H O ft 
HOR 
of litharge one part ; temper them together 
to the consistence of a soft-paste with soap- 
ley. Put this paste over all the parts of the 
horn, except such as are proper to be left 
transparent, in order to give it a near resem- 
blance of the tortoise-shell. The horn must 
remain in this manner covered with the paste 
till it is thoroughly dry ; when, the paste 
being brushed oil, the horn will be found 
partly opaque and partly transparent, in the 
manner of tortoise-shell, and when put over a 
foil of the kind of latten called assidue, will 
be scarcely distinguishable from it. It re- 
quires some degree of fancy and judgment to 
dispose of the paste in such a manner as to 
form a variety of transparent parts, of diffe- 
rent magnitudes and figures, to look like the 
effect of nature : and it will be an improve- 
ment to add semitransparent parts, which 
may be done by mixing whiting with some 
of the paste to weaken its operation in par- 
ticular places, by which spots of a reddish 
brown will be produced, which if properly 
interspersed, especially on the edges of the 
dark parts, will greatly increase both the 
beauty of the work and its similitude to 
real tortoise-shell. 
Horn is also a musical instrument of the 
wind kind, chiefly used in hunting, to animate 
the hunters and the dogs, and to call the lat- 
ter together. The French horn is bent into 
a circle, and goes two or three times round, 
growing gradually larger and wider towards 
the end, which in some horns is nine or ten 
inches over. 
Horns of insects, the slender oblong bo- 
dies projected from the heads of those ani- 
mals, and otherwise called antennae or feelers. 
See Entomology. 
HORNBLENDE. This mineral enters 
into the composition of many mountains. It 
is also amorphous, but frequently also cry- 
stallized. The primitive form of its crystals 
is a rhomboidal prism, the faces of which are 
inclined at angles of 124 6 34' and 55° 26', and 
whose bases are angles of 122° 56' and 57'* A'. 
The most common variety is a six-sided 
prism, terminated by trihedral or tetrahedral 
summits. 
Hornblende, common. Its texture is very 
conspicuously foliated; fracture conchoidal ; 
fragments often rhomboidal; opaque; tough; 
specific gravity 2.922 to 3.41 ; colour black, 
blackish-green' olive-green, or leek-green ; 
gtreak greenish. It neither becomes electric 
by friction nor heat. Before the blow-pipe 
it melts into a black glass. A specimen of 
black hornblende, analysed by Mr. Her- 
mann, was composed of 
37 silica 
27 alumina 
25 iron 
5 lime 
3 magnesia 
97 
Hornblende, basaltic. This stone is 
found commonly in basaltic rocks ; hence the 
name basaltine, which was imposed by Mr. 
Kirwan. It is crystallized either in rhom- 
boidal prisms, or six or eight-sided prisms, 
terminated by three-sided pyramids. Its tex- 
ture is foliated ; its fracture uneven ; specific 
gravity 3.333; colour black, dark-green, or 
yellowish-green; streak white; transmits a 
reddish-yellow light. Before the blow-pipe 
H 0 R 
it melts into a greyish-coloured enamel, with 
a tint of yellow. A specimen, seemingly ot 
this stone" analysed by Bergman, contained 
58 silica 
27 alumina 
9 iron 
4 lime 
I magnesia 
99 
Hornblende, shistose. Colour green- 
ish-black or deep green ; forms strata ; struc- 
ture shistose ; texture radiated or fibrous ; 
opaque; brittle; streak greenish grey; mo- 
derately heavy; gives an argillaceous smell 
when breathed upon. This mineral is often 
confounded with slate. In Sweden it is em- 
ployed for covering houses. 
HORNERS, those artificers whose busi- 
ness it is to prepare various utensils of the 
horns of cattle. The homers were a very 
antient and considerable fraternity in the city 
of London some hundred years ago. In the j 
reign of Edward II. they complained to par- 
liament, that by foreigners buying up the 
horns in England, they were in danger of 
being ruined, and this business lost to the 
nation. For this reason was made-lhe statute 
6 Edw. IV. by which the sale of horns to fo- 
reigners (except such as the said horners re- 
fused) was prohibited; and the wardens had 
power granted them to search all the markets 
in London and 24 miles round, and to in- 
spect Stourbridge and Ely fairs, to prevent 
such practices, and to purchase horns at 
stated prices. But on plausible pretences 
this law was repealed in the reign of James I. 
and thereupon the old evil revived. The 
horners again applied to parliament, and 
king Edward’s statute was renewed (except- 
ing as to the inspection of the fairs), and still 
remains in force. The importation of un- 
wrought horns into this country is also pro- 
hibited. IRe present company of horners 
were incorporated January 12, 1638. 
Horn-fish, a species of esox, otherwise 
called gar- fish. See Esox. 
Horn-work; in fortification, an out -work 
composed of two demi-bastions, joined by a 
curtin. See Fortification. 
HORNET, in zoology, a species of vespa 
with a black thorax, and double black spots 
on the segments of the body. See Vespa. 
HORN STONE, in mineralogy. This 
stone is usually amorphous, occurring some- 
times in mass, and sometimes in round balls. 
Fracture splintery, and sometimes conchoi- 
dal; specific gravity 2.7; colour grevish- 
blue, but sometimes grey, red, blue, green, 
and brown, of different shades. According 
to Kirwan, it is composed of 
72 silica 
22 alumina 
6 carbonat of lime 
100 
HORSE. See Equus. 
Horse-dealers. Every person exercis- 
ing the trade or business of a horse-dealer, 
must take out a licence from the stamp-office, 
for which he shall pay annually, if within 
London, Westminster, the bills of mortality, 
the parish of St. Pancras, or the borough of 
Southwark, 20/. ; elsewhere, 10/. 
The commissioners are to grant licences 
to horse-dealers for not exceeding one year ; 
£25 
and every licence shall cease on September 
29, then in the year for which the same shall 
be issued, and commence from the date ; 
and every licence taken out for any year 
subsequent to tiie year in which the same 
shall be issued, shall commence from Sep- 
tember 29, then next ensuing, and continus 
till September 29 following ; and a fresh li- 
cence is to be taken out ten days at least 
before the expiration of the year. 
One licence is sufficient for partners, and 
the licence is confined to the place mentioned 
therein. But no licences to be granted to 
horse-dealers, unless they declare they seek 
their living by buying and selling horses, and 
add the name of' the place where the said 
business is carried on. 29 Geo. III. c. 49. 
Horse-dealers so licenced, shall cause the 
words licenced to deal in horses to be paint- 
ed or written in large and legible characters 
either on a sign hung out or on some visible 
place in the front of their house, gate-wav, 
or stables; and if they shall sell any horse 
without fixing such token, they shall forfeit 
10/. to be recovered by action, half to the 
king, and half to the informer. 36 Geo. 111. 
c. 17. 
Horse-dealers who shall, after January 1, 
1796, carry on the said business without hav- 
ing obtained a licence under this act, shall- 
be liable to be assessed the duties on riding- 
horses, and shall deliver lists thereof as other 
persons. 
Horse-shoe, in fortification, is a small, 
work, sometimes of a round and sometimes of 
an oval figure, inclosed with a parapet, some- 
times raised in the moat or ditch, or in low 
grounds, and sometimes to cover a gate, or 
to serve as a lodgment for soldiers. See 
Fortification. 
Horse-shoes. See Farriery. 
Horse, in a ship, is a rope made fast to 
each yard arm, and on which the men stand 
to furl the sails. It is also a wooden frame 
with a rowel fixed in it, made use of by the 
riggers to woold ships-masls. 
HORSES. It shall be lawful for any per- 
son, native or foreigner, at any time to ship, 
lade, and transport by way of merchandize, 
horses into any parts beyond the seas in, 
amity with Ins majesty, paying for each 
horse, mare, or gelding, 5 s. and no more. 
No person convicted for feloniously steal- 
ing a horse, gelding, or mare, shall have the 
privilege of clergy. 1 Edw VI. c. 12. And 
not only all accessaries before such felony 
done, but also all accessaries after such fe- 
lony, shall be deprived and put from all be- 
nefit of their clergy, as the principal,, by sta- 
tute heretofore made, is or ought to be. 
If a horse be stolen out of the stable, or 
other curtilage of a dwelling-house, in the 
night time, it falls under the denomination 
of burglary ; if in the day-time, it falls under 
the denomination of larceny from the house ; 
and in either case there is a reward of 40/. 
for convicting an offender, and the prosecu- 
tor is entitled to a certificate which will ex- 
empt him from all parish and ward offices in 
the parish and ward where the burglary or 
larceny is committed, and which may be 
once assigned over, and will give the same 
exemption to the assignee as to the original 
proprietor. Burn’s Just. 621 . 
If an unsound horse is sold at the price of 
a sound horse, though net; absolutely wax* 
