FUL 
FUC 
and so on continually one or more leaves i 
from near the ends of each other, in a proli- 
ferous and dichotomous order, to the top of 
the plant, which in the manner of its growth 
resembles in a good measure thee cactus opun- 
t;a, or flat-leaved Indian lig. Sometimes two 
or three leaves or more grow out of the mid- 
dle of the disc of another leaf; but this is not 
the common order of their growth. The 
fructifications are red, spherical, rough warts, 
less than the smallest pin’s head, cattered 
without order on the surface of the leaves. 
These warts, when highly magnified, appear 
to be the curled rudiments of young leaves, 
which in due time either drop off and form 
new plants, or continue on and germinate 
upon the parent. This plant is very much 
infested with the flustfa pilosa, the mandre- 
pora verrucaria, and other corallines, which 
make it appear as if covered with with scabs. 
9. The pinnatilidus, jagged frtcus, or pep- 
pcr-dilse, is frequent on sea-rocks which are 
covered by the titles both on the eastern and 
western coasts. It is of a yellow olive-colour, 
often tinged with red. Tiie substance is car- 
tilaginous, but yet tender and transparent; 
the height about two or three inches. 1 This 
incus has a hot taste in the month, and is 
therefore called peppei-dilse by the people 
in Scotland, who frequently eat it as a salad, 
in the same manner they do the fucus pal-’ 
mains. 
10. The plocamium, or pectinated fucus, 
is frequent on the sea-rocks, and in basins of 
water left by the recess of the tides. Its na- 
tural colour is a most beautiful bright red < r 
purple, but is often variegated with white or j 
yellow. Its substance is cartilaginous, but 
extremely thin, delicate,, and transparent; 
its height commonly about three or four 
inches. The stalk is compressed, about half 
a line in diameter, erect, but waved in its 
growth, and divided almost from the base 
into many widely-expanded branches. These 
primary branches are very long, alternate, 
exactly like the stalk, and subdivided into 
alternate secondary branches, which are 
again frequently compounded in like man- 
ner, and these divisions decorated with sti- 
mulated teeth growing in alternate rows, cu- 
riously pectinated or finely toothed on the 
upper side like a comb, the smallest of these 
teeth scarcely visible to the naked eye. The 
fructifications are minute spherical capsules, 
or smooth dark-red globules, scattered with- 
out order on the sides of the branches, ge- 
nerally sessile, but some few of them sup- 
ported on short peduncles. This fucus, on 
account of its elegant colours and fine divi- 
sions, is the species most admired by the la- 
dies who are fond of pictures and mimic land- 
scapes composed of marine vegetables. 
11. The filum, thread-fucus, or sea-laces, 
is found on the sea-rocks, and waving under 
the water like long strings, frequent on many 
parts of the coast The substance of this is 
opaque and cartilaginous, but not difficult to 
be broken. The colour, when recent, a dull 
olive-green ; when dry, fuscous or nearly 
black ; and, when exposed for some time on 
the shores to the sun and air, it becomes yel- 
low, straw-coloured, or white. It consists 
only of a simple, unbranched, naked, cylin- 
drical stalk, three or four yards long, more 
or less, from the size of a large fiddle-string 
to that of a thick whip-cord ; smallest at the 
base and summit, smooth on the outside, full 
F V G 
of mucus within, often twisted, and always 
intercepted by numerous transverse dia- 
phragms, visible when the plant is held be- 
tween the eye and the light. The fructifica- 
tions have not yet been discovered; but from 
the transverse septa in its structure, it is , rea- 
sonable to suppose this plant to belong ra- 
ther to the genus of conferva than that of fu- 
cus. The stalks, skinned when half dry, and 
twisted, acquire so considerable- a degree of 
strength and toughness, that we are informed 
the Highlanders sometimes use them for the 
same purposes as Indian-grass. 
12. The giganteus, or gigantic fucus, is a 
native of the .Straits Le Maire, and grows on 
rocky ground, which in those countries is 
distinguished from sand or ooze by the enor- 
mous length of the sea-weeds that grow upon 
it. The leaves are four feet long, and some 
of the stalks, though not thicker than a man’s 
thumb, are 120. Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. 
Soiander sounded over som-e of them which 
were 84 feet long ; and as they made a very 
acute angle with tne bottom, they were 
thought to be at least one halt longer. 
P DEL. All faggots made for sale, shal^ 
contain in compass, besides the knot of the 
bond, 24 inches of assize; and every faggot- 
stick within the bond shall contain lull three 
feet of assize, except only one stick to be but 
cue foot long, to stop or harden the binding. 
43 Eliz. c. 14. 
All billets (except those made of beech) 
that lie exposed in the public places, where 
they are usually bought or sold, shall be as- 
sized and cut as directed by 9 Anne, c. 15. 
FUGAM FECIT, is where it is found by 7 
inquisition that a person lied for treason or 
felony ; as to which it is agreed, that where- 
soever a person found guilty by such inquest, 
either as a principal or as an accessary before 
the tact, is found also to have lied for the 
same, he forfeits his goods absolutely, and 
the issues of his lands, till he is pardoned or 
acquitted. 
But wherever the indictment against a 
man is insufficient, the finding a fugam fecit 
will not hurt him ; and that in all cases the 
particulars of the goods found to be forfeited 
may be traversed. 2 Haw. 450. 
FUGITIVE’S GOODS, are the proper 
goods of him that flies, which after the flight 
lawfully found, belong to the king or lord of 
the manor. 5 Co. Rep. 109. See Felon’s 
Goods. 
FUGUE, in music, a term derived from tire 
Latin word fuga, a flight, and signify ing a com- 
position either vocal or instrumental, or both, 
in which one part leads off some determined 
succession of notes called the subject, which, 
after being answered in the fifth and eighth by 7 
the other parts, is interspersed through the 
movement, and distributed amid all the parts j 
in a desultory manner, at the pleasure of tiie j 
composer; sometimes accompanied by other! 
adventitious matter, and sometimes by it- 
self. There are distinct descriptions of fugues ; 
the simple fugue, the double fugue, and the 
counter fugue. The 
Simple Fugue contains but one subject, 
is the least elaborate in its construction, and 
the easiest in its composition. 
Double Fugue, consists of two subjects, 
occasionally intermingled and moving toge- 
ther: and the 
Counter Fugue, is that fugue in which the 
subjects move in a direction contrary to each 
other. In all the different species of fugues, 
the parts fly, or run aftereach other, and hence 
the derivation ol the general name fugue. 
FULCRUM, in mechanics, the prop or 
support by which a lever is sustained. * See 
Mechanics. 
BUIE ENA, a genus of the triandria ijio- 
nogynia class and order.. r l he ament is im- 
bricate ; calyx none; corolla with three pe- 
tal-shaped. orbicular glumes, ending in a ten- 
dril i here is one species, a grass of Suri- 
nam. 
FULGORA, or lantern-fly, an insect be- 
longing to the heiniptera order. The ge- 
neric character is: head produced into an in- 
flated hollow front ; antennae beneath the 
eyes, of two joints, the exterior larger and 
globose; snout inflected; feet formed lor 
walking. 
The fulgora lanternaria, or Peruvian lan- 
tern-fly, is undoubtedly one of the most cu- 
rious of insects. It is of a very considerable 
size, measuring nearly three inches and a 
i half from the tip of the front to that of the 
; tail, and about five inches and a half from 
! wing’s end to wing’s end when expanded : 
the body is of a lengthened oval shape, and 
■ divided into several rings or segments ; the 
; head is nearly equal to the length of the rest 
j of the animal, and is oval, inflated, and bent 
j slightly upwards; the ground-colour is an 
I elegant yellow, with a strong tinge of green 
in some parts, and marked' with numerous 
bright red-brown variegations in the form of 
stripes and spots ; the wings are very large, 
of a yellow colour, most elegantly varied 
with brown undulations and spots, and the 
lower pair are decorated by a very large eve- 
| shaped spot on the middle of each, the Iris 
: or border of the spot being red, and the cen- 
tre half red and half semitransparent white ; 
the head or lantern is pale v el low, with lon- 
gitudinal red stripes. This'beautiful insect 
is a native of Surinam and many other parts 
j of South America, and during tire night dif- 
i fuses so strong a phosphoric splendor from 
, its head or lantern, that it may be employed 
for the purpose of a candle or torch; and it 
I E said that three or four of the insects, tied 
I to the top of a stick, are frequently used by 
travellers for that purpose. The celebrated 
madam Merian, in her work on the Insects 
of Surinam, gives a very agreeable account 
ot the surprize into which she was thrown by 
the first view of the flashes of light proceed- 
ing from these insects. “The Indians once 
brought me,” says she, “ before I knew that 
they shone by night, a number of these lan- 
tern-flies, which I shut up in a large wooden 
box. In the night they made such a noise 
that I awoke in a fright, and ordered a light 
to be brought, not knowing whence the noise 
proceeded. As we found that it came from 
the box, we opened it, but were still much 
more alarmed, and let it fall to the ground in 
a fright, at seeing a flame of fire come out of 
it ; and as many animals as came out, so many 
flames of lire appeared. When we found 
this to be the case, we recovered from our 
fright, and again collected the insects, highly 
admiring their splendid appearance.” & “ 
Dr. Darwin, in a note to some lines rela- 
tive to luminous insects, in his beautiful poem 
the Loves of the Plants, makes madam Me- 
rian affirm, that she drew and finished her 
