F U N 
F U N 
The dividend parable to the proprietors of 
bank-stock is 7 per cent. ; on South-Sea stock 
3f per cent. India stock can no longer be 
classed among the public funds, as the debt 
due from the public to the company was can- 
celled on the last renewal of their charter; 
the dividend payable to the proprietors is 
10* per cent. Transfers of stock in any of 
the government funds, if made on the ap- 
pointed transfer days, are free from any ex- 
pence to the parties, but the same stock 
cannot be transferred twice on tiie same 
day. The per -on who transfers property in 
the funds, or his broker, must be known to 
the witnessing clerk, or some person known 
must be produced to vouch for his being the 
identical person he is represented to be. 
The seller’s receipt should be kept by the 
buyer, as a voucher for the transfer, tilt one 
dividend has been received. 
Dividends on bank-stock, South-Sea stock, 
and India-stock, after acceptance, are pay- 
able to a written order; but those respecting 
India-stock must be on stamps. The divi- . 
deads on bank-stock are payable the day j 
after they become due; but the dividend's 
on the stock of other companies, and on the ! 
government funds, are not payable till about j 
a week after. The space between the shut- 
ting and opening the books of any stock is J 
usually about six weeks. At the time of 
shutting, the dividends due are carried to a 
separate account, and cannot be transferred 
with the stock of a proprietor, the warrants 
being tilled up in the name the stock stands 
in when the books shut, and of course are 
payable only to him or his attorney. All 
letters of attorney, to sell or accept stock or 
to receive dividends', should be taken out at 
the respective offices, in order that the de- 
scription may exactly accord with that in the 
bank-books, and there must be a separate 
letter of attorney for each different stock. 
Letters to se'l must be deposited in the pro- 
per office prior to sale, as must also probates 
•of wills, till registered. Acting personally, 
after granting a letter of attorney, revokes 
the power of the letter. Any one trustee, 
after the acceptance of the whole trust, may 
receive dividends; and, upon the death of 
anv of the trustees being proved by produc- 
ing their wills or a certificate of burial, the 
survivor may transfer the stock. 
Per, .ons having occasion to invest money 
in the public funds generally employ a bro- 
ker, to whom the party must give his name, 
place of abode, and usual addition, with the 
sum intended to be purchased. The broker 
soon finds a seller of the sum wanted ; and 
having agreed upon the rate per cent, to be 
paid, according to the current price of the j 
day, the particulars of the bargain are deli- 
.vered to a clerk In the office in the Bank 
in which the description of stock intended to 
be purchased is transferrable. The clerk on j 
finding that such stock stands in the seller’s j 
name, fills up a form of transfer, which is j 
signed by the seller, conveying all his right 
and title to the stock to the purchaser, his j 
heirs or assigns. A form of acceptance is 
then signed by the pu chaser, and the seller 
‘having given him a receipt expressing the : 
consideration paid, which is witnessed by j 
the bank-clerk, the business is concluded. 
As the prices of the several funds are con- 
tinually fluctuating, and there is frequently a 
considerable difference in the interest pro- 
duced by investing money in different funds, 
the following table of the prices which each 
fund should be at to produce an equal in- 
terest-, will be found very useful to persons 
investing their money in these securities. 
TABLE, 
Shewing- the Comparative Value per Cent, of 
the several Public Funds, and the Annual In- 
terest produced by ^.100 invested at different 
Prices. 
3 per 
Cents. 
4 per 
Cents. 
5 per 
Cents. 
Bank 
Stock, 
7 per c. 
Ind. St. 
104per 
Cent. 
Annual 
Interest. 
45 
GO 
75 
105 
157* 
6 
13 
4 
45J 
61 
76* 
306* 
160* 
6 
11 
1 
4G-j 
62 
774 
103* 
1624 
6 
9 
0 
47i 
63 
73A 
110* 
165* 
6 
6 
11 
48 
64 
80 
112 
168 
6 
5 
0 
484 
65 
81* 
113* 
1704 
6 
3 
0 
4 H 
66 
82* 
1 IS* 
173* 
6 
1 
2 
50i 
67 
83* 
117* 
175* 
5 
19 
4 
51 
68 
85 
119 
178* 
5 
17 
7 
51* 
69 
86* 
1204 
181* 
5 
15 
11 
52* 
70 
87* 
122 1 
183* 
5 
14 
3 
71 
88^ 
124* 
186* 
5 
12 
8 
54 
72 
90 
126 
189 
5 
11 
1 
54* 
73 
91* 
1274 
191* 
5 
9 
6 
55* 
74 
92* 
1294 
194* 
5 
8 
1 
56^ 
75 
93* 
131* 
196* 
5 
6 
7 
5 7 
76 
95 
133 
199* 
5 
5 
8 
57* 
77 
96* 
1 34* 
202* 
5 
3 
10 
58* 
78 
97* 
136* 
204* 
5 
2 
6 
59 A 
79 
98* 
138* 
207* 
5 
1 
3 
60 
80 
100 
140 
210 
5 
0 
0 
60): 
81 
101* 
141* 
212* 
4 
18 
9 
61* 
82 
102* 
143* 
215* 
4 
17 
G 
62* 
83 
103* 
145| 
217* 
4 
16 
4 
63 
84 
105 
147 
220* 
4 
15 
2 
68* 
85 
106* 
148* 
223* 
4 
14 
0 
64* 
86’ 
107* 
1504 
225* ' 
4 
13 
0 
65* 
87 
1084 
152* 
228* 
4 
11 
1 1 
66 
88 
110 
154 
231 
4 
10 
10 
66 
89 
HI* 
1554 
233|- 
4 
9 
10 
67* 
90 
112* 
1574 
236* 
4 
8 
10 
68* 
91 
113* 
159* 
238* 
4 
7 
10 
69 
92 
115 
161 
241* 
4 
6 
11 
69j 
93 
116* 
162* 
244* 
4 
6 
0 
70* 
94 
117* 
164* 
246* 
4 
5 
1 
71* 
95 
118* 
166* 
249* 
4 
4 
2 
72 
96 
120 
168 
252 
4 
3 
3 
72- 
/ -4. 
97 
121* 
169* 
254f 
4 
2 
5 
73* 
98 
122* 
171* 
257* 
4 
1 
7 
74* 
99 
123* 
173* 
259* 
4 
0 
9 
75 
100 
1 25 
175 
262* 
4 
0 
0 
Tables of all the intermediate prices, and for 
comparing the value of the terminable Annui- 
ties with the other Funds are given in Fairman’s 
Guide to Purchasers in the Public Funds. Some 
useful information respecting the Funds, and the 
mode of transacting business at the Bank and 
Stock Exchange, will also be found in Morti- 
mer’s Every Man his Own Broker. 
FUNDAMENTAL note, in music, the 
principal note in a song, or composition, 
to which all the rest are in some measure 
adapted, and by which they are swayed: 
it is otherwise' called the key to the song. 
FUNERAL EXPEND ES, are allowed 
previous to all other debts and charges; but 
if the executor or administrator be extrava- 
gant, it is a species of devastation or waste of 
the substance of the deceased, and shall only 
be prejudical to himself and not to the cre- 
ditors or legatees of the deceased. 2 Bl. 508. 
But in strictness, no funeral cxpences are 
allowed against a creditor, except for the 
shroud, coffin, ringing the bell, parson, clerk, 
grave-digger, and bearers’ fees, but not for 
pall or ornaments. 1 Salk 190, 
FUR ? 9 1 
And in general it is said, that no more than 
40v. in the whole for funeral expcnces, shall 
be allowed against creditors. 3 Atk. 249. 
FUNGI, from apcyvoi fungus, the name of 
the 4th order ot the 24th class of vegetables, in 
the Linnaean system ; comprehending all those 
which are of the mushroom kind, and which, 
ii.Ul'ournefoi t, constitute the 2d, 3d, 4th 5th, 
6th, 7th, and 8th genera of the first section 
in the class x\;ii. This order in Linna us con- 
tains 10 genera. See Agaricus, Boletus, 
Clavaria, Lycoperdcn, &c. 
I he antients called fungi children of the 
earth, meaning, no doubt, to indicate the ob- 
scurity o( their origin. The moderns have 
likewise been at a loss in what rank to place 
them; some referring them to the animal* 
some to the vegetable, and others to the 
mineral kingdom. Messrs. Wilck and Mun- 
chausen have not scrupled to rank these bo- 
dies in the number of animal productions; 
because when fragments of them or their 
seeds were macerated in water, these gen- 
tlemen perceived a quantity of animalcules, 
discharged, which they supposed capable of 
being changed into the same substance. It 
was the antient opinion that beef could pro- 
duce bees; but it was reserved for Messrs, 
A ilck and Munchausen tp suppose, that bees 
could produce beef. Wilck asserts, that fungi 
consist ol innumerable cavities, each inhabited 
by a polype ; and he ascribes the formation 
of them to their inhabitants, in the same way 
as it has been saicHhat the coral, the lichen, 
and the mucor were formed. .Hedwig has 
lately shown how ill founded this opinion is 
with’ respect to the lichen; and M. Durande 
has demonstrated its falsity with regard to the 
corallines. “ Indeed (says M. Bonnet, talk- 
ing of the animality of fungi) nothing but the 
rage for paradox could induce anv one to pub- 
lish such a fable; and I regret that posterity 
will be able to reproach our times with it. 
Observation and experiment should enable 
us to overcome the prejudices of modern phi- 
losophy, now that those of the antient have 
disappeared and are forgotten.” 
It cannot be denied that the mushroom is 
one of the most perishable of all plants, and it, 
is therefore the most favourable for the gene- 
ration of insects. Considering the quickness of 
its growth, it must be furnished with a power 
of copious absorption ; th extremities of its 
vessels must be more dilated than in other 
plants. Its root seems, in many cases, to be 
merely intended for its support; for some 
species grow upon stones or moveable sand, 
from which it is impossible that they can draw 
much nourishment. > - e must therefore sup- 
pose, that it is chiefly by the stalk that they 
absorb. These stalks grow in a moist ancl 
tainted air, in which float multitudes of eggs, 
so small, that the very insects they produce 
are with difficulty seen by the microscope. 
These eggs may be compared to the particles 
of the byssus, 100.000 of which, as M. Gle- 
ditsch says, are not equal to the fourth of a 
grain. May we not suppose that a quantity 
of such eggs are absorbed by the vessels of the 
fungus, that they remain there, without any 
change, till the plant begins to 'decay ? 
FUNG ITT, in natural history, a kind of 
fossile coral; oi a conic figure, tliougii some- 
times flatted and striated longitudinally. 
FUNGUS, in surgery, denotes any spongy 
excrescence. See Surgery. 
FURCA and Fossa, in our old customs. 
