h m, m 
the certainty thereof, for what time, and to 
wlut use. It sometimes qualifies the estate, 
so that the general implication thereof, 
which, by construction of law, passes in the 
premises, may by the habendum be con- 
trolled : in which case the habendum may 
lessen or enlarge the estate, but not totally 
contradict or be repugnant to it. As if a 
grait is to one and the heirs of his body, to 
leave to him and his heirs for ever, here lie has 
an estate tail by the grant, and by the haben- 
dum he has a fee simple expectant thereon. 
But if it had been in the premises to him and 
his heirs, to have for life, the habendum would 
he utterly void ; for an estate of inheritance 
is vested in him before the habendum comes, 
and shall not afterwards be taken away, or 
divested by it. 2 Black. 298. * , 
The habendum cannot pass any thing that 
is not expressly mentioned, or contained by 
implication in the premises of the deed ; lie- 
cause the premises being part of the deed by 
which the thing is granted, and consequently 
that makes the gift ; it follows that the ha- 
bendum, which only limits the certainty and 
extent of the estate in the tiling given, cannot 
increase or multiply the gift, because it would 
be absurd to say that the grantee shall hold a 
thing which was never given him. 2 Roll. 
Abr. 65. See Deed. 
HABERDASHER, in commerce, a sell- 
er of hats, or of small wares. 
The master and wardens of the company 
of haberdashers in London, calling to their 
assistance one of the company of cappers, 
and another of the hat-makers, and mayors, 
&c. of towns, may search the wares of all 
hatters that work hats with foreign wool, and. 
have not been apprentices to the trade, or 
who dye them with any thing but copperas 
and galls, or woad and madder ; in which 
case they are liable to penalties, by stat. 8 
Lliz. c. 7, and 5 Geo. II. c. 22. 
HABERE facias seisin am, a writ of 
execution directed to the sheriff, command- 
ing liim to give to the plaintiff possession of a 
freehold : it it is a chattel interest, and not a 
freehold, then the writ is entitled habere fa- 
cias possessionem. 3 Black. 412. 
In the execution of these writs, the sheriff, 
if needful, may take with him the power of 
the county, and may justify breaking open 
doors, if the possession is not quietly deli- 
vered ; but if it is peacefully delivered up, the 
yielding of a twig, a turf, or the ring of a 
door, in the name of seisin, is sufficient. Id. 
Habere facias visum, a writ that lies 
in divers cases in real actions, as in dower, 
formedon, Ac. where view is required to be 
taken of the lands or tenements in question. 
HABERGEON, a small coat of mail, or 
only sleeves and gorget of mail, formed of 
little iron rings or meshes linked into each 
other. 
HADDOCK. See Gadus. 
ILL MAN 1 HfS, the blood Jlowcr, a ge- 
nus of the monogynia order, in the hexandria 
class of plants, and in the natural method 
ranking under the ninth order, spathace®. 
The involucrum is hexaphyllous and multi- 
florous ; the corolla sexpartite, superior ; the 
berry trilocular. There are eight species, of 
which the principal are : 
1 . The coccineus, with plain tongue-shaped 
leaves, rises about a foot high, with a stalk 
supporting a cluster of bright-red tubulous 
H JE M 
flowers. It has a large bulbous root, from 
which in the autumn come out two broad flat 
leaves of a fleshy consistence, shaped like a 
tongue, w hich turn backward on each side, 
and spread on the ground, so that they have 
a strange appearance all the winter. In the 
spring these decay ; so that from May to the 
beginning of August they are destitute of 
leaves. The flowers are produced in the au- 
tumn just before the leaves come out. 
2. 1 he carinatus, with keel-shaped leaves, 
has a taller stalk and paler flowers than the 
former; its leaves are not flat, but hollowed 
like the keel of a boat. 
3. The puniceus, with large spear-shaped 
waved leaves, grows about a foot high, and 
has flowers ot a yellowish-red colour. These 
are succeeded by berries, which are of a beau- 
tiful red colour when ripe. All these plants 
are natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 
I HEMATITES, or blood stone, a hard 
mineral substance, red, black, or purple, but 
the powder of which is always red. It is 
found in masses sometimes spherical, seini- 
spherical, pyramidal, or cellular, that is, like 
a honeycomb, it contains a large quantity 
of iron. Forty pounds of that metal have 
been extracted" from a quintal of stone ; but 
the iron is of such a bad quality, that this ore 
is not commonly smelted. The great hard- 
ness of haematites renders it lit for burnishing 
and polishing metals. T he' specific gravity 
from 47 to 50. See PI. Nat. Hist, tig! 220." 
PLEM/V! OPUS, the sea-pije, in ornitho- 
logy, a genus belonging to the order of gral- 
ia\ 1 he beak is compressed, with an equal 
wedge-shaped point; the nostrils are linear ; 
and the feet have three toes without nails. 
1 here is but one species, viz. the ostralegus, 
or oyster-catcher, a native of Europe and 
America. See Pi. N. II. fig. 2 19. It feeds 
upon shell-fish near the sea-shore, particu- 
larly oysters and limpets. On observing an 
oyster which gapes wide enough for the in- 
sertion of its bill, it thrusts it in, and takes out 
the inhabitant : it will also force the limpets 
from their adhesion to the rucks with sufficient 
ease. Occasionally it feeds on marine insects 
and w’orms. With us these birds are often 
seen in considerable flocks in winter: in the 
summer they are met with only in pairs, 
though chiefly in the neighbourhood ol the 
sea or salt rivers. 
HAiMATOXYLUM, logwood, or Cam- 
peachy wood, a genus of the monogynia or- 
der, in the decandria class of plants, and in 
the natural method ranking under the 33d or- 
der, lomentaceax The calyx is quinquepar- 
tite ; the petals five ; the capsule lanceolat- 
ed, unilocular, and bivalved ; the valves na- 
vicular, or keeled like a boat. Of this genus 
there is only one species, viz. the campechia- 
num, which grows naturally in the bay of Cam- 
peachy at Honduras, and other parts of the 
Spanish West Indies, where it rises from 16 to 
24 feet high. 'T he stems are generally crooked, 
and very deformed, and seldom thicker than 
a man s thigh. T he branches, which come 
out on each side, are crooked, irregular, and 
anried with strong thorns, and winged leaves, 
composed of three pair of obscure lobes in- 
dented at the top. T he flowers come in a 
racemus from the wings of the leaves, stand- 
ing erect, and are of a pale-yellowish colour, 
with a purple empalement. T hey are suc- 
ceeded by flat oblong pods, each containing 
two or three kidney-seeds. 
6 
H A I 
Logwood is used in great quantities for 
dyeing purple, but especially black colours. 
Ml the colours, however, which can be pre- 
pared from it, are of a fading nature, and 
cannot by any art be made equally durable 
with those prepared from some other mate- 
rials. Of all the colours prepared from log- 
wood, the black is the most durable. 
Doctor Lewis recommends it as an in- 
gredient in making ink. “ In dyeing cloth 
tsays he), vitriol and galls, iii whatever 
proportions they are used, produce only 
browns of different shades: 1 have often 
been surprised that with these capital mate- 
i ials of the black dye l never could obtain 
any true blackness in white cloth, and attri- 
buted the failure to some unheeded misma- 
nagement in the process, till l found it to be 
a known fact among the dyers. Logwood is 
the material which adds blackness to the vi- 
triol and gall brown ; and this black dye, tho’. 
not ot the most durable kind, is the most 
common. On blue cloth a good black may 
be deed bv vitriol and galls alone; but even 
nere an addition of logwood contributes not 
a little to improve the colour.” Mr. Dela- 
^al, however, in Jus Essay on Colours, in- 
forms us, that with an infusion of galls and 
iron-tilings, he not oniy made an exceeding 
black and durable ink," but also dyed linen 
cloth of a very deep black. 
ILEMCV i OSIS, in medicine, a splttum 
ol biood. See Medicine. 
HEMORRHAGE, in medicine, a flux of 
blood from any part. of the body. See Me- 
dicine. 
I LLMORKIiOIDS, or Piles. See 
Medicine. 
ILRRUCA, in entomology, a genus of 
the order of vermes intestina." T he body is 
round, the fore part two-necked, and sur- 
rounded with a single row' of prickles. T he 
IT . minis is- grey-white and wrinkled : it in- 
habits the intestines of the mouse, and is dis- 
tinguished from the echin or hynchus, in 
wanting the retractile proboscis. 
HAIL, in natural history, a meteor gene- 
rally defined frozen rain, but differing from 
it in that the hailstones are not formed of sin- 
gle pieces of ice, but of many little sphe- 
rules agglutinated together. Neither are 
these spherules all of the same consistence ; 
some of them being hard and solid like per- 
icct ice , others soft, and mostly like snow 
hardened by a severe frost. Sometimes the 
hailstone has a kind of core of this soft mat- 
ter ; but more frequently the core is solid 
and hard, while the outside is formed of a 
soitei matter. Hailstones assume various 
figures, being sometimes round, at other 
times pyramidal, crenated, angular, thin, and 
flat, and sometimes stellated, 'with six radii 
like the small crystals of snow. See Meteor- 
ology. 
Natural historians furnish us with various 
accounts ot surprising showers of hail, in 
u&ich the hailstones were of extraordinary 
magnitude. Mezeruy, speaking of the war 
of Louis XII. in Italy, in the year 1510, re- 
lates, that there was for some time a horri- 
ble darkness, thicker than that of night ; after 
which the clouds broke into thunder and 
lightning, and there fell a shower of Ini - 
stones, or rather (as he calls them) pebble- 
stones, which destroyed all the fish, birds, 
and beasts, of the country. It was attended 
with a strong smell of sulphur ; and the stones 
