E L JE 
E L A 
E L A 
had against him, by which the actual tenant 
will inevitably be turned out of possession. 
2 Crump. Prac. 152. 
The antient way of proceeding was by ac- 
tual sealing a lease on the premises, by the 
party in interest who was to try the titles ; 
and this method is still in use in the following 
cases: 
First, Where the house or thing for which 
ejectment is brought is empty. Secondly, 
When a corporation is lessor ot the plaintiff, 
they must give a letter of attorney to some 
person to enter and seal a lease on the land ; 
for a corporation cannot make an attorney or 
a bailiff except by deed, nor can they appear 
but by making a proper person their attorney 
by deed, therefore they cannot enter and 
demise upon the land as natural persons can. 
L. Ray m. 135. Thirdly, When the several 
interests of the lessor of the plaintiff are not 
known, for in that case it is proper to seal a 
lease on the premises, lest they should fail in 
setting out in their declaration the several in- 
terests which each man possesses. Fourthly, 
Where the proceedings are in an inferior 
court, they must proceed by actually sealing 
a lease, because they cannot make rules con- 
fess lease, entry, and ouster, inasmuch as in- 
ferior courts have not authority to imprison 
for disobedience to their rules. 
It is a general rule, that no person can in 
any case bring an ejectment, unless he has in 
himself at the time a right of entry ; for al- 
though by the modern practice the defendant 
is obliged by rule of court, to confess lease, 
entry, and ouster, yet that rule was only de- 
signed to expedite the trial of the plaintiff’s 
right, and- not to give him a right which he 
had not before ; and therefore, when it hap- 
pens that the person claiming title to the 
lands has no right of entry, he cannot main- 
tain his action. 3 Black. 206. 
The damages recovered in these actions, 
though formerly their only intent, are now 
usually (since the title lias been considered 
as the principal question) very small and in- 
adequate, amounting commonly to one shil- 
ling, or some other trivial sum. In order 
therefore to complete the remedy, when the 
possession has been long detained from him 
that has right, an action of trespass also lies, 
after a recovery in ejectment, to recover tiie 
mesne profits which the tenant in possession 
had wrongfully received; which action may 
be brought in the name of either the nominal 
plaintiff in the ejectment, or his lessor, against 
the tenant in possession, whether lie is made 
party to the ejectment, or suffers judgment 
to go by default. 
EKEBERGIA, a genus of the class and 
order decandria monogynia. The calyx is 
four-parted ; petals four ; berry contains five 
oblong seeds. There is one species, a tree 
of the Cape. 
ELvEAGNU S, oleaster, or wild olive., a 
genus of the monogynia order, in the tetran- 
dria class of plants, and in the natural method 
ranking under the 1 6 th order, ealyciflorae. 
There is no corolla; the calyx is campanu- 
lated, quadrifid, superior ; the fruit is a plum 
below the campanulated calyx. There are 
nine species: The most remarkable are, 1. 
orientalis, or eastern broad-leaved olive, with 
a large fruit, is a native of the Levant and 
some parts of Germany. The leaves are 
about two inches long, and one and a half 
broad in the middle. They are placed al- 
ternate, and of a silver colour; at the foot- 
stalk of every leaf there conies out a pretty 
long sharp thorn, which are alternately longer; 
the flowers are small, the inside of the em- 
palement is yellow, and they have a strong 
scent when fully open. 2. The angustifolia, 
without thorns, is that kind commonly pre- 
served in the gardens of this country. The 
leaves are more than three inches long, ana 
half an inch broad, and have a shining ap- 
pearance like satin. 1 he flowers come out 
at the footstalks of the leaves, sometimes 
singly, at other times two, and sometimes 
three, at the same place. The outside of the 
empalement is silvery and studded; the in- 
side of a pale yellow, and having a very 
strong scent. The flowers appear in July, 
and are sometimes succeeded by fruit. 3. The 
latifolia, with oval leaves, is a native of Cey- 
lon, and some other parts of India. 
The two first may be propagated by laving 
down the young shoots in autumn. r Lhey 
will take root in one year; when they may- 
be cut off from the old trees, and either trans- 
planted into a nursery for two or three years 
to be trained up, or ’into places where they 
are to remain. The proper time for this is 
in the beginning of March, or early in the 
autumn. They should be placed where they 
may be screened from high winds, for they 
grow very freely, and are apt to be split by 
the wind if they are too much exposed. T he 
third sort is too tender to endure the open air 
of this country ; and therefore must be kept 
in a warm stove, except during a short time 
in the warmest part of the summer. From 
the flowers of these plants an aromatic and 
cordial water has been drawn, which is said 
to have been successfully used in putrid and 
pestilential fevers. The genus elcagnus is 
not to be confounded with the oleaster, or 
wild olive of Gerard, Parkinson and Ray. 
The last is only a particular species of olive, 
called by Tournefort and Caspar Bauhine 
olea sylvestris. 
ELfEIS, a genus belonging to the natural 
order of palmax Tiie male calyx is hexaphyl- 
lous; the corolla sextid; the stamina six : the 
female calyx is hexaphyllous; the corolla hex- 
apetalous; the stigma three; the fruit is a 
fibrous plum, with a three-valved nut or 
kernel. There is one species, from the fruit 
of which, resembling an olive in shape, the 
negroes extract the famous palm oil. 
ELjEOCARPUS, a genus of the monogy- 
nia order, in the polvandria class of plants, 
and in the natural method ranking with those 
of which the order is doubtful. The corolla 
is pentapetalous and lacerated ; the calyx is 
pentaphylloiis ; and the fruit is a plum, .with a 
wrinkled shell. There are six species, trees 
of the East Indies. One of them, the copal- 
liferus, yields the resin so useful as a varnish, 
called gum copal. 
EL.EODEN DRUM, olive wood, a genus 
of the pentandria monogynia class and order. 
The corolla is five-petalled ; drupe ovate, 
with a two-celled nut. There are two spe- 
cies, trees of Africa. 
ELAPHEBOLIUM, in Grecian antiqui- 
ty, the ninth-month of the Athenian year, an- 
swering to the latter part of February and be- 
ginning of March. It consisted of 30 days, 
and its name from the festival elaphebolia, 
kept in this month, in honour of Diana the 
huntress, on which occasion, a cake made in 
the form of a deer was offered to her. 
589 
ELASMIS, in natural history a genus of 
ta’.cs, composed of small plates in form ot 
spangles, and either single, and not farther 
fissile, or if complex, only fissile to a certain 
degree, and that in somewhat thick laminae. 
Of these talcs there are several varieties, 
some with large and others with small span- 
gles, which differ also in colour, and other 
peculiarities. See Talc. 
ELASTICITY, or elastic force, that pro- 
perty of bodies with which they restore them- 
selves to their former figure, after any exter- 
nal pressure ; being the same with what is 
otherwise called springiness, very obseivable 
in a bent bow, steel springs, and the like. 
There are in nature as varieties of 
activities ; in some of which the causes are 
rendered manifest by experimental in- 
quiries ; in others, and amongthese we may 
reckon elasticity, where no cause at all 
is discoverable by the senses. 
A variety of experiments prove the exist- 
ence of an elastic force. I he sepai ation of 
two bodies after impact, is a proof ot elasti- 
city. Metals, semi-metals, stones, gems, fos- 
sils, cartilages, most fluids, as air, and even wa- 
ter’ exert an influence opposite to the direc- 
tion of the force compressing them, and dis- 
cover a tendency to return to th.fr natural 
state : which tendency is in all of them imper- 
fect, and less than the force impressed ; but 
most perfect in glass, ivory, hardened steel, 
and cartilages. . 
Elasticity is increased by augmenting the 
density of a body : thus metals are rendered 
more elastic by being beaten by a hammer : 
and their elasticity, which was scarcely sen- 
sible before, by this process becomes very 
sensible. Steel is more elastic when tem- 
pered, and its density is increased in the ratio 
of 7809 to 7738. ' , . 
Elasticity is sometimes increased by cold ; 
thus the range of a cannon-ball is said to be 
greater when the cannon is cold, than when 
heated ; and the string of violin, or a steel 
lamina, is inflected, and also recovers its si- 
tuation, with less force in hot than in cold wea- 
ther. , , . ..... 
Metal fibres, and thin steel laminae, exhibit 
no elasticity, unless stretched to a certain de- 
gree, and inflected by a certain force ; as 
appears from lax cords, which, if a little 
stretched and removed from their natural 
state, discover no tendency to return to it ; 
and when the inflection of a fibre is very great,, 
the influence of elasticity seems to be in some 
cases annihilated ; as appears by tire fibres ot 
wood, which, inflected to a certain degree, 
remain quiescent, and have no tendency to 
recover their former situation, lhe limits- 
where the elastic power beigns, or where it 
terminates, are unknown. . 
Motion is supposed to be communicated or 
diffused, in elastic bodies, from the point of 
impact to the remote parts ; and this suppo- 
sition is grounded on the following experi- 
ments. r ... 
If two ivory balls are suspended, so that 
their centres are in one line, lhe suiface 
of one of them, B,is fresh painted. By lett- 
ing them touch each other gently, A receives 
a small point of paint upon its surface. IN ow 
by raising the ball A, so that it may impinge 
with some violence on B, it will be evi- 
dent that the surface of each ball has been 
flattened by the blow ; for there is on each, 
a circular mark, shewn by the paint struck. 
