Let not pot-herbs be forgotten, but provide 
a general herbary in that part of the garden 
w hich is warmest, and best-shaded, for these 
are tender plants. 
Having spoken of stationary things, the 
routine of the seasons must dictate the rest; 
and the inclinations of the palate will refresh 
the memory to take care of providing the 
most necessary and agreeable esculents for 
dressing, and raw salads. 
Perennial flowers have been mentioned; 
but let fancy direct as many annuals and bi- 
ennials to be cultivated, as room can conve- 
j niently be found for, that the garden may be, 
as much as possible, ornamented. 
In furnishing a garden with shrubs and 
I flowers, respect should be had to their usual 
height, their bulk, colour, and season, that 
the mixture may be properly varied, harmo- 
nious to the eye, and come in regular suc- 
cession. The latter part of the year is seldom 
provided for so well as it might be ; late 
i flowers should be set in warm situations, as 
their proper place. In the most dreary 
months, by judicious planting, evergreens in 
their neat and cheerful “ winter liveries,” 
may be viewed from our windows, and serve 
instead of flowers. 
Those who garden upon a large scale, 
should take care to have every thing proper 
and convenient liberally provided. Let there 
be a well-situated place for hot-beds, with 
some building as a tool-house, and (if dry) 
for keeping bulbs, seeds, and herbs. Those 
also who garden even upon a small scale will 
I do well to have every needful implement. It 
| is the way to save time and labour, and have 
j work done well. 
If water can be introduced, and kept dean 
with verdant banks around it, it would be 
found very useful where a garden is large ; 
but let it be as near the centre as possible, as 
the most convenient situation. It should be 
fed from a pond in preference to a spring. 
Mixed gardening, as comprehending the 
useful with the sweet, the protit able with the 
pleasant, has been the subject hitherto ; but 
if the flower garden and the kitchen garden 
are to be distinct, the case is altered; not so 
much indeed but that still the kitchen garden 
should be adorned with a sprinkling of the 
more ordinary decorations, to skirt the quar- 
ters, chiefly those of the most powerful sweet 
scents, as roses, sweet-briars, and honey- 
suckles, wall flowers, stocks, pinks, minionet, 
&c. in order to counteract the coarser effluvia 
of vegetables, or of dead leaves, which, how- 
ever, should not be suffered to annoy. 
The flower garden, properly so called, 
should be rather small than large; and if a 
separate portion of ground is appropriated 
for this, only the choicest flowers should be 
introduced, and no trouble spared to culti- 
vate them in the best manner. The beds of 
this garden should be narrow, and conse- 
quently the walks numerous; and not more 
than one-half or two-thirds the width of the 
beds, except one principal walk, all round, 
which may be a little wider. The gravel, or 
whatever the walks are made of, should lie 
about four inches below the edge. The beds 
for tulips, hyacinths, anemonies, ranuncu- 
luses, &c. may be three and a half or four 
feet wide, and those for single flowers the 
same, or only two and a half feet wide in the 
VOL. I. 
GARDENING. 
borders, which was the most usual breadth 
in the old flower gardens. Let the beds lie 
rather rounded in the middle, but the walks 
flat. 
Figured parterres have got out of fashion, 
as a taste tor open and extensive gardening 
has prevailed ; but when the beds are not too 
fanciful, but regular in their shapes, and 
chiefly at right angles, after the Chinese man- 
ner, an assemblage of all sorts of flowers, in a 
fancy spot of about 60 feet square, is a de- 
lightful home source of pleasure, worthy of 
pursuit. There should be neat edgings cf 
box to these beds, or rather of neat inch- 
boards, painted lead colour, to keep up the 
mould. Be sure to keep the box from the 
very first, as soon as rooted, and always after, 
as low as possible: clip it twice a year, 
April and July. 
Landscape or picturesque gardening, is 
so much the work of fancy, and so much 
depends upon the situation, or what the ce- 
lebrated Mr. Brown used to call the capa- 
bility of the place, that no precise rules can 
be laid down concerning it. All, therefore, 
that can be expected, is a few loose hints, 
on which the man of taste may improve ac- 
cording to circumstances. 
Those, however, who would do much in 
landscape gardening, should not be forward 
to trust their own taste altogether. In this 
business there is no making experiments, 
but all should be executed, as much as pos- 
sible, upon certainty. There is a variety of 
works and decorations in extensive garden- 
ing, which injudiciously introduced, might 
create a wasteful expence. This is an 
error that ought to be avoided, and most 
probably would be by those who have been 
in the habit of studying nature, and the pow- 
ers of art as her submissive handmaid. 
The pleasure we seek in laying out gar- 
dens, is now justly founded upon the prin- 
ciples of concealed art, which appears like 
nature; but still, whether ingenious con- 
trivances, and decorations, (altogether arti- 
ficial,) should be so entirely laid aside as 
they are, may deserve to be considered. 
Gardens were formerly loaded v ith statues, 
and great improprieties were committed in 
placing them, as Neptune in a grove, and 
Vulcan at a fountain, large figures in small 
gardens, and small in large, Ike. but perhaps 
the works of the statuary might be still be in- 
troduced if well executed , and in proper 
places. A terrace as a boundary, is now sel- 
dom formed ; but in some situations, such an 
eminence might in several respects be agree- 
able. 
If trees are planted injudiciously, the error 
is a trifle ; but if cut down so, the conse- 
quence is serious, and has often been sorely 
lamented ; extirpation should therefore be 
well thought of before it is executed ; es- 
pecially trees about houses, for many dwell- 
ings have been thus too hastily exposed, 
and deprived of comfortable shelter and 
shade. And why should a taste have pre- 
vailed for so sudden a transition, as no sooner 
out of the house than to arrive in the open 
country ; or why -should an extensive garden 
be thrown as much as possible into a single 
view, when meeting with new objects in our 
walks is so agreeable ? 
Hilly spots that are in view of the house 
should be planted with firs, as fine-looking 
trees, and very hardy. Beech does well on 
617 
high ground, especially if chalky. In low 
ground, not to mention alders, and that 
tribe, the birch, and even the oak, should 
not be forgotten, where the wet does not 
long stand. 
About the house some shady walks ought 
always to be provided, by thick planting, if 
not of trees, yet of flowering shrubs, "and 
evergreens, of which the laurel will be found 
the most useful. If t here is good room, 
single trees of the fir kind, at due distances, 
are admirable ornaments about a house, and 
flumps of shrubs all of the same kind have a 
good effect. 
Those who have much space of ground to 
decorate, do well to plant trees and shrubs 
of every kind, as enlarging the sources of 
amusement, and affording opportunities for 
observation; but if the allotment of ground 
for this purpose is contracted, then, of course, 
those only should be planted, which by their 
neat foliage, natural symmetry, and gay 
flowers, may be truly esteemed ornamental. 
They should be such as strike the eye of 
persons in general, though they have no'thing 
of singularity to engage the attention of the 
curious in plants. It too often happens, that 
good old sorts of trees, shrubs, and flowers, 
are excluded for new ones ; but if the latter 
are not more elegant, and generally pleasing, 
the practice is surely not a wise one: in 
ornamental gardening, great care should he 
taken, in the choice of what is really hand- 
some, that nothing dull or rambling be intro- 
duced. 
The walks should always be wide, some 
inclining to serpentine, and contrived as 
much as possible upon a level, as walking up 
and down hills can hardly be called pleasure. 
I hat they may be extensive, they should 
skirt the grounds, and seldom go across 
them. In small pleasure-grounds the edges 
of the walks should be regularly planted 
with flowers, and long ones occasionally so, 
or with the most dwarf shrubs ; and neat 
sheltered compartments of flowers, (every 
now and then to be met with) have a pretty 
effect. If the walks are extended to distant 
plantations ot forest-trees, every opportunity 
should be 1 aken, to introduce somethingof the 
herbaceous flowery kind, which will prove 
the more pleasing, as found in unexpected 
situations. r l he outer walk of pleasure 
grounds and plantations, should every now 
and then break into open views of the coun- 
try, and to parts of the internal space, made 
pleasing, if not striking, by some work of art, 
or decoration of nature. 
Water should only be introduced where 
ir will run itself clear, or may be easily kept 
so, as also in full sight ; and some fall of it 
should be contrived, (if possible) for the sake 
of giving it motion and sound, because a 
lively scene of this element is always much 
more pleasant than a dead one. Every spring 
of water should be made the most of. and 
hough fountains, &c. are out of fashion, 
something of this kind is agreeable enough. 
Near some pieces of water, as a cool retreat, 
it is desirable that there should be something 
of the summer-house km 1 ; and whv not the 
simple rustic arbour, embowered with the 
woodbine, the sweetbriar, the jessamine, and 
the rose? Pole arbours are tied well toge- 
ther with burk or ozier twigs. 
Before the design of a rural and extensive 
