© L O 
G L O 
G L O 
8 37 
4. To Jtnd any place by the latitude and 
i longitude given. Bring the given degree of 
longitude to the meridian, and under the 
given degree of latitude you will see the 
place required. 
5. Tojind all those places which have the 
same latitude or longitude with those of any 
given place. Bring the given place to the 
meridian; then all those places which lie 
| under the meridian have the same longitude: 
I again, turn the globe round on its axis ; then 
all those places which pass under the same 
I degree of the meridian with any given place 
} have the same latitude with it. 
6. To find all those places where it is noon 
: at any given hour (f the day in any place. 
Bring the given place to the meridian, set 
\ the index to the given hour; then turn the 
1 globe till the said index points to the upper 
) xir, and observe what places lie under thebrass 
meridian ; for to them it is noon at that time. 
7. I Then it is noon at am/ one place, h> 
' find what hour it is at any other given place. 
i Bring the first given place to the meridian, 
J and set the index to the upper xii; then 
; turn the globe till the other given place 
comes to the meridian, and the index will 
point to the hour required, 
8. For any given hour of the day in the 
j place where you are, to jind the hour of the 
day in any other place. Bring the place 
I where you are to the meridian, set the index 
I to the given hour, then turn the globe about; 
I and when the other place comes to the me- 
j ridian, the index will shew the hour of the 
| dav there as required. 
<). To find the distance between any two 
] places in English miles. Bring one place to 
| the meridian, over which fix the quadrant of 
1 altitude; and then laying it over the other 
1 place, count the number of degrees thereon 
contained between them ; which number 
multiply by 69| (the number of miles in one 
| degree), and the product is the number of 
English miles required. 
10. To find how any one place bears from 
I another. Bring one place to the brass meri- 
dian, and lay ti .e quadrant of altitude over 
j the other, and it will shew on the horizon the 
point of the compass on which the latter bears 
J from the former. 
j ■ 11. To find those places to which the sun 
is vertical in the torrid zone Jar any given 
day. Find the sun’s place in the ecliptic for 
l the given time, and bring it to the meridian, 
I and observe what degree thereof it cuts ; 
i then turn the globe about, and all those 
| places which pass under that degree of the 
1 meridian, are those required. 
12. To jind what day of the year the sun 
| will be vertical to any given place in the tor - 
' rid zone. Bring the given place to the me- 
■ ridian, and mark the degree exactly over it ; 
i then turn the globe round, and observe the 
two points of the ecliptic which pass under 
that degree of the meridian: lastly, see on 
the wooden horizon on what days o’t the year 
the sun is in those points of the ecliptic; for 
those are the days required. 
13. To find those places in the north frigid 
j s one ivhere the sun begins to shine constantly 
j without setiing, on any given day betzueen 
the 21 st of March and fhe c 2\st of June. Find 
| the sun’s place in the ecliptic for (he given 
| day, bring it to the brazen meridian, and 
observe the degrees of declination; then all 
those places which are the same number of 
Yol. I. 
degrees distant from the pole are the places 
required to be found. 
1 4. To find on what day the sun begins 
to shine constantly without setting, on any 
given place in the north frigid zone, and how 
tong. Rectify the globe to the latitude of 
the place, and*, turning it about, observe what 
point of the ecliptic between Aries and Can- 
cer, and also between Cancer and Libra, co- 
incides with the north point of the horizon ; 
then find, by the calendar on the horizon, 
what days the sun will enter those degrees of 
the ecliptic, and they will satisfy the problem. 
15. To find the place over which the sun 
is vertical on any given day and hour. Find 
the sun’s place, and bring it to the meridian, 
and mark the degree of declination for the 
given hour; then find those places which 
have the sun in the meridian at that moment; 
and among them that which passes under the 
degree of declination is the place desired. 
lb. Tojind, for any given day and hour, 
those places wherein the sun is then rising 
and setting, or on the meridian ; also those 
places which are enlightened/ and those which 
are not. Find the place to which the sun is 
vertical at the given time, and bring the same 
to the meridian, and elevate the pole to the 
latitude of the place; then all those places 
which are in the western semicircle of the 
horizon have the sun rising, and those in the 
eastern semicircle see it setting ; and to those 
under the meridian it is noon. Lastly j all 
places above the horizon are enlightened, and 
all below il are in darkness or night. 
1 7. The day and hour of a sotar or lunar 
eclipse being given, tojind all those places in 
which the same will he visible. Find the 
place to which the sun is vertical at the given 
instant, and elevate the globe to the latitude 
of the place; then in most of those places 
above the horizon will the sun be visible dur- 
ing his eclipse; and all those places below 
(he horizon will see (he moon pass through 
the shadow of the earth in her eclipse. 
18. The length of a degree being given, to 
find the number of miles in a great circle oj 
the earth, and thence the diameter of the 
earth. Admit that one degree contains 69f 
English statute miles ; then multiply 360 (the 
number of degrees in a great circle) by 69-f, 
and the product will be 25020, the miles 
which measure the circumference of the 
earth. If this number be divided by 3. 14'6, 
the quotient will be 7963 -fifj miles for the 
diameter of the earth. 
19. The diameter of the earth being known, 
to find the surface in square miles, and its so- 
lidity in cubic miles. Admit the diameter to 
be 7964 miles ; then multiply the square oi 
the diameter by 3.1416, and the product will 
be 199250205 very near, which are the square 
miles in the surface of the earth. Again, 
multiply the cube of the diameter by 0.5236, 
and the product 264466789170 will be the 
number of the cubic miles in the whole globe 
of the earth. 
20. To express the velocity of the diurnal 
motion of the earth. Since a place in the 
equator describes a circle of 25020 miles in 
24 hours, it is evident, that the velocity with 
which it moves is at the rate of 1042-| in one 
hour, or 17^ miles per minute. The velo- 
city in any parallel of latitude decreases in 
the proportion of the co-sine of the latitude 
to the radius. Thus for the latitude of Lon- 
don, 51° 30 ; , say, 
As radius 10.000000 
To the co-sine of lat. 51°30' 9-794149 
So is the velocity in the ) 1.232046 
equator, \ /fJ . J 
To the velocity of the citv ) , a 00 ■ a — 
^ of London, *10 T y * \ 1 - 032 ' 95 . 
Tiiat is, the city of London moves about tire- 
axis of the earth at the rate of 10 miles 
every minute of time. 
GLOBULAR chart, a name given to 
the representation of the surface, or of some 
part of the surface, of the terrestrial globe 
upon a plane, wherein the parallels of lati- 
tude are circles nearly concentric, the meri- 
dian curves bending towards the poles, and 
the rhomb-lines are also curves. 
GLOBULAR sailing. See Sailing. 
GLOBULARIA, globular' blue daisy, a 
genus of the monogynia order, in the tetran- 
dria class of plants, and in the natural method 
ranking under the 48th order, aggregate. 
The common calyx is imbricated, the proper 
one tubulated inferior, the upper lip of l lie 
florets bipartite, the under one tripartite, the 
receptacle paleaceous. 1 here are eight spe- 
cies, but one only is commonly to be met 
with in our gardens, viz. t he vulgaris, or com- 
mon blue daisy. It has broad thick radical 
leaves, three-parted at the ends, upright 
stalks from about six to ten or twel ve inches 
high, with spear-shaped leaves, and the top 
crowned by a globular head of line blue flow- 
ers, composed of many florets in one cup. It 
flowers in June, and makes a good appear- 
ance, but thrives best in a moist shady situa- 
tion. It is propagated by parting the roots 
in September. 
GLORIOSA, superb lily, a genus of the 
hexandria monogynia class of plants, the 
flower of which consists of six oblongo-lan- 
ceolated, undulated, and very long petals, 
reflex nearly to the base: the fruit is an oval 
pellucid capsule, containing three cells, and 
numerous globose seeds, disposed in a double 
scries. There are two species, herbaceous 
plants of Guinea. 
GLOSSOMA, a genus of the tetrandria 
monogynia class and order. The calyx is 
turbinate, four-toothed, superior; corolla 
four-petalled ; antheras almost united with 
membranaceous scales at the end; stigmas 
;Our ; drupe. There is one species, a shrub 
of Guiana. 
GLOSSOPETALUM, a genus of the 
pentandria pentagynia class and order. The 
calyx is five-toothed; petals five, with a strap 
at the tip of each berry. There are two spe- 
cies, trees of Guiana. 
QLOSSOPETRA, in natural history, a 
genus of extraneous fossils, so called from 
their having been supposed the tongues of 
serpents turned to stone, though they are 
really the teeth of sharks, and are found 
in the mouths of those fishes, wherever taken. 
The several sizes of teeth of the same species 
and the several different species of sharks, 
furnish us with a vast variety of these fossile 
teeth. Their usual colours are black, bluish, 
whitish, yellowish, or brown. In shape they 
are commonly somewhat approaching to tri- 
angular; some are simple, and others have 
a smaller point on each side the larger one ; 
many of. them are quite straight, but they 
are frequently met with crooked, and bent in 
all the different directions, some inwards. 
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