F E L 
F E L 
70S FEE 
least so far as to enable him to sell it, to for- 
feit it by treason, or to charge it with incum- 
brances. But the statute <le donis having 
enacted, that sucli estates so given, to a man 
and the heirs of his body, should at all events 
go to the issue, if there were any, or if none, 
should revert to the donor; this was by the 
judges denominated an estate in tail. Flowd. 
25 1, See Estate. 
Fee also signifies a certain allowance to 
physicians, barristers, attorneys, and other 
officers; as a reward for their pains and la- 
bour. If a person refuse to pay an officer 
his due fees, the court will grant an attach- 
ment against him, to be committed till the 
fees are paid ; and an attorney may bring an 
action on the ca'se for his fees, against the 
client that retained him in his cause. 
Fee also denotes a settled perquisite of 
public officers,' payable by those who em- 
ploy them. The fees due to the officers of 
the custom-house, are expressly mentioned 
in a schedule, or table, which is hung up in 
public view in the said office, and in all other 
places where the said fees are to be paid or 
received. And if any officer shall offend, by 
acting contrary to the regulations therein con- 
tained, he shall forfeit his office and place, 
and be for ever after incapable of any office 
in the custom-house. The other public, 
offices have likewise their settled fees, for 
the several branches of business transacted in 
them. 
Fee Farm, is when the lord, upon the 
creation of the tenantev, reserves to himself 
aiid his heirs, either the rent for which it was 
before let to farm, or at least a fourth part of 
that farm rent. 
Fee Farmrent, so called, because a 
farm rent is reserved upon a grant in fee. 
FEELERS, in natural history a name used 
by some for the horns of insects. See En- 
tomology. 
FEELING, one of the five external senses, 
by which we obtain the ideas of solid, hard, 
soft, rough, hot, cold, wet, dry, and other 
tangible qualities. 
This sense is the coarsest, but at the same 
time the surest of all others ; it is besides the 
most universal. We see and hear with small 
portions of our body, but we feel with all. 
Nature has bestowed that general sensation 
wherever there are nerves, and they are 
every where, where there is life. Was it 
otherwise, the parts divested of it might be 
destroyed without our knowledge. It seems 
on this account nature has provided, that this 
sensation should not require a particular or- 
ganization. The structure of the nervous 
papillae is not absolutely necessaryrio it. The 
lips of a fresh wound, the periosteum, and 
the tendons, when uncovered, are extremely 
sensible without them. These nervous ex- 
tremities serve only to the perfection of feel- 
ing, and to diversify sensation. Feeling is the 
basis of all other sensations. 
The object of feeling is every body that 
has consistency or solidity enough to move 
t lie surface of our skin, it was necessary to 
perfect feeling, that the nerves should form 
small eminences, because they are more 
easily moved by the impression of bodies, 
than an uniform surface. It is by m eans of 
this structure, that wfe are enabled to distin- 
gui?h not only the size and figure of bodies, 
ikfdr hardness and softness, but also their 
heat and cold. Feeling is so useful a sensa- 
tion, that to the blind it supplies the office of 
eyes, and in some sense indemnifies them for 
their loss. See Physiology. 
FEIGNED ISSUE, is that whereby an 
action is feigned to be brought by consent of 
the parties, to determine some disputed right, 
without the formality of pleading ; and there- 
by to save much time and expence in the de- 
cision of a cause. 3 Black. 452. 
FELAPTON, in logic, one of the six 
moods of the third figure of syllogisms, where- 
in the first proposition is an universal nega- 
tive, the second an universal affirmative, and 
the third a particular negative. 
FELIS, cat, in zoology, a genus of the 
mammalia class, belonging to the order of 
ferax The generic character is: front-teeth 
six, the intermediate ones equal ; grinders 
three on each side ; tongue aculeated back- 
wards ; claws retractile. 
1. Fefis leo, lion. The lion is principally 
an inhabitant of Africa, but is also found, 
though far less plentifully, in the hotter re- 
gions of Asia. It is, however, in. the interior 
of Africa that he exerts his greatest ravages, 
and reigns superior among the weaker qua- 
drupeds. A lion of the largest size has been 
found to measure about eight feet from the 
nose to the tail, and the tail itself about four 
feet; the general colour is a pale tawny, still 
j paler or more inclining to white beneath-; 
the head is very large, the ears rounded, the 
face covered with short or close hair, the up- 
per part of the head, the neck, and should- 
ers, coated with long shaggy hair, forming a 
pendent mane ; on the body the hair is short 
and smooth ; the tail is terminated by a tuft 
of blackish hair. The lioness, which is small- 
er than the lion, is destitute of the mane, and 
is of a whiter cast beneath. The lion, like 
the tiger, frequently conceals himself in order 
to spring on his. prey, bounding to the dis- 
tance of a great many feet, and seizing it with 
his claws. His strength is prodigious: it has 
even been affirmed, that a single .stroke of 
his paw is sufficient to break the back or a 
horse; and that he carries off with ease a 
middle-sized ox or buffalo. He does not 
often prey in open sunshine, but commences 
his depredations at the close of day. The 
roaring of the lion, when in quest of prey, 
resembles the sound of distant thunder ; and, 
being re-echoed by the rocks and mountains, 
appals the whole race of animals, and puts 
them to sudden flight ; but he frequently 
varies his voice into a hideous scream or veil : 
he is supposed to be destitute of a fine scent, 
and to hunt by the eye. alone. The lion is 
commonly said to devour as much as will 
serve him for two or three days, and when 
satiated with food, to remain in a state of re- 
tirement in his den, which be seldom leaves, 
except for the purpose of prowling about for 
his prey. His teeth are so strong, that he 
breaks the bones with perfect ease, and often 
swallows them together with the flesh ; his 
tongue, as in other animals of this genus, is 
furnished with reversed prickles; but they 
are so large and strong in the lion, as to be 
capable of lacerating the skin. The lioness 
is said to bring forth in the spring, in the 
most seque’stered places, and to produce but 
one brood in the year. The young are four 
or five in number, which the parent nurses 
with great assiduity, and attends in their first I 
excursions for prey. When brought into j 
Europe, lions have been known to breed 
even in a state of confinement; instances of 
which are recorded by some of the older 
naturalists. In the Tower of London ; also, 
examples of a similar nature have occurred.. 
The young animals .are scarcely so large as 
small pug dogs, and are said to continue at 
the teat about the space of a year, and to* be 
five years in coming to maturity. If we mav 
judge from some. specimens of young lions hi 
the Leverian Museum, which are said to 
have been whelped iu the Tower, their size 
seems scarcely to exceed that of a half-grown 
kitten. Indeed, some, of the .antiunt writers 
have affirmed, that the young lions are. hard- 
ly larger than weasels. 
The count de Buffon, reasoning from the 
size and constitution of the lion, and the time 
required for his arriving at full growth, con- 
cludes that he “ ought to live about seven 
times three or four years, or nearly to the 
age of twentyrfive.” lie adds, that those 
which have been kept Lit Paris have lived six- 
teen or seventeen years. If, however; wo 
might depend on the commonly received ac- 
counts of those which have been kept in the 
Tower of London, we might mention the lion 
known by the. name of Pornpey, -which is said 
to have lived no less than 70 years in. his state 
of captivity; and another in the same recep- 
tacle, which is reported to have, lived 63 
years. It must be acknowledged,' however, 
that, from the general constitution of the 
lion, one would not suppose him to be a very 
long-lived animal. 
Lions have sometimes constituted a part of 
the established pomp of royalty in the, eastern 
world. The monarch of Persia, as we are 
informed by Mr. Bell, in his Travels, had, on 
days of audience, two large lions chained on 
each side the passages of the hall of state, 
being led thither, by proper officers, in chains 
of gold. 
The Romans, struck with the magnificent 
appearance of these animals, imported them 
in vast numbers from Africa, for their public 
spectacles. Quintus Scarvola, according to 
Pliny, was the first in Rome who exhibited a 
combat of lions ; but Sylla the dictator, dur- 
ing his pratorship, exhibited a hundred lions; 
and after him Pompey the Great exhibited 
no less than 600 in the grand circus, viz. 315 
males, and the rest females; and Caesar- the 
dictator 400. Pliny also tells us, that the 
first person in Rome w.ho caused them to be 
yoked so as to draw a carriage, was Mark 
Antony, who appeared in the streets in Rome 
in a chariot drawn by lions, accompanied by 
his mistress-Cythefis, an actress from the the- 
atre ; a sight, says Pliny, that surpassed ip 
enormity even all the calamities oi the times ! 
In modern times, the lion is said to be 
‘often hunted with dogs by the colonists about 
the Cape of Good Hope, and it is added 
that twelve or fifteen dogs are sufficient for 
the purpose. The lion, after being roused, 
runs for some time, then stops and shakes 
his mane, as if in defiance of the dogs, who, 
rushing all at once upon him, soon destroy 
him; two or three of the pack, however, ge- 
nerally falling victims to the first stroked of 
his paws. See Plate N at. Hist. fig. 200 & 20 ] ". 
2. Felis tigris, tiger, is a native of the 
warmer parts of Asia, and is principally found 
in India and the Indian islands. The species, 
extends, however, as far as China and Chi- 
nese Tartary, the lake Ural, and the Altaic 
