
cover the nostrils: the head, neck, breast, 
and belly, are of a light-blueish green ; back 
and scapulars, reddish brown ; coverts oil 
the ridge of the wing, rich blue, beneath 
them pale green ; upper part and tips of the 
quills dusky ; the lower parts of a fine deep 
blue; tail forked of a light blue; the legs 
are short and of a dirty yellow. Mr. Pen- 
nant observes that these birds are frequent in 
several parts of Europe, in most parts of 
which it is a bird of passage. Mention is made 
of them in Sweden and Denmark, on the one 
hand, and as far as Africa on the other : not 
that they are found in all the parts between, 
nor in the same plenty. Willugbby tells us, 
that in Germany, Sicily, and Malta, they 
are so common as to be sold in the markets, 
and in poulterers’ shops. Adanson says, that 
“ it comes to reside for some months of the 
summer in some parts of Europe, and goes 
back to spend the remainder of the year in 
Senegal,” having shot one on board the ship, 
on its passage, in April. Frisch observes, 
that it makes its nests in woods, where there 
is birch; that it does not come to its colour 
till the second year ; flies in troops in autumn ; 
often seen in tilled grounds, with rooks and 
other birds, searching for worms, small seeds, 
and roots. Its flesh tastes like that of a turtle. 
It is said also sometimes to make its nest in 
holes in the ground, in one of which nests two 
eggs were found. 
2. The cyanea, or blue-striped roller is in 
length eight inches ; the bill three quarters 
of an inch long, bent at the tip, and of a 
black colour : the irides are red ; the general 
colour of the plumage deep blue-black, dashed 
with streaks of greenish blue ; the tail and legs 
are black; it inhabits New Caledonia. 
3. The Sinensis, or Chinese roller is of 
the size of a jay: the bill and irides are red ; 
the head, hind part of the neck, back, rump, 
and upper tail-coverts, are green ; the under 
parts of the body, from the chin to the vent, 
are yellowish white, tinged with green ; but the 
thighs are grey ; the wing-coverts are olive- 
brown ; quills the same, with a mixture of 
chesnut in some ; the legs and claws are 
of a pale red, and longer than in other rollers. 
It inhabits China, and is called at Canton 
Santa-hoang. It is not very common. 
CORAL fishery. Red coral is found in 
the Mediteranean, on the shores of Pro- 
vence, from Cape de la Couronne to 
that of St. Tropez ; about the isles of Ma- 
jorca and Minorca ; on the south of Si- 
cily ; on the coasts of Africa ; and, lastly, 
in the Ethiopic ocean, about cape Negro. 
The divers say, that the little branches are 
found only in the caverns w'hose situation is 
parallel to the earth’s surface and open to the 
south. The manner of Ashing being nearly 
the same wherever coral is found, it will 
suffice to instance the method used at the 
bastion of France, under the direction of the 
company established at Marseilles for that 
fishery. Seven or eight men go in a boat 
commanded by the patron or proprietor, and 
w hen the net is thrown by the caster, the rest 
work the vessel, and help to draw the net in. 
The net is composed of two rafters of w T ocd 
tied cross-wise, with leads fixed to them : to 
these they fasten a quantity of hemp twisted 
loosely round, and intermingled with some 
large netting. This instrument is let down 
where they think there is coral, and pulled 
up again when the coral is strongly entangled 
O 
