76 2 
FOR 
F O R 
FOR 
Several statutes have from time to time 1 
been nude against these offences in general, 
which were repealed by 12 Geo. III.V 71. 
But though these offences are no longer 
combated by the statutes, they are still pu- 
nishable, upon indictment at 'the common 
Jaw, by fine and imprisonment. 
FOR ESTER, a sworn officer of the forest, 
appointed by the king’s letters patent, to 
walk the forest at all hours, watch over the 
vert and venison ; also to make attachments 
and true presentments of all trespasses com- 
mitted within the forest. 
FORFEITURE, is a punishment annexed 
by law, to some illegal act or negligence in 
the owner of lands, tenements, or heredita- 
ments, whereby he loses all his interest there- 
in, and they go to the party injured, as a re- 
compence for the wrong which either lie 
alone or the public together with him have 
sustained. 2 Black. 21)7. 
The offences which induce a forfeiture of 
lands and tenements, are principally the fol- 
lowing: treason, felony, misprision of treason, 
praemunire, drawing a weapon on a judge, 
st riking any one in the presence of the king’s 
court of justice, and popish recusancy, or 
non-observance of any certain laws enacted 
in restraint of papists. 
By the common law, all lands of inherit- 
ance of which the offender is seised in his 
wn right, and also all rights of entry to lands 
m the hands of a wrong-doer, are forfeited to 
the king on an attainder of high treason, al- 
though the lands are holden of another ; for 
there is an exception in the oath of fealty, 
which saves the tenant’s allegiance to the 
king ; so that if he forfeits his allegiance, 
even the lands he held of another lord are 
forfeited to the king, for the lord himself can- 
not give of lands but upon that condition. 
Co. Lit. 8. 
Also upon an attainder of petit treason or 
felonv, all lands of inheritance of which the 
offender is seised in his own right, as also all 
rights of entry to lands in the hands of a 
wrong-doer, are forfeited to the lord of whom 
they are immediately holden : for this bv the 
feudal law was deemed a bread] of the te- 
nant’s oath of fealty in the highest man- 
ner; his body with which he had engaged to 
serve the lord being forfeited to the king, 
and thereby his blood corrupted, so that no 
person could represent him ; and all personal 
estates, whether they are in action or pos- 
session, which the party has or is entitled to, 
in his own right, and not as executor or ad- 
ministrator to another, are liable to such for- 
feiture in the following cases : 
1st. Upon a conviction of treason or fe- 
lony. But the lord cannot enter into the 
lands, holden of him upon an escheat for 
petit treason or felony, without a special 
grant, till it appears by due process that the 
king has had his prerogative of the year, day, 
aud waste. Stamf. P.C. 191 . 
As to forfeiture of goods and chattels, it 
seems agreed that all things whatever, which 
are comprehended under the notion of a per- 
sonal estate, are liable to such forfeiture. 
2nd. Upon a flight found before the co- 
roner, on view of a dead body. 
3d. Upon an acquittal of a capital felony, 
if the party is found to have lied. 2 Haw. 
450. 
4th. If a person indicted of petit larceny 
and acquitted is found to have lied for it, lie 
8 
forfeits his goods as in cases of grand lar- 
ceny. 2 Haw. 451. But the party may in 
all cases, except that of the coroner’s in- 
quest, traverse the finding of the flight; and 
it seems agreed that the particulars of the 
goods found to be forfeited may also be tra- 
\ ersed. 
5th. Upon a presentment by the oaths of 
twelve men, that a person arrested for trea- 
son or felony fled from, or resided, those who 
had him in custody, and was killed by them 
in the pursuit or scuffle. Id. 
6th. If a felon waive, that is, leave any 
goods in his flight from those who either pur- 
sue him, or are apprehended by him so to 
do, he forfeits them, whether they are his 
own goods, or goods stolen by him ; and at 
common law, if the owner did not pursue 
and appeal the felon he lost the goods for' 
ever: but by 21 H. VIII. c. 11, for encou- 
raging the prosecution of felons, it is pro- 
vided, that if the party comes in as evidence 
on the indictment, and attaints the felon, lie 
shall have a writ of restitution. 4 Inst. 134. 
7th. If a man is 'felo de se, he forfeits his 
goods and chattels. 5 Co. 109. 
8th. A convict within clergy forfeits all his 
goods, though he may be burnt in the hand ; 
yet thereby he becomes capable of purchas- 
ing other goods. But, on burning in the 
hand, he ought to be immediately restored 
to the possession of his lands. 2 H. 388, 
389. 
The forfeiture upon an attainder of treason 
or felony shall have relation to the time of the 
offence for the avoiding all subsequent aliena- 
tion of the lands ; but to the time of convic- 
tion, or fugam fecit found, &c. only as to 
chattels, unless the party was killed in flying 
from, or resisting those who had arrested 
him : in which case it is said that the forfei- 
ture shall relate to the time of the offence. 
Plowd. 488. 
Forfeiture in civil cases. A forfeiture 
of copyhold by felling timber was relieved in 
equity; but tiie lord-keeper declared, that 
in case of a wilful forfeiture lie would not re- 
lieve. Chan. Cas. 9b. In case of a forfei- 
ture equity can relieve, where they can give 
satisfaction. 1 Salk. 156. 
Forfeiture qf marriage, a writ which 
antiently lay against him, who by holding 
knight’s service, and being under age, and 
unmarried, refused her whom the lord of- 
fered him without his disparagement, and 
married another. F. N. B. 1 4 1 . 
FORFICULA, earzvig, an insect of the 
coleoptera order. The generic character is, 
antennae setaceous ; wing-sheaths halved ; 
wings covered ; tail forcipated. This is not 
a numerous genus. The forflcula auricularia, 
or common earwig, is an insect so familiarly 
known, that a formal description might seem 
unnecessary : its structure, however, is highly 
curious, and its natural history well worthy of 
particular observation. The wings of this 
insect are remarkably elegant, and are con- 
voluted beneath their small sheaths in so cu- 
rious a manner that they cannot be viewed 
without admiration : they are very large in 
proportion to the animal, transparent, and 
slightly iridescent. The earwig flies only by 
night, and it is not without great difficulty 
that it can be made to expand its wings by 
day : it is even probable that they would re- 
ceive injury by any long exposure to the 
diurnal air ; the animal therefore keeps them 
completely covered ; and indeed so unusual 
a circumstance is it to see them expanded, 
that sir Thomas Brown, in his Pseudodoxia 
Epidemica, has thought it necessary to con- 
fute the commonly received opinion, that the 
earwig is an “ impennous in-ect.” 
The female earwig deposits her eggs, 
which are rather large for the size of the ani- 
mal, of a white colour, and of an oval shape, 
under stones, or in any damp situation, where 
they may be secure from too much heat or 
drought. From these eggs are hatched the 
young larva:, which are at first very small, 
but have very much the general aspect of the 
parent animal, except that they are of a 
white or whitish colour, and that the limbs 
of the forceps at the tip of the abdomen are 
not yet curved inwards. The parent insect, 
according to the observations of Degeer, 
guards and broods over her young nearly in 
the same manner as a hen does over her 
chickens; and they generally remain close 
to the sides, or under the abdomen of the 
parent, for several hours in the day. They 
change their skin at certain intervals during 
the earlier stages of their growth ; and after 
each change acquire a darker colour and a 
greater degree of resemblance to the full- 
grown insect; till at length the wing-sheaths 
and wings are formed, and the animals may 
be considered as perfect. 
The usual food of the earwig consists of 
decayed fruit, and other vegetable sub- 
stances ; and it does not seem to be naturally 
carnivorous, though, if kept without proper 
nourishment, it will, like many other ani- 
mals, occasionally attack and devour even its 
own species. 
The popular dread in which this insect is 
held, on a supposition of its sometimes enter- 
ing the cavity of the ear, and piercing the 
tympanum, is considered by some as pro- 
blematical, though we believe there are in- 
stances of earwigs, which naturally creep into 
holes and apertures of every kind, having 
accidentally taken shelter in the ears of per- 
sons asleep, and occasioning great pain. The 
best means of expelling them, we have heard, 
is to drop a small quantity of brandy or other 
spirit into the ear. 
FORGE, properly signifies a small fur- 
nace, in which smiths and other artificers of 
iron or steel, &c. heat their metals red-hot, 
in order to soften and render them more 
malleable and manageable on the anvil. 
The forge used by the several operators in 
iron is very simple : we shall instance that 
of the blacksmiths, to which all the rest arc 
reducible, the construction of which is as 
follows. The hearth or fireplace of the forge 
is to be built up from your floor with brick, 
about two feet and a half, or sometimes 
more, according to the purpose you design to 
forge for : if your forge is intended for heavy 
work, your hearth must lie lower than it need 
be for light work : the forge may be of what 
breadth is thought convenient. It may be 
built with hollow arches underneath, to set 
several tilings out of the way : the back ot it 
is built upright to the top ot the ceiling, and 
inclosed over the fireplace with a hovel, 
which ends in a. chimney to carry away the 
smoke. In the back of the forge, against the 
fireplace, is fixed a thick iron plate, with a 
taper pipe in it, about five inches long, which 
pipe comes through the back of the forge. 
