line, so that the base argent is opposite to the 
base azure. 
Potent-counter-potent, is a field covered 
with figures like crutch heads. See Plate. 
Charges, are f whatsoever bearings or fi- 
gures are borne in the field of a coat of arms. 
Rampant, signifies the lion standing erect 
on one of the hind legs. 
Rampant-gardant, is a lion standing on his 
hind leg, looking full-faced. 
Ram pant- regardant, standing upon his 
hinder leg, looking back towards his tail. 
Passant : this term is to express the lion in 
a walking position. 
Sejant, for the lion_sitting, as the example. 
Saliant, is when the lion is leaping or spring- 
ing forward, as the example. 
Couchant, is a lion lying at rest, with the 
head erect. 
Passant-gardant, for a beast, when walking, 
with its head looking full-faced. 
Couped, cut off smooth and even, as the 
example. 
Erased, signifying torit or plucked off, as 
the example. 
Demy, is the half of any charge, as the ex- 
ample, a demy lion. 
Dormant, for sleeping with its head resting 
on its fore paws. 
Partition lines, by which is understood a 
shield divided or cut through by a line or 
lines, either horizontal, perpendicular, diago- 
nal, or transverse : the engraved examples 
are the crooked lines of partition, viz. en- 
grailed, invecked, wavy, nebule, imbattled, 
raguly indented, dancette, dove-tail. See 
Plate I. 
Roundels are round figures, much used in 
arms : the English heralds vary their names 
according to their colour, thus : 
Or, 
- Argent, 
Gules, 
Azure, 
Sable, 
Vert, 
Pur pure, j 
is termed a sf 
Bezant. 
Plate. 
Torteaux. 
Hurt. 
Pellett. 
Pomey. 
Golpe. 
Crescent, or half-moon, having its horns 
turned upwards 
Increscent, differs from the crescent, by 
having its horns turned to the dexter side. 
Decrescent, is the reverse of the incres- 
cent, having its horns turned to the sinister 
side. 
Rose, is represented, in heraldry, full- 
blown, with line green barbs, and seeded in 
the middle. 
Annulet, or ring, and by some authors sup- 
posed to be rings of mail. 
Ghess-rook. This piece is used in the game 
of chess. 
Star, in heraldry, is termed an estoile, hav- 
ing six waved points. 
Trefoil, or three-leaved grass. 
Quatrefoil, or four-leaved grass. 
Cinquefoil, or five-leaved grass. 
Mascle, is in shape like the lozenge, but is 
always perforated, as the example. 
Fountain, an heraldic term for a roundle 
barry wavy of six argents and azure. 
Billet, a small parallelogram, supposed to be 
letters made up in the form of the example. 
Rustre, is a lozenge pierced round in the 
middle. 
Gutte, in heraldry, signifies drops of any 
thing liquid, and, according to their colour, 
are termed as follow : if 
HERALDRY. 
Or, 
Gutte d’or. 
Argent, 
Gutte d’eau. 
Vert, 
Gutte de olive. 
Gules, 
Gutte de sang. 
Azure, 
Gutte de larmes. 
.Sable, 
Gutte poix. 
Fess, an ordinary composed of two hori- 
zontal lines drawn across the centre of the 
shield. 
Chevron, an ordinary, in form like two 
rafters of a house, ora pair of compasses ex- 
tended. 
Bend, an ordinary, drawn diagonally from 
the dexter chief to the sinister base, and takes 
lip one-third of the field. 
Pale, an ordinary, which is placed perpen- 
dicular in the centre of the shield. 
Chief, an ordinary, which always occupies 
the upper part of the shield, and contains in 
depth the third of the field. 
Cross, an ordinary, composed of four lines, 
four perpendicular, and two transverse. 
Saltire, an ordinary, in form like the cross 
of St. Andrew. 
Bend-sinister, which is placed diagonally 
from the sinister chief to the dexter base of 
the shield. 
Quarter, an ordinary, formed of two lines, 
one perpendicular, the other horizontal, tak- 
ing up one-fourth of the field, as the ex- 
ample. 
Canton, an ordinary, in form like the quar- 
ter, but the size is only the third part of the 
chief. 
Pile, an ordinary, like the foot of the pile 
that is driven into the ground to make the 
foundation of a building in swampy ground. 
Flanches, are compo ed of two circular 
. lines, and are always borne double, as the ex- 
ample. 
FJory, a cross, the ends terminating in 
fleurs-de-lis. 
Moline, a cross, which turns round both 
ways at the extremities, like a hook. 
Puttee, a cross, small in the centre, and 
widening to the ends, which are very broad. 
Croslet, a cross, crossed again at the ex- 
tremities at a small distance from each of the 
ends. 
Lozenge, a four-cornered figure, like a pi ne 
of. glass in old casements, supposed to be a 
physical composition given for colds, and was 
invented to distinguish eminent physicians. 
Mullet, consists of five points, and pierced 
in the centre, and L supposed to represent a 
spur rowel. 
Mill-iicd, a cross, inform like (he mill-ink 
which carries the millstone, and is perforated 
in the centre. 
Water-boujet, antiently used as a vessel by 
soldiers for carrying water irrlong marches. 
Helmets, were formerly worn as a defensive 
weapon to cover the bearer’s head : a helmet, 
is now placed over a coat of arms as its chief 
ornament, and a mark of gentility. The 
First is a side-faced helmet of steel, with 
the vizor shut, for an esquire. 
Second is a full-faced' helmet of steel, with 
the vizor open, for knights or baronets. 
Third is a side-faced helmet of steel, the 
bars and ornaments gold, tor the nobility. 
Fourth is a full-faced helmet, with bars all 
gold, for the sovereign and princes of the 
b;ood royal. 
Close, signifies the wings of a bird are 
down, and close to the body. 
(jog 
Rising. This term is for a bird when in a 
position as if preparing to fly. 
Displayed, signifies the wings of an eagle 
to be expanded, as the example. 
Volant, a term for any bird repre ented 
flying. 
'1 ripping, a term for a stag, antelope, or 
hind, when walking. 
Courant, for a stag, or horse, or greyhound,, 
running. 
At gaze, is a term for a stag or hind ; when 
looking full-faced, is termed at gaze. 
Lodged, signifies the stag to be at rest on 
the ground. 
Inverted, is for two wings conjoined, and 
the points of the wings downwards. 
Erect, is for two wings conjoined, and th 
points erect, or upwards. 
Hauriant. This term is for a fish whrn 
erect, paleway s, as putting its head aboVe 
water. 
Naiant, for a fish, when borne horizontally 
across the shield, as swimming. 
Cockatrice, a chimerical figure used in he- 
raldry ; its beak, wings, legs, comb, wattles, 
and spurs, partake of the fowl ; and its body 
and tail of the snake. 
Wyvern. This, like the former, is chi- 
merical, and differs from the cockatrice in its 
head, having no comb, wattles, or spurs. 
Dragon, this is an heraldic figure, as 
drawn by heralds. See the example. 
Tiger. This, like the former, is of heraldic- 
creation ; being so different from the tiger of 
nature, it is termed the heraldic tiger. 
Cheeky, is a shield or bearing, covered 
with small squares of different colours alter- 
nately. 
Gyronnv, is a shield divided into six or 
eight triangular parts of different colours, and 
the points all meeting in tiie centre of the 
shield. 
Paly, is a shield divided into four, six, or 
more equal parts, by perpendicular lines, 
consisting of two colours. 
Barry, is a shield divided into four, six, or 
more equal parts, by horizontal lines of two 
colours. 
Bachelor .• — The arms of a bachelor, whilst 
he remains such, lie may quarter his paternal 
coat with other coats, if they belong to him, 
but he may not impale it till he is married. 
Married man . — A married man is to con- 
join the coat armours of himself and wife in 
one escutcheon paleways ; the man’s on the 
dexter side of the shield, and the woman’s on 
the sinister side. 
An heiress . — When an heiress is married, 
her arms are not to be impaled with her hus- 
band’s, but are to be borne on an escutcheon 
of pretence, placed in the centre of the shield. 
Note, the escutcheon of pretence displays 
his pretension to her estate ; and if the hus- 
band has issue by her, the heir of those two 
inheritors shall bear the hereditary coats of 
father and mother quarterly. 
Quarterly . — Is an arms divided into four, 
parts by a perpendicular and horizontal t line- 
crossing each other, in the centre of the 
shield, into four equal parts, termed, quarters. 
Maid . — The arms of a maid, are to be 
placed in a lozenge ; and if her father bore 
any difference in his coat the same is to be 
continued ; for by themark of cadency of h er fa- 
ther’s will be denoted what branch she is from. 
IVidow. — The arms of a widow are to be 
impaled with the arms of her late husband; 
