G R A 
G R E 
Wax. See Bees’-wax. 
• , shoemaker’s — 
— 897 
Woods. 
Alder — 
— 800 
Apple-tree — 
— ' 793 
Ash, the trunk — 
— 845 
Bay-tree — 
— 822 
Beech • — 
— 852 
Box, French — 
— 912 
Dutch — 
— 1328 
Brazilian red - 
- 1031 
Campechy wood 
— 913 
Cedar, wild — 
— 596 
Palestine 
— 613 
Indian — 
— 1315 
American — 
— 561 
Citron — 
— - 726 
Coco-wood — ■ 
— 1040 
Cherry-tree — 
— 71 5 
Cork — 
— 240 
Cypress, Spanish — 
— 644 
Ebony, American — 
— 1331 
Indian — 
— 1209 
Elder-tree — 
— 695 
Elm, trunk of — 
— 671 
Filbert-tree — 
— - 600 
Fir, male — 
— 550 
- — female — 
— 498 
Hazel — 
— 600 
Jasmin, Spanish — - 
— 770 
Juniper-tree — • 
— 556 
Lemon-tree • — 
— 703 
Lignum vitae — 
— 1333 
Linden-tree — 
— 604 
Logwood. See Campechy. 
Mastieh-tree — 
— 849 
Mahogany — 
— 1063 
Maple — 
— 750 
Medlar — 
— 944 
Mulberry, Spanish — 
— 897 
Oak, heart of, 60 years old 
— 1170 
Olive-tree • — 
— 927 
Orange-tree — 
— 705 
Pear-tree — 
661 
•Pomegranate-tree — 
— 1354 
Poplar — 
— 383 
, white, Spanish 
529 
Plum-tree 
• 785 
Quince-tree 
705 
Sassafras 
482 
Vine — 
1327 
Walnut 
• 67 1 
Willow 
■ 585 
Yew, Dutch 
788 
807 
Weight and - specific gravities of different 
gases. 
Fahrenheit’s therm. 55° 
Earom. SO inch. 
Spec. grav. 
Wt. cub. foot. 
Atmospheric air 1.2 
525.0 grs. 
Hydrogenous gas 0.1 
43.75 
Oxygenous gas 1.435 
627.812 
Azotic gas 1 . 1 82 
517.125 
Nitrous gas 1.4544 
636.333 
Ammoniac, gas .7311 
319.832 
Sulphur, acid gas 2.761 1 
1207.978 
In this tab'e the weights and specific gra- 
vities of the principal gases are given, as they 
correspond to a state of the barometer and 
thermometer which maybe chosen for a me- 
dium. The specific gravity of any one gas to 
that of another will not conform to exactly 
the same ratio under different degrees of 
heat and other pressures of t'.:e atmosphere, 
because the various expansions by no means 
follow the same law. 
These numbers being the weight of a cu- 
bic foot, or 1728 cubic inches, of each of the 
bodies, in avoirdupois ounces, by proportion 
the quantity in any other weight, or the 
weight of any other quantity, may be readily 
known. 
For example. Required the content of an 
irregular block of millstone which weighs 
1 cwt. or 112 lb. or 1792 ounces. Here, as 
2500: 1792 : : 1728 : 1228-1 cubic inches 
the content. 
Ex. 2. To find the weight of a block of 
granite, whose length is 63 feet, and breadth 
and thickness each 12 feet; being the di- 
mensions of one of the stones of granite in 
the walls of Balbec. Here 63 x 12 x 
12 = 9072 feet is the content of the stone ; 
therefore as 1 : 9072 : : 3500 oz. 31752000 
oz. or 885 tons 18 cwt. 3 qrs. the weight of 
the stone. 
XL A body descends in a fluid specifically 
lighter, or ascends in a fluid specifically hea- 
vier, with a force equal to the difference be- 
tween its weight and that of an equal bulk of 
the fluid. 
XII. A body sinks in a fluid specifically 
heavier, so far as that the weight of the body 
is equal to the weight of a quantity of the 
fluid of the same bulk as the part immersed. 
Hence, as the specific gravity of the fluid, is 
to that of the body, so is the whole magni- 
tude of the body, to the magnitude of the 
part immersed. 
XIII. The specific gravities of equal solids 
are as their parts immerged in the same fluid. 
The several theorems here delivered are 
both demonstrable from the principles of 
mechanics, and are also equally conformable 
to experiment, which answers exactly to the 
calculation. Sae Hydrostatics. 
Gravity, in music. Gravity is that mo- 
dification of any sound by which it becomes 
deep or low in respect ot some other sound: 
the gravity of sounds depends on the thick- 
ness and distension of the chords, or the 
length and diameter of the pipes, and in ge- 
neral on the mass, extent, and tension, of the 
sonorous bodies. The larger and more lax 
are the bodies, the slower will be the vibra- 
tions, and the graver the sounds. 
GRAUSTEIN, in mineralogy, is a rock 
composed of small grains ®f felspar and 
hornblende, which graduate into each other, 
and form a mass almost homogenous of an 
ash -grey colour. It contains olivine and augite. 
GREAT-circle sailing, the manner of 
conducting a ship in, or rather pretty near, 
the arch of a great circle, that passes through 
the zenith of the two places, viz. whence she 
came, and to which she is bound. 
GREEN-CLOTH, a board, or court of 
justice, held in the compting-house of the 
king's household, composed of the lord-stew- 
ard, and officers under him, who sit daily. 
To this court are committed the charge and 
oversight of the king’s household in matters 
of justice and government, with a power to 
correct all offenders, and to maintain the 
peace of the verge, or jurisdiction of the 
court-royal ; which is every way about two 
hundred yards from the last gate of the pa- 
lace where his majesty resides. It takes its 
name from a green cloth spread over the 
board where they sit. Without a warrant first 
obtained from this court, none of the king’s 
servants can be arrested for debt. 
5 S 2 
G r E 
Green-Finch, in ornithology. See Frin- 
GILLA. 
Green-house, or conservatory, a house 
in a garden contrived for sheltering and pre- 
serving the most tender and curious exotic 
plants, which, in our climate, will not bear to 
be exposed to the open air during the winter 
season. r l hose are generally large andbeau- 
ful structures, equally ornamental and useful. 
GREENLAND Company. A joint 
stock oi 40,000/. was by statute to be raised 
by subscribers, who were incorporated for 14 
years from the 1st of October, 1693, and the 
company to use the trade of catching whales, 
&c. into and from Greenland and the Green- 
land seas. They make bye-laws tor the go- 
vernment of the persons employed in their 
ships, &c. Slat. 4 and 5 W. ill. cap. 17. 
This company was farther encouraged by' 
parliament in 1696; but partly by unskilful 
management, and partly by real lo’sses, it was 
under the necessity ot entirely breaking up, 
before the expiration of the term assigned to 
it, ending in 1707. But any person who will 
adventure to Greenland for whale-fishing shall 
have all the privileges granted to the Green- 
land company by 1 Anne, cap. 16, and thus 
the trade was again laid open. Any subjects 
may import whale-fins, oil, Ac. offish caught 
in the Greenland seas, without paying any 
customs, &c. Stat. 10 Geo. I. cap. 1 6 . And 
ships employed in the Greenland fishery are 
to be of a given burden? provided with boats, 
so many men, fishing-lines, harping-irons, &c. 
and be licensed to proceed ; and on their re- 
turn shall be paid 20s. per ton bounty for 
whale-fins, &c. imported. 6 Geo. 11. cap. 33. 
The bounty was afterwards increased, but has 
been lately diminished ; and since this dimi- 
nution the trade has increased. See Baljena, 
and Fishery. 
GREGORIAN Calendar. See Ca- 
lendar, and Epact. 
Gregorian Epoch, the epocha or time 
whence the Gregorian calendar or computa- 
tion took place. 
Gregorian Year, the Julian year cor- 
rected or modelled, in such a manner as that 
three secular years, which in the Julian ac- 
count are bissextile, are here common years, 
and only every fourth secular year is made a 
bissextile year. 
The Julian computation is more than the 
solar year by eleven minutes, which in 131 
years amounts to a whole day. By this cal- 
culation the vernal equinox w r as anticipated 
10 days from the time of the general council 
of Nice, held in the year 325 of the chrLtiau 
aera, to the time of pope Gregory XIII. who 
therefore caused 10 days to he taken oat of 
the month of October, in 1X82, to make the 
equinox fall on the 2 1st of March, as it did 
at the time of that council ; and to prevent 
the like variation for the future, he ordered 
that three days should be abated in every 400 
years, by reducing the leap-year at the close 
of each century for three successive centu- 
ries to common years, and retaining theleap- 
vear at the close of each fourth century only 
This was at that time -esteemed as exactly 
conformable to the true solar year, but it Is 
found not to be strictly just, because that in 
400 years it gets one" hour and twenty mi- 
nutes ; and consequently in 7200 years, a 
whole day. 
The greatest part of Europe have long 
