72 G 
induced to submit to taxes which both from 
their nature and amount would have ap- 
peared incredible to their forefathers. 
1 he English system of finance rests on the 
pi ounce the various taxes which have been 
imposed at different periods, the aEfgregat 
amount of which, after deducting the ex- 
pellees of collection, together with a few small 
articles which cannot properly be called 
forms the whole of the public income. 
1 his income is annually appropriated to the 
several branches of the national expenditure, 
and when in consequence of anv extraordi- 
nary expences it is known that the income of 
the current year will be insufficient to meet 
all the demands upon it, it is usual to borrow 
tiie sum necessary to make up the defici- 
ency, either from individuals or public bodies, 
and to allow a fixed rate of interest on the 
money thus obtained, till the principal shall 
be repaid, or till the period originally agreed 
upon shall have expired. See Revenue, 
Loans, and National Debt. 
The chancellor of the exchquer is, in Great 
Britain, the officer to whom the arrangement 
of the financial concerns of the country is 
chiefly entrusted. He causes accounts to be 
annually laid before parliament of the pro- 
duce of the taxes, with estimates of the se- 
veral branches of public expenditure for the 
ensuing year ; and if the amount of the esti- 
mated expenditure exceeds the probable 
produce of the revenue, he adjusts the extent 
and conditions of the loan with such persons 
as are willing to advance the same, and pro- 
poses to parliament the new taxes which be- 
come necessary for paying the interest on the 
money thus borrowed. On the foundation 
-ot the accounts and estimates submitted to 
parliament, particular sums are voted for the 
several branches of the expenditure ; and 
when the ways and means of raising the whole 
-sum wanted have been determined, an act 
is passed appropriating the specific sums to 
the various , articles forming the supplies 
which have been granted. In order to pro- 
vide against any unforeseen expences, it is 
usual to grant also a certain sum appropriated 
to any particular purpose, to be applied to 
any branch of the expenditure in which there 
-may be occasion for it ; this is called a vote 
of credit, and has increased in amount with 
the progress of the supplies ; in the Ameri- 
can war it was 1,000,000/. per annum, of late 
it has generally been 2,500,000/. Soon 
after the commencement of each session, an 
account is laid before the house of commons 
shewing how the moneys given for the ser- 
vice of the preceding year have been dis- 
posed of, and what part thereof remains un- 
paid. If the ways and means have fallen 
short of the sum they were expected to pro- 
duce, the deficiency is made good as -an arti- 
cle among the next year’s supplies. 
All the financial accounts of Great Britain 
are made up annually, and do not vary ma- 
terially except in the amount of the several 
articles. A general view of the ordinary re- 
venues and extraordinary resources consti- 
tuting the public income for the year ending 
the 5th January, 1805, and of the different 
branches of the public expenditure for the 
same period, will furnish a distinct and com- 
prehensive view of the subject, for the detail 
of which see Customs, Excise, Stamp- 
duties, Land-tax, &c. 
FINANCE. 
PUBLIC INCOME. 
ORDINARY REVENUES. 
Customs - 
Excise (including Malt, &c. annual) - 
Stamps ______ 
Land and Assessed Taxes 
Post Office 
Shilling in the £.<m Pensions and Salaries ... 
Sixpence in the £. on ditto ... ' 
Hackney Coaches - _ _ 
Hawkers and Pedlars _ _ II'"*'" 
small branches of the Hereditary Revenue, viz. Alienation Fines, Post Fines 
Seizures, Compositions, Proffers, and Crown Lands - _ _ 
„ EXTRAORDINARY RESOURCES. 
Property Tax . . . 
Arrears of Income Duty 
Lottery, Net Profit ] 
Voluntary Contributions " * ^ 
Arrears of Taxes, collected under the Aid and Contribution Act" I , cori 
OnAc y coSntof n il'r”' ° f ’ ^ Inte? ‘“ t ? f Loans !aised for the service of Ireland 1 275m 
of Gmkl f “ Exchequer Bilk for the Eland ’ 
; : : : 
£.9,030,297 8 2' 
20,990,469 1 3 1 
3,564,894 10 6 
6,042,485 3 3 
1,107,358 9 1 
52,397 19 7 
61,278 6' 4 
26,656 11 
7,014 3 7 
- 131,9S0 12 7 
3,484,35) 
81,048 
413,645 
590 
1,890 
Total, independent of Loans 
Loans, in part of £. 14,500,000 
Total 
201,000 
4,500 
36,664 
21,031 
13,230 
£. 46,578,564 2 4^ 
13,209,351 13 9 
£• 59,787,91 5 16 li 
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE. 
Interest on the permanent Funded Debt 
Charges of Management ... 
Sums applicable to the reduction of the Debt 
Interest on Exchequer Bills _ 
The Civil List 
Other charges on the Consolidated Fund, viz 
Allowances to the Royal Family, Pensions, &c. 
Salaries and Allowances . 
Courts of Justice ’ * 
The Mint - 
Bounties _ 
2 he Civil Government of Scotland . 
Other- payments in anticipation of the Exchequer Receipt, viz 
Bounties for Fisheries, Manufactures, Corn, &c. P 
Pensions on the Hereditary Revenue 
Militia and Deserters’ Warrants, &c. 
Purchase of Legal Quays ... 
Fhe Navy _____ 
Victualling department .... 
Sick and Wounded ditto _ _ 
Transport ditto - 
The Ordnance .... 
i he Army. Regulars, Fencibles, Militia, &c. 
Barracks - - - - _ 
Staff Officers, and Officers of Garrisons 
Half-Pay . 
Widows’ Pensions . 
Chelsea Hospital . 
Exchequer -Fees _ 
Pay of Public Offices - - T I 
Extraordinary Services _ _ _ 
Remittances to Ireland, viz. 
Out of Loan, 1804 - 
Out of Lotteries, 1804 * j 
Miscellaneous Services, 
At Home . 
Abroad - 
£■ s, 
18,925,797 6 
267,786 19 
6,851,201 11 
* £• A 
^ 4 J 
7A V 26,044,7 
0 ) 
624,859 18 10 
928,000 0 0 
1,785 16 II 
284,866 13 
23,441 19 
57,319 2 
20,727 2 
23,456 13 
336,524 0 
27,700 0 
• 286,668 10 
76,689 12 
7,345,821 4 
3,279,501 8 
277.000 O 
857,028 12 
9,500,000 0 
1,786,048 0 
289,027 0 
228.000 O 
22,500 0 
207,963 0 
80,353 0 
70,000 0 
3,560,803 15 
3,693,500 0 
39,791 13 
1^,628,555 0 
253,519 14 
409,811 10 9 
7 9,705 4 1|- 
727,582 3 11 
11,759,351 5 0> 
3,550,141 1 11 
0 15,744,694 15 3 
0 
Deduct Lean for Ireland 
0 } 
4 £ 3,733,291 13 4 
j + ‘J 1,882,074 14 8$ 
65,4 84,298 5 2i 
3,733,291 13 4 
Total 
£.61,751,006 11 10j 
