437 
c o n 
remrfile is that which is made of ropes used 
before. Cordage, when very old, is used 
for oakum to caulk the seams of ships. 
When a rope is said to be six inches it is 
understood of its circumference. A rope of 
sixty threads is one composed of so many 
rope-varns. . . , 
CORDED, in heraldry. A cross-corded 
Some authors take tor a cross-wound or 
wrenched about with cOids. 
CORDELIER, in church history, a Fran- 
ciscan, or religious of the order of St. t ran- 
ds, The cordeliers are enjoined to live in 
common those who are admitted into the 
order, are first to sell all they have and give 
it to the poor. The priests are to fast from 
the feast of All Saints till the Nativity. 
CORDIA, a genus of the monogynia or- 
der, in the pentandria class of plants, and in the 
natural method ranking under the 4 1st order, 
asperifoUa. The corolla is funnel-shaped; 
the style dichotomous or divided into two 
threads, and each of these divided into othei 
two. There are five species, of which the 
principal are the myxa and sebestena. 
1. The myxa, or Assyrian plum, grows 
wild in Assyria or Egypt, and also on the coast 
of Malabar. It rises to the height of a mid- 
dling plum-tree ; and its branches are fur- 
nished with oval woolly leaves, standing 
without order. The dowers are produced 
in bunches ; are white, and consist ot one 
tubular petal, and a like calyx, nearly 
of an equal length, and both are cut into live 
parts to their brims. In their centre are five 
very small stamina, and one slender style 
crowned w ith an obtuse stigma. 1 he ger- 
men is roundish, and swells to a plum ot the 
same form, and about the size ot a damson, 
of a dark brown colour, a sweety taste, and 
very glutinous. In some parts of turkey' they 
cultivate this tree in great abundance, 
not only for the sake of the fruit to eat, 
but to make birdlime ot, whiefp is a gieat 
article of trade in a town called Seid. 
2. The sebestena, or rough-leaved cordia, 
grows naturally in both the Indies, and sends 
forth several shrubby stalks eight or ten feet 
high. The young leaves are serrated, but 
the full-grown ones are not. I hey' are ot an 
oblong oval form, rough, of a deep green, 
and stand alternately' on footstalxs. 1 ne 
flowers terminate the branches in large clus- 
ters of the shape and colour of the marvel of 
Peru, and wear a most beautiful appearance. 
Each has five stamina and ope bifid style. 
The plums are much of the shape of those 
of the myxa, and are eaten in the same man- 
ner. The fruit of Ihis tree is less valuable 
than the wood, a small piece of which thrown 
upon a clear tire will perfume a room with a 
most agreeable odour. 
CORDIAL, in medicine, whatever raises 
the spirits, and gives them a sudden strength 
and cheerfulness. See Medicine. 
CORDON, in fortification, a row of stones, 
made round on the outside, and set between 
the wall of the fortress which lies aslope, and 
the parapet which stands perpend cular, after 
such a manner, that this difference may nob 
be offensive to the eye ; whence the cordons 
serve only as an ornament, ranging round 
about the place, being only used in fortifica- 
tions of stone-work : for in those made with 
earth the void space is filled up with pointed 
6ta c ORDW AIN ERS, the term whereby 
COR 
the statutes denominate shoemakers. The j 
word is formed from the French cordonnier, 
which Menage derives from cordouan, a kind 
of leather brought from Cordova, ot which 
they formerly made the upper leathers of 
their shoes. Others derive it from cords, 
because antielitly shoes were made of cords ; 
as they still are in some parts of Spain, 
under the name of alpargates. Rut the 
former etymology is better warranted : for, 
in effect,' the French workmen who pre- 
pare the cordovas are still called cordouan- 
niers. In Paris, before the revolution, they 
had two pious societies under the title of 
freres cordonniers. The produce of their 
shoes went into a common stock, to furnish 
necessaries for their support; and the rest 
was distributed among the poor. 
COREOPSIS, tickseeded sunflower: a 
genus of the poly gamia frustranea order, in the 
syngenesia class of plants; and in the natural 
method ranking under the 49th order, com- 
posite. The receptacle is paleaceous; the 
pappus two-horned ; the calyx erect and po- 
le phyllous, surrounded with patent radiated 
leaflets at the base. There are 20 species, 
most of them herbaceous perennials. They 
rise from 3 to 8 feet ; terminated by clusters 
of compound radiated flowers of a yellow co- 
lour. They have all perennial fibrous roots, 
and annual stalks, which rise in the spring, 
flower from July to October, and decay to 
the root in November. The flowers are all 
shaped like sunflow'ers, but smaller, and 
are very ornamental. They are easily pro- 
pagated by slipping or dividing the roots in 
autumn. 
CORIANDRUM, coriander, a genus of 
the digynia order, in the pentandria class of 
plants, ' and in the natural method ranking 
under the 45th order, unibellatae. The co- 
rolla is radiated ; the petals intlexed-emar- 
ginated ; the involucrum universal and mo- 
nophvllous ; the partial involucra halved ; 
the fruit spherical. There are only two spe- 
cies, both of them herbaceous annuals, the 
leaves of which are useful for the kitchen, 
and the seeds for medicine. Both species 
have divided small leaves, somewhat resem- 
bling parsley : but there is only one species 
generally cultivated, namely, the sativum. 
This has a small fibrous white root, crowned 
by many-parted Reaves, having broadish seg- 
ments ; and in the centre an upright, round, 
branchy stalk, two feet high, having all the 
branches terminated by umbels of flowers, 
which are succeeded by globular fruit. It is 
propagated by seed, which, when a good crop 
is wanted, ought to be sown in March, either 
in drills a foot asunder, or by broadcast, and 
then raked in. When the plants are an inch 
or two high, they should be hoed to six or 
eight inches distance. The seeds, when fresh, 
have a strong disagreeable smell, which im- 
proves by drying, and becomes sufficiently 
grateful: they are recommended as carmina- 
tive and stomachic. 
CORIARA, the tanners ox myrtle-leaved 
sumach, a genus of the decandria order, in 
the dieecia class of plants, and in the natural 
method ranking under the 54th order, mis- 
cellanea;. Theinale calyx is pentaphyllous ; 
the corolla penlapetalous, very like the calyx, 
and united with it ; the antherae bipartite. 
The female calyx is pentaphyllous ; the co- 
rolla like that of the male ; the styles five, 
seeds five, covered with a like number of suc- 
C O R 
culent petals, forming altogether the resem- 
blance of a berry. 'There are three species, 
the myrtitolia, rusufolia, and the sarmentosa. 
The first two are natives ot the south of 
France, but the last is most commonly cul- 
tivated in this country. It is a pretty orna- 
mental plant, with a shrubby pithy brown 
stem, closely branching from the bottom ; 
and forms a bushy head three or four feet 
over, with oblong, pointed, bright-green 
leaves, having small spikes ot whitish flowers 
at the ends of the branches. It is easily pro- 
pagated bv suckers from the root, in which it 
abounds plentifully, and may be taken oft 
with fibres every autumn or winter. It is 
much used in France for tanning leather, 
whence its name tanner’s sumach. 
CORINTHIAN ORDER. See Ar- 
chitecture. 
COlllS, a genus of the monogynia order, 
in the pentandria class of plants, and in the 
natural method ranking with those ot which 
the order is doubtful. The corolla is mono* 
petalous and irregular; the calyx prickly; 
the capsule quinquevalved, superior. 1 here 
is only one species, viz. the nionspeliensis, 
or blue maritime coris. r i here are two va- 
rieties of this plant, one with a red, and the 
other with a white flower; but these are only 
accidental, and arise from the same seeds. 
They grow wild about Montpelier, and in 
most places in the south ot France: they 
seldom grow above six inches high, and 
spread near the surface of the ground like 
heath; and in June, when they are lull of 
flowers, make a very pretty appearance. 
They may be propagated by sowing their 
seeds in a bed of fresh earth, and afterwards 
removing the young plants, some in pots, 
and others into a warm border. 1 hey ge- 
nerally bear out winter, colds well enough, 
but severe frosts will sometimes destroy 
them ; for which reason it is proper to keep 
some of them in pots, which should he put 
under a hotbed frame in winter. 
CQRiSPERMUM, ticksecd, a genus of 
the digynia order, in the monandria class ot 
plants, and in the natural method ranking un- 
der the 12th order, holoracese. There is no 
calyx ; two petals, and one oval naked seed. 
There are two species ; but neither of them 
are remarkable for their beauty, or any other 
quality. 
CORK. See Quercus. 
Cork-fossil, a name given to a kind of 
stone. It is a species of amianthus, consist- 
ing of flexible iibres loosely interwoven, and 
somewhat resembling vegetable cork. It is 
the lightest of all stones ;' by tire it is fusible, 
and forms a black glass. 
Cork-jacket, a kind of waistcoat, com- 
posed of four pieces of cork, two for the 
breasts, and two for the back ; each pretty 
near, in length and breadth, to the quarters 
of a waistcoat without flaps; the whole is 
covered with coarse canvas, with two holes 
to put the arms through. There is a space 
left between the two back-pieces, and the 
same betwixt each back and breast-piece, 
that they may sit the easier to the body. 
Thus the waistcoat is only open before, 
and may be fastened on the wearer with 
strings ; or, if it should be thought more se- 
cure, with buckles and leather straps. This 
waistcoat is the invention of Mr. Dubourg : 
but it has been improved by Dr. Wilkinson, 
of Woodford, who rendered it much move 
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