E X E 
other less estate, may be limited after a fee- 
simple.- 3. That hereby a remainder may 
be limited of a chattel interest, after a parti- 
cular estate for life created in the same. 2 
Black. 17,2. 
Executory devises of terms for years .— It 
a farmer devises his term to A for life, the re- 
mainder to another, though A have the whole 
estate (for that is in him during his life) and 
so no remainder can be limited over, at com- 
mon law, yet it is good by way ot executory 
devise. 1 Rol. Abr. 6 10. 
EXEDRiE, in antiquity, a general name 
for such buildings as were distinct from the 
} main body ot the churches, and yet within 
the limits of the church taken in its largest 
I sense. Among the exedne the chief was the 
j baptistery. Exedne were also halls or little 
I academies with several seats, upon which 
philosophers, rhetoricians, &c. sat when they 
! met for conversation or disputation. \ itru- 
vius speaks of them as places very open ana 
exposed to the sun. 
EXEGESIS, a discourse by way of ex- 
planation or comment upon any subject. In 
the Scotch universities there is an exercise 
j among the students in divinity called an ex- 
J egesis, in which a question is stated by the 
respondent, who is then opposed by two or 
: three other students In their turns; during 
which time the professor moderates, and 
I solves the difficulties which the respondent 
I cannot overcome. 
EXEMPLIFICATION of letters patent , 
a transcript or duplicate of them, made from 
j the enrolment thereof, and sealed with the 
great seal. These exemplifications are by 
Statute equally effectual, and may be pleaded 
as well as the originals. One may exem- 
plify a patent under the great seal in chan- 
cery ; also any record or judgment in any of 
the courts at Westminster, under the seal of 
each court; which exemplifications may be 
given in evidence to a jury. It is held, that 
nothing but matter of record ought to be ex- 
emplilied. 
EXEMPTION, in law, a privilege to be 
free from some service or appearance: thus, 
barons and peers of the realm are, on account 
of their dignity, exempted from being sworn 
upon inquests; and knights, clergymen, and 
others, from appearing at the sheriff’s tourn. 
Persons of seventy years of age, apothecaries, 
8cc. are also by law exempted from serving 
• on juries ; and justices of the peace,attorneys, 
&c. from parish-offices. 
Exemption, in the church of Rome, a 
privilege granted by the pope to the clergy, 
and sometimes to the laity, to exempt or free 
them from the jurisdiction of their respective 
ordinaries. Thus monasteries, and even 
private priests, for a small charge formerly 
procured exemptions from the jurisdiction ot 
their bishops. In this, however, the council 
of Trent made a small reformation, by abo- 
lishing the exemption of particular priests, 
and monks not living in cloisters, and that of 
chapters in criminal matters. 
EXERCISE, among physicians, such an 
agitation of the body as produces salutary 
effects iu the animal ceconomy. See Medi- 
cine. . 
Exercise, in military affairs, is the prac- 
tice of all those motions and actions, toge- 
ther with the whole management of arms, 
wiiich a soldier is to be perfect in, to render 
EXE 
him fit for service, and make him understand 
liow to attack and defend. Exercise is the 
first part of the military art; and the more it 
is considered, the more essential it will ap- 
pear. Jt disengages the human frame from 
the stiff rusticity of simple nature, and forms 
men and horses to all the evolutions of war. 
The honour, merit, appearance, strength, 
and success of a corps, depend wholly upon 
the attention which has been paid to the drill 
and exercise of it, according to prescribed 
rules and regulations; while on the other 
hand we see the greatest armies, for want ot 
being exercised, instantly disordered, and 
that disorder increasing in spite of command; 
the confusion oversets the art of ' skilful mas- 
ters, and the valour of the men only serves to 
precipitate the defeat; for which reason it is 
the duty of every officer to take care that the 
recruits be drilled as soon as they join the 
corps. 
The greatest advantage derived from 
exercise, is the expertness with which men 
become capable of loading and firing, and 
their learning an attention to act in confor- 
mity with those around them. It has always 
been lamented, that men have been brought 
on service, without being informed of the 
uses of the different manoeuvres they have 
been practising; and that having no ideas of 
any thing but the uniformity of the parade, 
they instantly fail into disorder and confusion 
when they lose the step, or see a deviation 
from the straight lines they have been accus- 
tomed to at exercise. It is a pity to see so 
much attention confined to show, and so 
little given to instruct the troops in what may 
be of use to them on service. Though the 
parade is the place to form the characters of 
soldiers, and to teach them uniformity, yet 
when confined to that alone, it is too limited 
and mechanical for a true military genius. 
The great loss which our troops sustained 
in Germany, America, and the West Indies, 
during a former war, from sickness, and not 
from the enemy, was chieliy owing to a neg- 
lect of exercise. An army whose numbers 
vanish after the first four months ol a cam- 
paign, may lie very ready to give battle in 
their existing period ; but the fact is, that al- 
though lighting is one part ot a soldier s bu- 
siness, yet bearing fatigue, and being in 
health, is another, and at least as essential as 
the first, A campaign may pass without a 
battle, but no part of a campaign can be 
gone through without fatigue, without 
marches, without an exposure to bad wea- 
ther ; all of which have exercise for their 
foundation; and if soldiers are not trained 
and inured to these casualties, but sink 
under them, they become inadequate to bo- 
dily fatigue, and eventually turn out a bur- 
then to their country. 
It is not from numbers, or from inconside- 
rate valour, that we are to expect victory ; in 
battle it commonly follows capacity, and a 
knowledge of arms. We do not see that the 
Romans made use of any other means to 
conquer the world, than a continual practice 
of military exercises, an exact discipline in 
their camps, and a constant attention to cul- 
tivate the art of war. Hence, both antients 
and moderns agree, that there is no other 
way to form good soldiers but by exercise 
and discipline; and it is by a continual prac- 
tice and attention to this, that the Prussians 
arrived at that point of perfection which 
5 
EXE 677 
has been so much admired in their evolu- 
tions, and manual exercise. 
Formerly in the British service every com- 
mander in chief, or officer commanding a 
corps, adopted or invented such manoeuvres 
as he judged proper, excepting in the in- 
stance of a few regulations for review ; neither 
the manual exercise, nor quick and slow 
marching, were precisely defined by autho- 
rity. Inconsequence, when regiments from 
different parts of the kingdom were brigad- 
ed, they were unable to act in line till the 
general officer commanding had established 
some temporary system to be observed by all 
under his command. 
These inconveniences were at length ob- 
viated by the rules and regulations compiled 
by general Dundas on the system of the 
Prussian 'discipline, as established by Irede- 
ric the Great. 
By his majesty’s orders issued in 1792, this 
system is directed to be “ strictly followed 
and adhered to, without any deviation what- 
soever. And such orders before given, as 
are found to interfere with, or counteract 
their effect and operation, are to be consider- 
ed as cancelled and annulled.” 
Exercise of the infant)'//, includes the use 
of the firelock and practice of the manoeuvres 
for regiments of foot, according to the regu- 
lations issued by authority. 
When a regiment of loot is drawn up, or 
paraded for exercise, the men are placed 
two, and sometimes three deep, which latter 
is the natural formation of a battalion. I he 
grenadiers are on the right, and the light in- 
fantry on the left. In order to have the ma- 
nual exercise well performed, it is in a parti- 
cular manner requisite, that the ranks and 
files he even, well dressed, and the file-leaders 
well covered ; this must be very strictly at- 
tended to both by the major and his adjutant; 
all officers also, on service in general, where 
men are drawn up underarms, or without, 
must be careful that the ranks and Ides are 
exactly even, and the soldiers must learn to 
dress themselves at once, without the neces- 
sity of being directed to do it. I lie beauty 
of all exercise and marching consists in see- 
ing a soldier carry his arms well, keep his 
firelock steady and even in the hollow of his 
shoulder, the right hand hanging down, and 
the whole body without constraint. 1 he 
musquets when shouldered, should be ex- 
actly dressed in rank and file; the men must 
keep their bodies upright, and in full front, 
not having one shoulder too forward, or the 
other too backward. The distances between 
the files must be equal, and not greater than 
from arm to arm, which gives the requisite 
room for the motions. The ranks are to be 
two paces distant from each other. Every 
motion must be done with file, and all fa- 
cings, wheelings, and marchings, performed 
with the greatest .exactness. Hence a regi- 
ment should never be under arms longer 
than two hours. 
Exercise of the cavalry, is of two sorts, 
on horseback and on foot. The squadrons 
for exercise are sometimes drawn up three 
deep, though frequently two deep ; the tallest 
men and horses in the front, and so on. When 
a regiment is formed in squadrons, the dis- 
tance of 24 feet, as a common interval, is 
always to be left between the ranks, and 
the files must keep boot-top to boot-top. 
The officers commanding squadrons must. 
