E X H 
E X H 
6/3 
above all things, be careful to form with great 
celerity, and during the whole time of exer- 
cise to preserve their several distances. In 
all wheelings, the flank which wheels must 
come about in full gallop. The men must 
keep a steady seat upon their horses, and 
have their stirrups at a lit length. 
Exercise of the artillery, is the method 
of teaching the regiments of artillery the use 
and practice of all the various machines of 
war, viz. 
Exercise of the light field-pieces teaches 
the men to load, ram, and sponge the guns 
well; to elevate them according to the dis- 
tance, by the quadrant and screw; to judge 
of distances and elevations without the qua- 
drant; how to use the portfire, match, and 
tubes for quick tiring ; how to fix the drag- 
ropes, and use them in advancing, retreating, 
and wheeling with' the field-pieces; how to 
fix and unfix the trail of the carriage on the 
limbers, and how to lix and unfix the boxes 
for grape-shot on the carriages of each piece. 
Exercise of the garrison and battering 
artillery, is to teach the men how to load, 
ram, and sponge; how to handle the hand- 
spikes in elevating and depressing the metal 
•to given distances, and for ricochet ; how to 
-adjust the coins, and work the gun to its pro- 
per place; and how to point and fire with 
exactness, & c. 
ExERCisE/or the mortar, is of two differ- 
ent sorts, viz. with powder and shells un- 
loaded, and with powder and shells loaded ; 
each of which is to teach the men their duty, 
and to make them handy in using the imple- 
ments for loading, pointing, traversing, and 
firing, &c. 
Exercise of the howitzer ^ filers but little 
from the mortar, except that it is liable to 
various elevations ; whereas that of the mor- 
tar is fixed to an angle of 45 °; but the men 
should be taught the method of ricochet- 
firing, and how to practise with grape-shot; 
each method requiring a particular degree of 
elevation. 
EXERCISES are also understood of what 
young gentlemen or cadets learn in the mili- 
tary academies and riding-schools; such -as 
fencing, dancing, riding, the manual exercise, 
tvc. The late establishment at High Wy- 
comb is calculated to render Young officers 
perfectly competent to all the ’duties of mili- 
tary service, provided they have been pre- 
viously instructed in the first rudiments. 
Officers are- there taught and exercised in the 
higher branches of tactics and manoeuvres. 
\\ e hope, for the sake of the army in general, 
that this institution will be extended in pro- 
portion to the service which a more enlarged 
scale would unquestionably render. 
EX G RAVI Ql ER El. A, in law, is a writ 
that lies for the person to whom any lands or 
tenements in lee are devised by wifi, and the 
heir of the -devisor enters thereon, and de- 
tains them from the devisee. Also where a 
person devises such lands to another in tail 
with the remainder over in fee: here if the 
tenant in tail enters, and is seised by force of 
the intail, and afterwards Ire dies without 
issue, the person in remainder, or reversion, 
may bring this writ to execute the devise. 
EXHALATION, u general term for all 
effluvia or steams, whether moist or drv, 
raised from the surface of the earth, in form 
of vapour. In the strict sense of the word, it 
1 
applies to dry particles in opposition to Eva - 
poration, which see. 
Some indeed distinguish exhalations from 
vapours; expressing by the former all steams 
emitted from solid bodies, as earth, lire, sul- 
phur, salts, minerals, &c. and by the latter, 
the steams raised from water and other fluids. 
Exhalations, therefore, according to them, 
are dry, subtile corpuscles, or effluvia, which 
are loosened and freed from hard earthy bo- 
dies, either by the heat of the sun, the agita- 
tion of the air, or the like causes ; and being 
blended in the atmosphere with the moist 
vapours, help to constitute or form clouds 
and meteors. See Meteorology. 
EXHAUSTIONS, or the method of Ex- 
haustions, a method ot demonstration lound- 
,ed upon a kind of exhausting a quantity, by 
continually’ taking away certain parts of’it. 
'1 he method of exhaustions was of frequent 
use among the antient mathematicians, as 
Euclid, Archimedes, &c. It is founded on 
what Euclid sias in the lOlii book of his Ele- 
ments, viz. that those quantities are equal 
whose difference is less than any assignable 
quantity. Or thus: two quantities, A. and B, 
are equal, when, if to or from one of them, as 
A, any other quantity, as d, be subtracted, 
however small it be, then the sum or differ- 
ence is respectively greater or less than the 
other quantity B, viz. d being an indefinitely 
small quantity, 
if A -j- d be greater than B, 
and A — d less than B, 
then is A equal to 1 >. 
This principle is used in the 1st prop, of 
the 10th book, which imports, that if from 
the greater of two quantities be taken more 
than its half, and from the remainder more 
than its half, and so on, there will at length 
remain a quantity less than either of those 
proposed. On this foundation it is demon- 
strated, that if a regular polygon of an infinite 
number of sides be inscribed" in a circle, or cir- 
cumscribed about it; then the space, which is 
the difference between the circle and the poly- 
gon, will by degrees be quite exhausted, and 
the circle become ultimately equal to the 
polygon. And in tins way it is that Archi- 
medes demonstrates that a circle is equal to 
a right-angled triangle, whose two sides about 
the right angle are equal, the one to the se- 
midiameter, and the other to the perimeter 
of the circle. 
Upon the method' of exhaustions depends 
the method of indivisibles introduced by Ca- 
valerius, which is but a shorter way of ex- 
pressing the- method of exhaustions; as glso 
W allis’s Arithmetic of Infinites, which is a 
farther improvement of the method of indi- 
visibles; and hence also the methods of incre- 
ments, differentials, fluxions, and infinite 
series. 
EX II EREDATION, in the civil law, the 
exclusion of a son by the father from inhe- 
riting iris estate, termed among us disinhe- 
riting. 
EXHIBIT, in law, is where a deed, or 
other writing, being produced in a chancery 
suit, to be proved by witnesses, the examiner 
or commissioner appointed after the exami- 
nation of any such, certifies on the back of 
the deed, or writing, that the same was shewn 
to the witness, at the time of his examina- 
tion, and by him sworn to. 
EXHUMATION, the digging up of a 
b&dy interred in holy ground, by 'the autho- 
E X O 
rity of a judge. By the French law the ex- 
J hi m at ion ot a dead body is ordered, upon 
pioot that he was killed in a duel; and a 
parson may demand the exhumation of any 
ot his parishioners, when interred out of the 
parish without his consent. 
EXIGENT, in law, a writ which lies 
where the defendant in a personal action can- 
not be found, nor any effects of his within 
county, by which he may be attached or 
distrained. 'This writ is directed to the she- 
riff, to proclaim and call the' defendant five 
county-court days, one day after another, 
charging him to appear under the pain of 
outlawry, \Y here a person indicted of lelc- 
ny> &c. absents himself so long, that the writ 
ot exigent is awarded against him, such a 
withdrawing will be deemed a flight in law, 
whereby he is liable to forfeit his goods ; and 
though he afterwards renders himself on the 
exigent, and is found not guilty, it is said 
the forfeiture shall stand; but if the party 
was in prison, or beyond the seas, he, or his 
executors, may reverse the award of tiie ex- 
igent, by writ of error. Upon all exigents a 
proclamation shall be issued out to make 
proclamations in the county where the de- 
fendant dwells, for him to yield himself, thee. 
EXIGENTERS, four officers in the court 
of common-pleas, w ho make all exigents and 
proclamations, in all actions where process 
ot outlawry lies. Writs of supersedeas, as 
well as the prothonotaries upon exigents, 
were likewise drawn up in their office. 
EXILIUM, in law, signifies a spoiling, 
lint seems to be restrained to the injury done 
to tenants by altering their tenure, eiectimr 
them, &c. ■ 
EXI J , in law properly signifies issue or off-* 
spring; but is also applied to issues, annual 
rents, and profits of lands. 
EX MERO MOTU, a formula used in 
(he king’s charters and letters patent, signify- 
ing that he grants them of his own will and 
motion. It is intended to bar all exceptions 
that might be taken to the charter or patent, 
by alleging the king, in granting them, was 
abused by false suggestions. 
EXOACANTHA, a genus of the class 
and order pentandria digynia. The involu- 
crum is spiny. The flowers all hermaphro- 
dite, with equal inflexions; seeds ovate, 
striated. M here is one species, of no note. 
EXOCOETUS, or th cfying-fsh, in ich- 
thyology, a genus belonging to the order of 
abdonnnaies. See Plate Nat. Hist. fig. 190. 
I he head is scaly, and it lias no teeth; it has 
10 radii in the branchiostege membrane; the 
body is whitish, anil the belly is angular; the 
pectoral fins, the instruments of ltigiit, are 
very large. When pursued by any other fish, 
it raises itself from the water by means of 
these long fins, and flies in the air 'to a consi- 
derable distance, till the fins dry, and then it 
tails down into the water. It' is a fish that 
seems to lead a most miserable life. In its 
<nvn element it is perpetually harassed bv the 
dorados and other fish of prey. If it endea- 
vours to avoid them by having recourse to 
the aii , it either meets its fate from the gulls or 
the albatross, or is forced dow n again into the 
mouths of the inhabitants of the water, who 
below keep pace with its aerial excursions. 
'I his fish is caught in the Mediterranean and 
some other seas. It is most common be- 
tween tiie tropics, and there its enemies are 
more particularly numerous. In these cli- 
