504 
D E P 
DEP 
D E R 
observation was made. This departure,, any- 
where but under the equator, must be 
counted according to the number of miles in 
a degree proper to the parallel the ship is 
under. The departure, in plane and Mer- 
cator’s sailing, is always represented by the 
base of a right-angled plane triangle, where 
the course is the angle opposite to it, and the 
distance sailed is the hypothenuse ; the per- 
pendicular or other leg being the difference 
of latitude. And then the theorem for finding 
if, is always this: as radius, is to the sine of 
the course, so is the distance sailed, to the 
departure sought. 
DEPORTATION, a sort of banishment 
used by the Romans, whereby some island or 
other place was allotted to a criminal for the 
place of his abode, with a prohibition not to 
stir out of the same on pain of death. 
DEPOSIT, among civilians, something 
that is committed to the custody of a person, 
to be kept without any reward, and to be re- 
turned again on demand. Deposit is distin- 
guished into simple and judiciary. 
DEPOSITION. Proof in the high, court 
of chancery is by the depositions of witnesses ; 
and the copies of such, regularly taken and 
published, are read as evidence at the hear- 
ing. For the purpose of examining witnesses 
in or near London, there is an examiner’s 
office appointed ; but for such as live in the 
country, a commission to examine witnesses 
is usually granted to four commissioners, two 
named on each side, or any three or two of 
them, to take the depositions there. And if 
the witnesses reside beyond sea, a commission 
may be had to examine them there, upon 
their own oaths ; and if foreigners, upon the 
oaths of two skilful interpreters. The com- 
missioners are sworn to take the examina- 
tions truly, and without partiality, and not to 
divulge them till published in the court of 
chancery ; and their clerks are also sworn to 
secresy. Tire witnesses are compellable by 
process of subpoena, as in the courts of com- 
mon law, to appear and submit to examina- 
tion ; and when their depositions are taken, 
they are transmitted to the court with the 
same care that the answer of a defendant is 
sent. .3 Black. 445. 
DEPOT, any particular place in which 
military stores are deposited for the use of 
an army. In a more extensive sense, it 
means several magazines collected together 
for that purpose. It also signifies an appro- 
priated fort, or place, for the reception of re- 
cruits, or detached parties, belonging to dif- 
ferent regiments. The barracks near Maid- 
stone are depots for the British cavalry, and 
Chatham is allotted to the infantry. During 
hostilities, the greatest attention should be 
given to preserve the several depots which 
belong to the fighting army. Hence the line 
of operation should be invariably connected 
with them ; or rather no advance should be 
made upon that line, without the strictest re- 
gard being paid to the one of communica- 
tion. 
Depot is also used to denote a particular 
place at the tail of the trenches, out of the 
reach of the cannon of the place ; where the 
troops generally assemble who are ordered 
to attack the outworks, or support the troops 
in the trenches, when there is reason to ima- 
gine the besieged intend making a vigorous 
sally. 
Depot likewise means a temporary ma- 
gazine for forage, for fascines, gabions, tools, 
and every other thing necessary for the sup- 
port of an army, or for carrying on a siege. 
DEPRESSION of the pole. Whenaperson 
sails or travels towards the equator, he is said 
to depress the pole ; because as many degrees 
as he approaches nearer the equator, so many 
degrees will the pole be nearer the horizon. 
'Phis phenomenon arises from the spherical 
figure of the earth. When a star is under the 
horizon, it is termed the depression of that 
star under the horizon. The altitude or de- 
pression of any star is an arch of the vertical 
intercepted between the horizon and that 
star. 
Depression of the visible horizon, or dip 
of the horizon, denotes its sinking or dipping 
below the true horizontal plane, by the ob- 
server’s eye being raised above the surface 
of the sea ; in consequence of which the ob- 
served altitude of an object is by so much 
too great. 
Thus, the eye being at E, the height AE 
above the surface of the earth, whose centre 
is C ; then EH is the real horizon, and E/t 
the visible one, below the former by the an- 
gle HE//, by reason of the elevation AE of 
the eye. 
To compute the depression or dip of the 
horizon.— In the right-angled triangle C lilt 
(PI. Miscel. fig. 39), are given Ch, the earth’s 
radius = 21000000 feet, and the hypothe- 
nuse CE = the radius increased by the height 
AE of the eye ; to find the angle C, which is 
— the angle HE/g or depression sought ; 
As C h : CE : : radius : sec. <!C, 
or As CE : Ch : : radius : cosin. -<C. 
By either of these theorems are computed 
the numbers in the following table ; which 
shews the depression or dip of the horizon of 
the sea for different heights of the eye, from 
1 foot to 100 feet. 
Dip of 
the ho- 
rizon. 
- CMco-cto:CM--r^rcoc:cMcoco 
— CO CM CM «0 to co 
Height 
of the 
eye. 
^cocoomo'-ooooooo 
p£j CM CM CO CO -S' iO CO co O) © 
Dip of l 
the ho-j 
rizon. | 
„ CD '-r* CM O: CO co O CO CM CO --+ c 
'■ CM CC --1 '1 <0 — — CM CM CO '-+ 
CO CO co co CO -5* -sf •=* -of -*t 
,2 2 
Sc~£ c; 
’5 
HH QJ 
o 
JJ co ^ N OO a O — CM co •'f 
£ _ _ _ _ _ CM CM CM CM CM 
Dip of | 
the ho- 
rizon. ; 
^ n a i.o co c - ‘Cm cm — o x 
i-O CM CO IQ CM CO i-O — r— 
- O — — CM CM CM CM CM CO CO CO 
Height 
of the 
eye. 
< CM 
Ph — — 
. 
DEPRESSOR. See Anatomy. 
DEPRIVATION, in the canon law, is an 
ecclesiastical censure, by which a clergyman 
is deprived of his parsonage, vicarage, or 
other spiritual promotion of dignity. Degg’s 
Parson’s Counsellor, c. 9. 
Causes of deprivation. If a clerk obtains 
preferment in the church by simonical con- 
tract ; if he is an excommunicate, a drunk- 
ard, fornicator, adulterer, infidel, or heretic ; 
or guilty of murder, manslaughter, perjury, 
forgery, See. ; if a clerk is illiterate, and not 
able to perform the duty of his church ; if lie 
is a scandalous person in life and conversa- 
tion, or bastardy is objected against him ; if lie 
is under age, viz. the age of twenty-three 
years ; is disobedient and incorrigible to his 
ordinary, or a nonconformist to the canons ; 
if he refuses to use the common-prayer, or 
preaches in derogation of it ; does not ad- 
1 minister the sacrament, or read the articles 
of religion, &c. ; if any parson, vicar, &c. 
has one benefice with cure of souls, and takes 
plurality without a faculty or dispensation ; 
or if he commits waste in the houses and 
lands of the church, called dilapidations : ail 
these have been held good causes for depri- 
vation of priests. Deg. Par. Coun. 98 , 99 . 
DEPTH, in geometry, the same with al- 
titude ; though, strictly speaking, we only] 
use the term depth to denote iiow much one 
body, or part of a body, is below another. 
See Height, &c. 
Depth of a battalion, squadron, Sfc. the 
number of men in a file, or who stand before 
each other in a straight line. In the antitut 
armies this was very great. 
DEPUTY, is one that exercises an office | 
in another’s right ; and the forfeiture or mis- 
demeanour of such deputy shall cause the. 
person, whom he represents, to lose his of- i 
lice. 
There is a great difference between a de- 
puty and assignee of an office ; for an assig- j 
nee has an interest in tire office itself, and 
does all things in his own name, for which hi# 
grantor shall not answer unless in special 
case; but a deputy has not any interest in 
the office, but is only the shadow of an officer, 
in whose name he does all things. 9 Rep. 
49 . 
A superior officer must answer for his de- 
puty in civil actions if he is not sufficient; : 
but in criminal cases it is otherwise, where de- , 
puties are to answer for themselves. 2 Inst. ; 
191 . 
DERMESTES, in zoology, a genus of in-1 
sects belonging to the order of coleoptera. 
The antennae are clavated, with three of the 
joints thicker than the rest ; the breast is 
convex ; and the head is inflected below the 
breast. There are thirty species, of which 
the following deserve notice : 
1. The lardarius is of an oblong form, and 
of a dim-black colour, easily distinguishable 
by a light-brown stripe, that occupies trans- 
versely almost the anterior half of the elytra, j 
That colour depends on small grey hairs j 
situated on that part. The stripe is irregular ■ 
at its edges ; and is intersected through the j 
middle by a small transversal streak of black 
spots, three in number on each of the elytra, i 
the middlemost of which is somewhat lower j 
than the rest, which gives the black streak a 
serpentine form. Its larva, that is oblong, j 
somewhat hairy, and divided into segments : 
alternately dark and light-coloured, g nay's ; 
and destroys preparations of animals pre- \ 
served in collections, and even feeds upon the 
insects. See Plate Nat. Hist. fig. 162. 
2. 'I he domesticus varies greatly in size 
and colour ; some being found of a dark- 
brown, others of a much lighter line. The 
form of it is oblong, almost cylindrical. The 
elytra are striated ; the thorax is thick, and ; 
rather gibbous. This little animal, when i 
touched, draws in its head under its thorax, | 
and its feet beneath its abdomen ; remaining 
so motionless, that one would suppose it 
