II tj M 
Infers. Boiling jets d’eaux and boiling spring? 
are frequent in most parts of the island; and 
in many parts they are commonly applied 
to the culinary uses of the natives. The 
most capital is that which is called geyer or 
geyser, in a plain rising into small hills, and 
in the midst of an amphitheatre, bounded by 
the most magnilicent and various-shaped icy 
mountains, among which the three-headed 
Ilecla soars pre-eminent, 't hese Inters are 
not confined to the land; they rise in the 
very sea, and form scalding fountains amidst 
the waves. Their distance from the land is 
unknown ; but the new volcanic isle, twelve 
miles oif the point of Reickness, emitting lire 
and smoke, proves that the subterraneous 
fires and waters extend to that space; tor 
those awful effects arise from the united fury 
of these two elements. 
HUGONIA, a genus of the decandria or- 
der, in the monadelphia class of plants, and 
in the natural method ranking with those of 
which the order is doubtful. The corolla is 
pentapetalous ; the fruit is a plum with a 
striated kernel. There is one species, a tree 
of the East Indies. 
HUGUENOTS, a name given by way of 
contempt to the protestants of France. The 
name had its rise in the year 1560; but au- 
thors are not agreed as to its origin. The 
most plausible opinion, however, is that of 
I’asquier, who observes, that at Tours, the 
place where they were first thus denomi- 
nated, the people had a notion that an appa- 
rition or hobgoblin, called king Hugon, 
strolled about the streets in the night-time ; 
whence as those of the reformed religion met 
chiefly in the night to pray, &c. they called 
them Huguenots, that is, the disciples of 
king Hugon. 
HULL, in the sea language, is the main 
body of a ship, without either masts, yards, 
sails, or rigging. Thus to strike a hull in a 
storm is to take in her sails, and to lash (he 
helm on the lee-side of the ship; and to hull 
or lie a hull, is said of a ship whose sails are 
thus taken in, and helm lashed a-lee. 
HUMERUS. See Anatomy. 
Humerus, luxation of the. See Sur- 
CERY. , 
HUMMING-BIRD. See Trochilus. 
HUMULUS, the hop, a genus of the pen- 
tandria order, in the dioecia class of plants, 
and in the natural method ranking under the 
53d order, scabridae. The male calyx is pen- 
taphyllous; there is no corolla: the female 
Calyx is monophyllous, patent obliquely, and 
entire; there is no corolla, but two styles, 
and one seed within the calyx, the latter con- 
sisting of one large leaf. There is only one 
species, viz. the lupulus, which is sometimes 
found wild in hedges near houses and gar- 
dens, but probably is not indigenous. The 
stalk is weak and climbing; it creeps up the 
Support in a spiral, ascending always from 
the right hand to the left. 
Hops are said to have been first brought 
into England from the Netherlands in the 
year 1524. They are first mentioned in the 
English statute-book in the year 1552, viz. 
in the 5th and 6th Edw. VI. cap. 5.: and by 
an act of parliament of the first year of king 
James I. anno 1603, cap. 13. it appears that 
hops were then produced in abundance in 
England. The hop being a plant of great 
importance in this country, we shall oonsidor 
Yoi. I. 
HUM 
what relates to the culture and management 
of it under distinct heads. 
Of soil. As for the choice of soil, the 
hop-planters esteem the richest and strongest 
ground the most proper; and if it is rocky 
within two or three feet of the surface, the 
hops will prosper well; but they will by no. 
means thrive on a stiff clay or spongy wet 
land. 
The Kentish planters account new land 
best for hops ; they plant their hop gardens 
with apple-trees at a large distance, and with 
cherry-trees between ; and when the land has 
done its best for hops, which they reckon it 
will in about ten years, the trees may begin 
to bear. 
To plant hops. In the winter time provide 
your soil and manure for the hop-ground 
against the following spring. If the dung is 
rotten, mix it with two or three parts of com- 
mon earth, and let it incorporate together till 
you have occasion to make use of it in mak- 
ing your hop-hills ; but if it is new dung, 
then let it be mixed as before till the spring 
in the next year, for new dung is very inju- 
rious to hops. 
Hops require to be planted in a situation 
so open as that the air may freely pass round 
and between them, to dry up and dissipate 
the moisture, whereby they will not be so 
subject to fire-blasts, which often destroy the 
middles of large plantations, while the out- 
sides remain unhurt. 
The hills should be eight or nine feet 
asunder, that the air may freely pass between 
them. If the ground is intended to be plough- 
ed with horses between the hills, it will be 
best to plant them in squares checquerwise ; 
but if the ground is so small that it may be 
done with the breast-plough or spade, the 
holes should be ranged in a quincunx form. 
Which way soever you make use of, a stake 
should be stuck down at all the places where 
the hills are to be made. 
Persons ought to be very curious in the 
choice of the plants as to the kind of hop ; 
for if the hop-garden is planted with a mix- 
ture of several sorts of hops that ripen at se- 
veral times, it will cause a great deal of trou- 
ble, and be a great detriment to the owner. 
The two best sorts are the white and the grey 
bind ; the latter is a large square hop, more 
hardy, and is the more plentiful bearer, and 
ripens later than the former. There is ano- 
ther sort of the white bind, which ripens a 
week or ten days before the common ; but 
this is tenderer, and a less plentiful bearer; 
but it has this advantage, that it comes first 
to market. 
If there is a sort of hop you value, and 
would increase plants and sets from, the su- 
perfluous binds may be laid down when the 
hops are tied, cutting off the tops, and bury- 
ing them in the hill; or when the hops are 
dressed, all the cuttings may be saved ; for 
almost every part w'ill grow', and become a 
good set the next spring. 
As to the seasons of planting hops, the 
Kentish planters approve the months of Oc- 
tober and March. The most usual time, 
however, of procuring them is in March, 
when the hops are cut and dressed. 
As to the manner of planting the sets, there 
should be five good sets planted in every hill, 
one in the middle, and the rest round about 
sloping. Let them be pressed close with 
the hand, and covered with fine earth, and a 
§U - J 
H U M 9W 
stick should be placed on each side the hill 
to secure it. 
Dressing. As to the dressing of the hops, 
when the hop-ground is dug in January or 
February, the earth about the hills, and very 
near them, ought to be taken away with a 
spade, that you may come the more conve- 
niently at the stock to cut it. About the 
end of February, if the hops were planted 
the spring before, or if the ground is weak, 
.they ought to be dressed in dry weather ; but 
else, if the ground is strong and in perfec- 
tion, the middle of March will be a good 
time; and the latter end of March, if it is 
apt to produce over-rank binds, or the be- 
ginning of April may be soon enough. Then 
having with an iron picker cleared away all 
the earth out of the hills, so as to clear the 
stock to the principal roots, with a sharp 
knife you must cut off all the shoots which 
grew up with the binds the last year; and 
also all the young suckers, that none be left 
to run in the alley, and weaken the hill. It 
will be proper to cut one part of the stock 
lower than the other, and also to cut that 
part low that was left highest the preceding 
year. In dressing those hops that have been 
planted the year before, you ought to cut off 
both the dead tops and the young sucker* 
which have sprung up from the sets, and 
also to cover the stocks with fine earth a 
finger’s length in thickness. 
The poling. About the middle of April 
the hops are to be poled, when the shoots 
begin to sprout up; the poles must be set to 
the hills deep into the ground, with a square 
iron picket or crow, that they may the better' 
endure the winds ; three poles ate sufficient 
for one hill. These should be placed as near 
the hill as may be, with their bending tops 
turned outwards from the hill to prevent the 
binds from entangling ; and a space between 
two poles ought to be left open to the south 
to admit the sun-beams. 
The tying. As to the tying of hops, the 
buds that do not clasp of themselves to the 
nearest pole when they are grown to three 
or four feet high, must be guided to it by the 
hand, turning them to the sun, whose course 
they will always follow. They must be 
bound with withered rushes, but not so close 
as to hinder them from climbing up the pole. 
This you must continue to do till all the poles 
are furnished with binds, of which two or three 
are enough for a pole ; and all the sprouts 
and binds that you have no occasion for, are 
to be plucked - up ; but if the ground is 
young, then none cf these useless binds 
should be plucked up, but should be wrapped 
up together in the middle of the hill. 
Gathering. About the beginning of July 
hops begin to blow, and will be ready to ga- 
ther about Bartholomew-tide. A judgment 
maybe made of their ripeness by their strong 
scent, their hardness, and the brownish co- 
lour of their seed. When by these tokens 
they appear to be ripe, they must be picked 
with all the expedition possible ; for if at this 
time a storm of wind shoQld come, it would 
do them great damage by breaking the 
branches, and bruising and discolouring the 
hops; and it is very well known that iiops, 
being picked green and bright, will sell for 
a third more than those which are discolour- 
ed and brown. 
The most convenient way of picking them 
is into a long square frame ®f wood, called a 
