F A L 
FAR 
fJns 
up a hawk to the sport, is not easy to be 
bi ought to any precise set ot rules. It con- 
sots in a number of little practices and ob- 
servances, calculated to familiarize the fal- 
coner to his bird, to procure the love of it, &c. 
V> hen your hawk comes readily to the lure, 
a large pair of luring bells are to be put upon 
her; and the more giddy-headed and apt to 
rake out your hawk is, the larger must the bells 
be. Having done this, and 'she being sharp- 
set, ride out in a fair morning, into some large 
tield unencumbered with trees or wood, with 
' our hawk o.u your hand ; then having loosen- 
ed her hood, whistle softly to provoke her to 
tly; unhood her, and let her tlv with her head 
into the wind; for by that means she will be 
the better able to get upon the wing, and will 
naturally climb upwards, flying a circle. After 
rim lias flown three or four turns, then lure 
her with your voice, casting the lure about 
your head, having first tied a pullet to it; arid 
it your falcon come in and approach near 
you, cast out the lure into the wind, and if 
she stoop to it reward her. 
You will often find, that when she flies 
ft om the fist, she will take stand on the 
ground : this is a fault which is very common 
with soar-falcons. To remedy this, fright 
her up with your wand ; and when you have 
forced her to take a turn or two, take her 
down to the lure and feed her. But if this 
does not do, then you must have in readiness 
a duck sealed, so that she may see no way 
but backwards, and that will make her mount 
the higher. Hold this duck in your hand, 
by one of the wings near the body; then lure 
with the voice, to make the falcon turn her 
head; and when she is at a reasonable pitch, 
cast your duck up just under her; when, if 
she strikes, stoops, or trusses the duck, permit 
her to kill it, and reward her by giving her 
a reasonable gorge. After you have prac- 
tised this two or three times, your hawk will 
leave the stand, and, delighted to be on the 
Wing, will be very obedient. 
ft is not convenient, for the first or second 
time, to shew your hawk a large fowl; for it 
frequently happens, that they escape from 
the hawk, and she, not recovering them, 
rakes after them: this gives the falconer trou- 
ble, and frequently occasions the loss of the 
huwk. But if she happens to pursue a fowl, 
and being unable to recover it, gives it over, 
and comes in again directly, then cast out a 
sealed duck : and if she stoops and trusses it 
across the wings, permit her to take her plea- 
sure, rewarding her also with the heart, brains, 
tongue, and liver. But if you have not a 
quick duck, take her down with a dry lure, 
and let her plume a pullet and feed upon it 
By this means a hawk will learn to give over 
a fowl that rakes out, and, on hearing the 
falconer’s lure, will make back again,° and 
know the better how to hold in the head. 
Some hawks have a disdainful coyness, 
proceeding from their being high-fed ; such 
a hawk must not be rewarded though she 
should kill: but you may give her leave to 
plume a little ; and then taking a sheep’s 
heart cold, or the leg of a pullet, when the 
hawk is busy in pluming, let either of them 
be conveyed into the body of the fowl, that 
it may savour of it ; and when the hawk lias 
*Ten the heart, brains, and tongue of the 
foa l, take out what is inclosed, call her to 
your list, and feed her with it; afterward- 
F A M 
give her some of the feathers of the fowl’s 
rice k, to scour her, and make her cast. 
It your hawk is a stately high-flying one, 
she. ought not to take more than one flight in 
a morning ; and if she is made for the river let 
her not fly more than twice: when she is at 
the nighest, take her down with your lure; 
and when she has plumed and broken the 
fowl a little, feed her, by which means you 
will keep her a high-flier, ancl fond ol'the lure. 
FALDF EY, or Faldfee, a renter fee 
paid by some customary tenants, for liberty 
to fold their sheep on their own lands. 
I 1 ALL, is the name of a measure of length 
used in Scotland, and containing six ells of 
that country. 
Fall, in the sea language, that part of 
the rope or a tackle, which is hauled qpou. 
Also when a ship is under sail, and keeps not 
so near the wind as she should do, they say 
she falls off; or when a ship is not flush’, but 
has risings of some parts of her decks more 
than others, it is called falls. 
FALLOPIAN TUBES. See Anatomy. 
h ALLOW ING of land. See Husbandry. 
FALSE, in music, an epithet applied to 
theorists to certain chords, called false, be- 
cause they do not contain all the intervals 
appertaining to those chords in their perfect 
state: as a fifth, consisting of only six semi- 
tonic degrees, is denominated a false fifth, 
dhose intonations of the voice which do not 
truly express the intended interval are also 
called false, as well as all ill-adjusted combi- 
nations ; and those strings, pipes, and other 
sonorous bodies, which, from the ill-dispo- 
sition ot their parts, cannot be accurately 
tuned. Certain closes are likewise termed 
talse, in contradistinction to the full or final 
close. See Close. 
FALSE 110. (Ital.) That species of voice 
in a man, the compass of which lies above his 
natural voice, and is produced by artificial 
constraint. 
FALSIFY ING, in law, theprovinga thing 
to be false. 
The falsifying a record, is where a person 
pui chases land ot another, who is afterwards 
outlawed for felony ; in this case, he may 
falsify the record as to the time when the fe- 
lony is supposed to have been committed, and 
also as to the point of the offence. But in 
the case where a person is found guilty by 
verdict, such purchaser shall only falsify the 
time. To falsify a recovery may be done by 
the issue in tail, where it is suffered by a te- 
nant for life. 
FALSO returno brevium, a writ that 
lies against a sheriff for talse returning of writs 
he had got to execute. 
FALSO bordone, in music, a term ap- 
plied in the early days of descant to such 
counterpoint as had either a drone bass, or 
some part constantly moving in the same in- 
terval with it. * 
FALX, in anatomy, a process of the 
dura mater placed between the two hemi- 
spheres of tiie brain, and resembling a reap- 
er’s sickle. 
FAMILIARS of the inquisition, are peo- 
ple that assist in the apprehending of such 
persons as are accused, and carrying them to 
pi ison ; upon winch occasion, the unhappy 
person is surrounded by such a number of 
these officious gentlemen, that there is no 
possibility ot escaping out of their hands. As 
a reward of this base employ, the familiars 
are allowed to commit the most atrocious 
actions, to debauch, assassinate, and kill, with 
impunity. 
FAN, an instrument used in husbandry. 
See Husbandry. 
FANDANGO, a dance much practised 
in Spain, and of which the natives of that 
country are particularly fond. Its air is lively, 
and much resembles the English hornpipe." 
FAN I ASIA. (Ital.) I lie name generally 
given to a species ot composition, supposed 
to l>e struck off in the. heat of imagination, 
and in which the composer is allowed to give 
free range to his ideas, and to disregard those 
restrictions by which other productions are 
confined. Some writers limit the application 
of this term to certain extemporaneous flights 
of fancy ; and say, that the moment they are 
written, or repeated, they cease to be fan- 
tasias. Tins, they add, forms the only dis- 
tinction between the fantasia and the capricio. 
The capricio, though wild, is the result of 
premeditation, committed to paper, and be- 
comes permanent but the fantasia is an 
impromptu, transitive, and evanescent; ex- 
ists but while it is executing, and when finish- 
ed, is no more. Fantasias being, however, 
daily written and published, it is evident in 
which ot the above senses the word is now to 
be understood. 
FARINA fcecundans, among botanists 1 
the impregnating meal or dust on the apices ; 
01 anther* of flowers ; which being received 
into the pistil, or seed-vessel of plants, fecun- 
dates the rudiments of the seeds in the ovary, 
which otherwise would decay and come to 
nothing. 
The manner of gathering the farina of i 
plants for microscopical observation is this : 
Gather the flowers in the midst of a dry sun- 
shiny day when the’dew is perfectly off; then 
gently shake off the farina, or lightly brush 
it off with a soft hair-pencil, upon a piece of ; 
white paper ; then take a single talc of ism- I 
glass between the nippers, and, breathing on 
it, apply it instantly to the farina, and the 
moisture of the breath will make that light 
powder stick to it. If too great a quantity is- 1 
found adhering to the talc, blow a little of it 
off; and it there is too little, breafhe upon it 
again, and take up more. When this is done 
put the talc into the hole of a slider, and ap- 
plying it to the microscope, see whether the 
little grains are laid as you desire; and if they 
are, cover them up with another talc, and fix 
the ring, but care must be taken that the 
talcs dri not press upon the farinae in such a 
manner as to alter the form. 
FARLEY, or Farlieu, money paid by • 
tenants in the west of England, in lieu of a 
heriot. See Heriot. 
I A KM, oi F erm, signifies the chief mes- 
s uage in a village, or any large messuage on 
which land belongs, meadow, pasture, wood 
common, &c. and which has been used to let 
tor term of life or years, under a certain 
yearly rent payable by the tenant for the 
same. See Husbandry. 
FARMER, among miners, signifies the 
lord of llie held, or the person who farms the 
lot and cope of the king. 
FA Kill FRY , the art and profession of the 
tamer, which have comprehended, from the 
earliest even to the present period, the medical 
and surgical care ot the horse, as well as that 
oi manufacturing and fitting him with shoes. 
