FEL 
FEL 
FEL 
cat is recorded in Mr. Pennant’s Account of 
London. Henry Wriothsly, earl of South- 
ampton, the friend and companion of the 
earl of Essex in his fatal insurrection, having 
been confined some time in the I ower, was 
surprised by a visit from his favourite cat, 
which, says tradition, reached its master by 
descending the chimney of his apartment. 
No animal, whose habits and manners we 
have the opportunity of accurately observing, 
exhibits a greater degree of maternal tender- 
ness than the cat. "The extreme assiduity 
with which she. attends her young, and the 
fondness which she shews for them, afford 
the most pleasing entertainment to a philo- 
sophic observer. "She even possesses a pro- 
pensity to nurse with tenderness the young 
of a different individual ; and it is a general 
observation, that a domestic cat will com- 
monly suckle and nurse any young kitten 
that is newly introduced to her. 
Nothing "can be more beautiful than the 
experiment of setting a young cat, for the 
first time, before a looking-glass. '1 lie ani- 
mal appears surprised and pleased with the 
resemblance, and makes several attempts at 
touching its new acquaintance ; and at length, 
finding its efforts fruitless, it looks behind the 
glass, and appears highly surprised at the ab- 
sence of the figure: it again views itself, tries 
to touch with its foot, suddenly looking at in- 
tervals behind the glass. It then becomes 
more accurate in its observations, and be- 
gins, as it were, to make experiments, by 
stretching out its hand in different directions ; 
and when it finds that these motions are an- 
swered in every respect by the figure in the 
glass, it seems at length to be convinced of 
the real nature of the image. The same is 
the case with the dog at an early age. 
The cat generally lives in habits of friend- 
ship with the other domestic animals; the 
contrary instances arising entirely from ne- 
glect of early education. 
" The fur of the cat, being generally clean 
and dry, readily yields electric sparks when 
rubbed ; and if a clean and perfectly dry do- 
mestic cat is placed, in frosty weather, on a 
stool with glass feet, or insulated by any 
other means, and nibbed tor a certain space 
in contact with the wire ot a coated vial, it 
will be effectually charged by this method. 
See Plate Nat. Hist. fig. ‘202. 
15. Felis serval. The serval is a native of 
India and 'Tibet, and is an extremely fierce 
and rapacious animal. It resides principally 
among trees, leaping with great agility from 
one tree to another, and pursuing birds, &c. 
This species appears to have been first de- 
scribed by the French academicians in their 
work entitled Memoires pour servir a l’His- 
toire des Animaux. The specimen there 
described measured two feet and a halt from 
the nose to the tail, which was eight inches 
long. Its shape was thick and strong ; its ge- 
neral colour was fox-red or ferruginous, with 
the throat, abdomen, and insides of the legs, 
yellowish-white; it was spotted almost all 
over with black, the spots being ot a long 
form on the back, and round on the sides, 
belly, and legs, where they were proportion- 
ally "smaller and more numerous, 't he spe- 
cimen described and figured in the count de 
Buffon’s Natural History differed only in a 
very few particulars, so slight as to leave no 
doubt of the identity of the species. It was 
excessively fierce and untamable. There 
is also an American serval, which differs chief- 
ly from the above in being mild and gentle. 
16. Felis chans, is an inhabitant of the 
woody and marshy tracts that border on the 
western side of the Caspian Sea, and in the 
Persian provinces of Ghilan and Masenderan, 
and is frequent about the mouth of the Kur, 
the ancient Cyrus. In manners, voice, and 
food, it agrees with the' wild cat. Its general 
length is about two feet six inches from the 
nose to the tail ; but it has been known to 
measure three feet: the tail reaches only to 
the flexure of the legs. The colour of this 
species is a dusky yellowish-brown; the breast 
and belly much brighter or more inclining to 
orange-colour; the tail is tipped with black, 
and has three obscure black bars at some dis- 
tance from the tip ; and on the inside of the 
legs, near the bend of the knee, are two 
dusky bars ; the ears are tufted with black 
hairs. 
17. Felis rufa, bay lynx. This species is 
about twice the size of a large cat, and is a na- 
tive of North America. Its colour is a bright 
bay, obscurely marked with small dusky 
spots; the upper and under lip, throat, and 
whole under sides of the body and hmbs, are 
white. From beneath each eye three curved 
blackish stripes pass down the cheeks; the 
upper part of the inside of the fore legs is 
marked by two black bars ; the upper part 
of the tail is marked with four or live dusky 
bars, and that next the tip is black ; the ears 
are sharp-pointed, and tufted with long black 
hairs. 'This animal was first described by 
Guldenstedt. 'The hair is shorter and 
smoother than that of the common lynx. 
18. Felis caracal. The caracal or Persian 
lynx is a native both of Asia and Africa; and 
it is said that in some parts of Persia it is 
tamed and made use of in the chace. It is 
an animal of great strength and fierceness. Dr. 
Charleton mentions one which killed a hound 
and tore il in pieces in an instant, notwith- 
standing the vigorous defence made by the 
dog. It is used not only in the chace of the 
smaller quadrupeds, but of the larger kinds 
of birds, such as herons, cranes, pelicans, &c, 
which it is said to surprise with great address. 
When it has seized its prey, it lies motionless 
for some time upon it, holding it in its mouth. 
The caracal is about the size of a fox, but of 
a much stronger make; its colour is a pale 
reddish-brown, whitish beneath; the head is 
small, the face longish, the ears sharp and 
slender, of a blackish colour, and terminated 
by a tuft or pencil of long black hairs. 
19. Felis lynx, the common lynx,, with 
some slight varieties as to size and colour, 
appears to be found in. all the colder regions 
of Europe, Asia, and America, residing in 
thick woods, and preying on hares, deer, 
birds, and almost every kind of animal inha- 
bitant,. 'The general size of the lynx is that 
of a middling dog: the measure given by 
Mr. Pennant of the skin of a Russian lynx is 
four feet six inches from head to tail, the tail 
measuring six inches.. But the generality of 
lynxes seem to be somewhat smaller than 
this. In colour the lynx varies, but is gene- 
rally of a pale-grey, with a very slight reddish 
tinge ; the back and whole upper parts are 
obscurely spotted with small dusky or black- 
ish marks. The throat, breast, and belly^ 
are white ; the tail white, with a black tip, 
the ears tipped with pencils of long black 
hair.. The lynx is said to howl almost ia the 
manner of a wolf. In a state of captivity it 
seems extremely ferocious, and is not to be 
tamed. See Plate Nat. Hist. fig. 199. 
Fei.is vOlans, the flying-cat, an animal 
supposed to be the same with the Hying, 
squirrel. 
FELLOES, in fortification, are six pieces- 
of wood, each whereof form a piece of an 
arch of sixty degrees, and joined all together 
by dulleges, make an entire circle; which, 
with the addition of a nave and twelve spokes, 
make the wheel of a gun carriage. Their 
thickness usually is the diameter of the ball 
of the gun they serve for, and their breadth- 
•something more. 
FELLOWSHIP, or Company, in arith- 
metic, is when two or more join their s ocks, 
and trade together, dividing their gain or loss 
proportionable. 
Fellowship is either with or without time. 
Questions without time, or in the single rule 
of fellowship, as it is frequently called, are- 
wrought by the following proportion: 
As the whole stock, to the whole gain or 
loss, so is each man’s particular stock, to his- 
particular gain or loss. 
Example t. A, B, and C, make a joint- 
stock: A puts in 460/., B 510/., and C 480/. ; 
they gain 340/.; what part of it belongs to* 
each l 
In order to the solution of this question, 
find the total of their joint stock, viz. 
A’s stock 460/. -f- B’s stock 51 0/. -f- C”s 
stock 480/. — 1450/. the total stock. 
Then 1. To find A’s share of the gain, 
state as follows : If 1450/. : 340/. :: 460/., 
which being worked by the rule of three, the 
answer will be 107/. 17a-. 2\d. for A’s share 
of the profit. 
2. B’s share of the gain, by stating thus:; 
if 1450/. : 340/. :: 510/. and. working by the- 
rule of three, will be found to be 119/. 11a- 
8 \d.. 
3. C’s share will appear 1127. 11a. 0 \d.. 
when worked as before, after having stated! 
thus: If 1450/. : 340/. :: 480/. 
Example IL Suppose three partners, A,. 
B, and C, make a joint stock in this manner r 
A puts in 24/., B 32/., and C 40/., in all 96/.,. 
w ith which they trade, and gain 12/. ; required 
each man’s true share of that gain ? T he first 
operation for A’s part of the gain will stand, 
thus: 
96/. 
12/. 
: 24/. 
: 31. = A’s gain.. 
96/. 
12/. : 
: 32/. 
4/. = B’s gain. 
96/. 
12/. 
: 40/. 
: 5/. = C’s gain.. 
Proof 31. 
+ 4/. 
+ 5/. 
=.12/. the whole gain 
That is, if the total of all their particular 
gains amounts to- the whole gain, the work is 
true; if not, some mistake has been com- 
mitted. 
Fellowship ta7/i time, usually called the- 
double rule of fellowship, because every 
man’s money is to be considered with rela- 
tion to the time of its continuance in the 
joint stock. It is worked thus:, multiply 
eacli man’s stock by the respective time he- 
puts it in. for, and. add all the products; the* 
total of which must be your first- number 
through all the statings;. the gain or loss the- 
second, as before ; and each man’s particular- 
stock, multiplied by its time,. the third. 
Example I.. A put into company 560/, 
for eight months, B 279/. for ten months,, 
and C 735/. for six months ; they gained, 
1000/,. What share of it. must each, have ?? 
