pel? Subject of instant enquiry, and attempts 
at gradual improvement. Common' farriers 
and grooms, from inveterate habit and total 
absence of reflection, look upon the animal, 
placed .by stratagem and force within their 
power;- as a mere piece of machinery, the 
feelings of which never disturb the straight- 
forward aim of the operator, for indeed tney 
never come within- his contemplation : on the 
contrary, he generally views his victim, bound 
down to the most infernal and exquisite' tor- 
tures, with a kind of triumph, or even strong- 
ly-marked features of revenge, if the wretched 
beast has given him much trouble. The 
heavy and bungling methods of common 
operators increase tenfold the necessary suf- 
ferings of the horse. Thus an author, whom 
we have repeatedly quoted, relates that he saw 
a mare’s lip twitched with such violent force,' 
that it burst asunder ; and the agony of the 
twitch being so exalted, its intent was frus- 
trated, and the mare threw herself upon die 
ground. The burning off with a lighted can 
die- the hair of the horse’s lips, beneath the 
jaw, and within his ears, is generally a most 
terrifying process,- and renders many horses 
dangerously shy about the head ; besides, the 
robbing that delicate organ the ear of the 
natural- protection of its inner part, is most 
improper, ‘unnecessary) and cruel. Such 
practice should never be permitted for- a mo- 
ment; the scissars will do every thing in the 
case which ifeatness and symmetry require. 
The cruel operation of nicking -the tails of 
horses it is almost useless to- declaim against, 
from its present general adoption ; but we 
really can discover no reason why an erected 
tail should be deemed essential to beauty of 
figure on the road or-iield, more than on the 
turf, for which purpose horses are never 
nicked. Yet it seems necessary* to dock or 
abridge the tail of the horse destined for the 
saddle at feast ; but as it is always a severe, and 
often a dangerous, operation to a full-grown 
horse, we recommend Mr. Lawrence’s prac- 
tice of taking off a hand’s-breadth of the colt’s 
tail while it sucks, at a month or two old. 
He says he has repeatedly performed this 
trifling operation with a sharp knife; the pa- 
tients being so little disturbed by it as to 
continue feeding on the same spot: nor was 
it always necessary to Tind up the wound. 
Although no friend to cropping, he has been 
tempted to crop a large, heavy, lopping, ear 
in a ' yearling ; judging it best to crop early if 
at all. As Mr. Lawrence's treatise contains 
hints of peculiar utility, we will quote certain 
of them in this place: He strongly recom- 
mends that all cart-colts may be taught to 
back when they are first taken in hand ; as a 
preventive of much future misery and bar- 
barity. That the keepers • of post-horses 
would, as far as lies in tlieir power, be care- 
ful to select postilions of light weight; and 
that they would attach a convenient seat to 
the splinter-bar of their post-chaises, for the 
use of the postilion, whenever he can obtain 
leave of humane passengers to ease his horse, 
by seating himself on the- bar. ■ Mr. Law- 
rence also recommends a covering for the 
knees, to preserve them in case of an acci- 
dental fall, or in the case of a recent wound 
by a fall : this is of particular use to race-horses 
and hunters, or sale-horses on travel. He 
farther counsels, that saddle colts, in their 
breaking, be taught- and accustomed to a 
steady canter, a thing generally unthought of. 
Vol. 1. 
FARRIERY. 
In fine, to obtain a thorough knowledge 
of (he habitudes, dispositions, likings, defects, 
and diseases of animals, with their proper 
management, requires long experience and 
much reflection. The want of such know- 
ledge is productive of animal misery in a 
thousand shapes. We have spoken fully of 
the deficiency in farriers, and the necessity 
for tlieir gradual improvement. It is a well- 
known tact, of two famous contemporary far- 
riers, that the one doctored the sound leg of 
a horse during many months, leaving the un- 
sound one untouched ; whilst the other, who 
warmly recommended a patten-shoe, on be- 
ing-questioned, could not describe its use; 
and it is by no means uncommon .for a farrier 
to turn off a lame horse with the patten-shoe 
applied to the wrong foot. As to stable 
care, the horse cannot be kept in full work- 
ing condition without a considerable allow- 
ance of solid corn ; and constant dressing of 
Ills body by an experienced groom, who 
should be reminded, if necessary, not to irri- 
tate and wound the line skin of a well-dressed 
horse with too sharp a currycomb. As has 
already been remarked, occasional purges 
will be necessary to the well-fed horse ; and 
the aloe seems to answer every purpose. Nor 
is any other ingredient necessary in the dose 
if tiie best, or succotrine, aloes are used, from 
one ounce to fourteen drams of which may 
be safely given to the horse, either balled up 
with soap, or Hour and treacle. The usual 
greasing and stopping the feet is generally 
pernicious, and- contributes to harden and 
contract the hoof ; the real stable preventive 
of which is frequent soaking in water. But 
the grand and effectual remedy is an annual 
run at grass, without which no horse can be 
preserved in his most perfect state. 
We have referred those who are desirous 
of a • thorough ‘ investigation to Mr. Stubbs’s 
anatomy of the horse; and shall conclude with 
a few anatomical selections from Mr. Burke’s 
elegant and useful compendium recently pub- 
lished. 
The shoulders (of the horse) enclose the 
whole breast on both sides, beginning from 
the withers, and reaching downwards to the 
fore-legs or arms. 
The arms commence at the shoulders ; and 
the hind-part pointing posteriorly is called 
the elbow. Each foife-leg or arm reaches to 
the knee. 
The shank is that part which Teaches from 
the knee to the pastern ; where these parts 
meet is called the great pastern, or fetlock 
joint. The pastern has another joint, dis- 
tinguished by the title of the lesser pastern- 
joint, and then extends to the foot ; its junc- 
tion here is termed the coffin-joint. 
The foot consists of the external and inter- 
nal parts ; the former comprises all the out- 
side horny and insensible portions, covering 
and inclosing as in a case the internal sensible 
foot ; and it is distinguished into the crust, 
sole, bars, and frog. The internal sensible 
foot is composed of several parts ; it is con- 
tained within, and defended by, the former. 
Belonging to the hind-parts of a horse are 
his haunches; they commence at the termina- 
tion of the loins, and descend at each "side to 
the hock. 
The stifle is that part of the thigh which 
projects towards the horse’s belly, when he is 
in the act of bending his leg; it is the knee- 
pan of a horse. 
The whirl-bone is the upper extremity of 
the thigh bone, articulated yuh the bones of 
the pelvis. 
The thigh begins at the stifle, and reaches 
to the bending oi die ham or hock. 
The ham is the bending of the hind-leg; 
the round knob, or point, behind is, termed 
the heel of the hock, and is the part into 
which the tendon of Acliiiles (vulgo back- 
sinew) is inserted. 
The small of the fore-leg being called the 
shank, the small of the hind-leg is termed the 
instep. 
The pasterns and feet behind have also the 
same names as before. 
The right side of a horse Is always called 
his olf-side, and the led his near-side; the 
latter being that we approach when we go to 
mount, or handle a horse. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE. 
Figure 1. 
Shelving the Skeleton of the Horse. 
A. Tlie head, including ail its parts as articu- 
lated with the neck. 
BB. The blade-bone or scapula. 
C. The humeftis, or shoulder-bone. 
DD. The bones of the leg, or fore-arm, con- 
sisting in each of the radius and ulna. 
EE. The joints of the knees, with the small 
ranges of bones. 
FF. The posterior parts of the knee-joints. 
GG. The shank-bones, consisting in each of 
the cannon bone, and the two metacarpal, 
or splent-bones. 
PIPE The great pastern bones, with the two 
sesamoid bones of each fetlock. 
II. The lesser pastern bones. 
KK. The bones of the feet, consisting in each 
of the coffin and navicular bones, with the 
lateral cartilages. 
LL. The bones of the pelvis, called ossa 
innominata. 
M M. The thigh-bones. 
NN. The bones of the hind-legs, consisting 
in each of the tibia and the fibula. 
00. The points of the hocks. 
PP. The small bones of the hocks. 
QQ. The bones of the instep; consisting in 
each of the cannon bone and two metatarsal 
bones. 
HR. The great pastern and sesamoid bones 
of the hind-legs. 
SS. The little pastern bones of the hind-legs. 
TT. The coffin and navicular bones of each 
hind-foot, with the lateral cartilages. 
V. The sternum, or breast-bone. 
X. The point of the sternum. 
YY. The ribs. 
Z. The cartilaginous ends of the ribs on the 
breast and abdomen. 
1. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. The seven verte- 
brae of the neck. 
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 
15. 16. 17. 18. The eighteen vertebrae of 
the thorax and back. 
1.2.3. 4. 5. 6. The six vertebra of the loins. 
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The five spines of the, os sacrum. 
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. y. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 
15. 16. 17. 18. The eighteen joints of the 
coxendix and tail. 
Figure 2. — Representing the intestines of 
a horse as they appear in their natural si- 
tuation when the abdomen is laid open. 
4 U 
